"The essays in this volume reflect a wide-range of issues and concerns related to children’s media culture in Africa. For example, several address the role of entertainment television in Addis Abba, Ghana, South Africa, Kenya, and Zambia and in the lives of Muslim children. Other essays introduce
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us to children-centered media from Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe, and the innovative programs of PLAN-International. In addition to entertainment media and children-centered media, media education and digital media literacy are also discussed." (Publisher description)
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"In this second publication in our Access to Communications Publication Series, the authors examine real-life examples of and trends in wireless technology solutions being used to drive change in the areas of health, humanitarian assistance, and environmental conservation. The compelling stories por
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trayed in this report demonstrate that telecommunications can be a powerful tool for positive change in our world." (Foreword)
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"This edition (2007/2008) continues the tradition of providing an analytical overview of the state of ICT4D in Asia Pacific. It covers 31 countries and economies, including North Korea for the first time. Each country chapter is an attempt to provide a relatively comprehensive coverage of the variou
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s aspects of ICT4D in each of the countries at the time that the chapter was written (in 2006). To provide a broad perspective of the issues covered, the chapters are written by a team of authors representing different sectors, such as government, academe, industry and civil society. There are also fi ve thematic chapters providing a synthesis of some of the key issues in ICT4D in Asia Pacific today." (Introduction, page xii)
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"Internet filtering takes place in at least forty states worldwide including many countries in Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. This publication examines the political, legal, social, and cultural contexts of Internet filtering in these states from a variety of perspectives. The six introd
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uctory chapters (only available in the print version) discuss the mechanisms and politics of Internet filtering, the strengths and limitations of the technology that powers it, the relevance of international law, ethical considerations for corporations that supply states with the tools for blocking, and the implications of Internet filtering for civil society groups that increasingly rely on Internet technologies for communicating their missions. Regional overviews and reports on Internet content regulation in forty different countries follow (which are also available online), with each country profile outlining the types of content blocked by category and documenting key findings. The study relies on the results of the "OpenNet Initiative", a collaboration of the Berkman Center for Internet and Society at Harvard Law School, the Citizen Lab at the University of Toronto, the Oxford Internet Institute at Oxford University, and the University of Cambridge." (CAMECO Update 4-2008)
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"This study is the result of archival research, hundreds of interviews, and listening to hundreds of programs as broadcast from 20-26 September 2004. It focuses on the question of how the broadcasts of the Protestants in the Arab World are a witness to the Christian gospel. The main question asked,
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is to what extent these programs are indigenous and contextually suitable for the audiences which the producers and broadcasters hope to reach." (https://www.cme.stir.ac.uk/publications/2008/strengholt-jos-m-gospel-in-the-air)
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"Based primarily on the content analysis, with secondary reinforcement from the discussion group proceedings, the research team sees the principal issues affecting Alhurra as being those related to the fundamentals of journalism, not the exigencies of politics. This is not an esoteric matter related
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to an idealized journalism, but rather goes directly to the issue of Alhurra's fulfillment of its legislative mandate and its responsibilities deriving from the Middle East Broadcast Network Journalistic Code of Ethics. Section 303 of the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (as amended) calls for, among other provisions, United States international broadcasting to “be conducted in accordance with the highest professional standards of broadcast journalism” and “to be designed so as to effectively reach a significant audience.” These broad requirements coincide with the more specific standards prescribed by the MBN code of ethics. Within this framework, the challenges facing Alhurra as it seeks to attain excellence in carrying out its mandate are those that must be addressed by all news organizations: Ensuring comprehensiveness of coverage; providing the breadth that the audience expects; • Imposing discipline in producing the news product to protect against personal and institutional biases that can infect a news product; • Offering diverse viewpoints about important issues from sources whose backgrounds and expertise contribute to a balanced news product; • Avoiding rumor and other unsubstantiated material; • Thoughtfully and thoroughly addressing the topics of greatest interest to the target audience, such as religion and local democratization efforts. Add to these Alhurra's additional duty to reflect and promote U.S. policies and it is clear that the task for this news organization is exceptionally difficult. For each of these duties, our diagnosis is that Alhurra is not performing at the level that it needs to reach to be successful. To fulfill Alhurra's mission requires being able to compete effectively in the Arab news marketplace. That will require expanded and more proficient coverage, and to reach this higher level will necessitate a significant budget expansion to enable broader reporting and more professional management. It will also require grappling with political issues involving journalistic independence and the realities of establishing the credibility needed to gain and keep an Arab audience." (Executive summary)
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"Internet technology has arguably changed the rules by which individuals, social movements, and institutions compete for political and cultural influence in technologically advanced societies. The author considers this reality through reference to the concept of hegemony; looking to the ways in whic
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h diverse actors in American civil society compete with one another while simultaneously challenging dominant sources of authority. The Arab/Israeli conflict is drawn upon as a boundary object holding direct interest to a wide range of state-aligned lobbies, broadly-based social movements, and marginalized 'extremist' groups, each of which hopes to affect the course of U.S. Mid-East policy. While various dimensions of internet use and activism are explored, Stephen Marmura directs particular attention to the importance and limitations of the World Wide Web as a mass medium. Examining phenomena ranging from mainstream news dissemination to the propaganda warfare visible online amongst racist, religious fundamentalist, and ultra-nationalist organizations, he argues the Net's greatest advantages are ultimately accrued by those most vested in the political status quo. Marmura argues further that widespread use of the Web is likely contributing to processes of social fragmentation, even as it reinforces ideological discourses favorable to state power." (Publisher description)
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"The findings from this research reveal the complexity of delivering journalism training and the challenges involved in capturing evidence of impact. Content analysis is a useful tool for measuring change in media output. It can both inform training delivery and provide evidence of improvements to o
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utput after training has taken place. The detailed and systematic collection and analysis of data can detect subtle changes in content, presentation of output and production elements that might not be captured by other research techniques. Although content analysis provides evidence that the output has changed it may not necessarily be a direct result of the intervention. Content analysis records media output - it does not measure the situation under which the news is produced. For example, during the training period managers might have introduced editorial guidelines or style guides to the organisation independently of the training intervention. Changes in output might be attributable to the actions of management rather than the training experience. Content analysis is also limited to measuring changes to output only – not to the skills acquired by particular trainees. For example, a trainer worked with the news room team to produce a radio package - at the last minute the management refused to broadcast the piece due to editorial policy. Although the improved content was not broadcast, and therefore not included in the content analysis, journalists acquired skills in the production process." (Research learnings, page 8)
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"This paper has demonstrated that the benefits for the general Afghan and Iraqi public derived from the ‘promotion of independent media’ by institutions like the NED are questionable, especially for parties interested in encouraging more deliberative or participatory forms of democracy. Instead,
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the promotion of ‘independent’ media in Afghanistan and Iraq seems to be playing a key role in the promotion of low-intensity democracy or polyarchy. Additionally, it also appears that countries of greater geostrategic value need more ‘democratization’, for example, both countries have roughly the same population but ‘oil rich Iraq received 20 times more American media development assistance per year than war-ravaged Afghanistan, one of the poorest nations on earth’ (Rohde, 2005: 29). With such large amounts of money being wielded by ‘democracy promoters’, their short term influences may impact heavily on both countries, yet perhaps the most significant effects of these media interventions will be felt in the long term. Previous case studies have shown that groups or individuals supported by ‘democracy promoters’ are expected to move on to fill leading roles within their societies." (Conclusion, page 124)
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"Man hat Arbeitskräfte gerufen, und es kamen Menschen. Sie fressen den Wohlstand nicht auf, im Gegenteil, sie sind 1 für den Wohlstand unerlässlich." Max Frisch Die modernen Massenmedien besitzen in unserem Alltag einen wichtigen Stellenwert und tragen bei Erwachsenen, aber gerade auch bei Heranw
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achsenden durch Prozesse der Thematisierung von aktuellen Ereignissen und Problemen (Agenda-Setting, der Anstiftung von Gesprächen untereinander (Ko-Orientierung), der Vermittlung von Normen und Wertvorstellungen (Sozialisation) und der Konstruktion von Bildern der sozialen Realität (Kultivierung) wesentlich zur gesellschaftlichen Integration und zur persönlichen Herausbildung einer eigenen Identität bei. Durch Globalisierungstendenzen der Medienproduktion, zusammen mit neuen technischen Möglichkeiten der modernen Massenmedien wie Kabel- und Satellitenfernsehen, können in der Schweiz aber längst nicht mehr nur ausschließlich schweizerische Medien und deren Inhalte genutzt werden. Vielmehr ist sowohl im Bereich der Printmedien als auch bei den Fernsehprogrammen eine breite Palette von ausländischen Medienangeboten zugänglich geworden, deren dokumentarische, unterhaltende und kulturelle Inhalte zuneh-mend Tendenzen der Internationalisierung aufweisen. Und durch das Internet ist ferner die rasche Information über Ereignisse in anderen Ländern, aber auch die gegenseitige interpersonale Kommunikation zwischen Menschen - Stichwort "E-Mail" - möglich geworden, die in verschiedenen Ländern leben (müssen)." (Publisher description)
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"Ängste und Hoffnungen verbinden sich mit den jungen Menschen, die in der arabischen Welt zwei Drittel der Bevölkerung ausmachen. Wie reagieren die Jugendlichen auf die Herausforderungen einer globalisierten Welt? Anhand der Internetnutzung marokkanischer Jugendlicher und den damit verbundenen Ane
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ignungspraktiken lässt diese Studie die Ambivalenz von Globalisierungsprozessen in der arabischen Welt sichtbar werden. In der kommunikativen Entgrenzung wird die eigene strukturelle Begrenzung deutlich: Geographische, soziale und kulturelle Grenzen werden hinterfragt, verschoben und überwunden – aber auch fixiert." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"With more than 190 million inhabitants and over 36 million households, the Arab world’s strong population growth combined with continued economic development make it a highly attractive market for broadcasters. Arab countries have more than 150 free-to-air television channels available to most ho
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mes. Multichannel free-to-air television reaches 35 percent of households in Egypt and up to 90 percent in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. At the same time, the Arab world’s pay-TV industry is also rapidly expanding, with subscriber growth averaging 40 percent per year over the past several years. Pay-TV penetration is still low, however, varying from 5 percent in Egypt to 29 percent in the UAE. Demand for and consumption of television broadcasting is significantly stronger in the Arab world than in most other developing countries. Close family ties combined with often harsh weather conditions, low literacy rates, and a culture of oral communication have made television the centerpiece of family life in many Arab countries. Demand for audiovisual content is not, however, homogenous across countries. Although all the countries in the region share a common language and the majority a common religion, there are differences in culture, television consumption, and viewing preferences across demographic segments and countries. In addition, television preferences are rapidly changing and fragmenting, particularly among age and socioeconomic groups, and competition for viewers' attention is very strong and growing." (Page 69)
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"Arab Media: Power and Weakness is comprised of research synopses (comprehensive overviews over the current academic literature and “blind spots” of research in one of the above mentioned fields); original empirical research; and theoretical papers. The result is a comprehensive handbook of up-t
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o date research and scholarship on this important and fast-changing subject, which will be of use to all students and researchers of the contemporary Arab world." (Publisher description)
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"We used computational social network mapping in combination with human and automated content analysis to analyze the Iranian blogosphere. In contrast to the conventional wisdom that Iranian bloggers are mainly young democrats critical of the regime, we found a wide range of opinions representing re
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ligious conservative points of view as well as secular and reform-minded ones, and topics ranging from politics and human rights to poetry, religion, and pop culture. Our research indicates that the Persian blogosphere is indeed a large discussion space of approximately 60,000 routinely updated blogs featuring a rich and varied mix of bloggers. Social network analysis reveals the Iranian blogosphere to be dominated by four major network formations, or poles, with identifiable sub-clusters of bloggers within those poles. We label the poles as 1) Secular/Reformist, 2) Conservative/Religious, 3) Persian Poetry and Literature, and 4) Mixed Networks." (Abstract)
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"One of the best sources for understanding Palestinian culture is the cinema, which has strived to delineate Palestinian history and to portray the daily lives of Palestinian men, women, and children. Here, an Israeli and a Palestinian scholar, in a rare and welcome collaboration, follow the develop
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ment of Palestinian cinema, commenting on its response to political and social transformations. They reveal that the more that social, political, and economic conditions have worsened and chaos and pain prevail, the more Palestinian cinema has engaged with the national struggle." (Publisher description)
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