commbox Bosnia and Herzegovina

"What follows from the analysis of the surveyed cases is a high level of variety of public television activity on the regional level. This clearly depends on the size and population of different countries, on the central and local administrative organization, on the level of linguistic homogeneity a ... nd from a series of historical, political and cultural factors. For this reason is difficult to talk of variable models of public regional television. In reality, however, there is an important factor of comparison, which allows us to subdivide the surveyed cases in two large categories how we did in the first step report: the statute of regional television centres in terms of independence or organic dependence on the national television companies. In Bosnia, Denmark, Greece, Netherland, Portugal, Russia and Serbia there are public regional television centres independent from national television companies. In Albania, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Ireland and Slovenia there are regional centres, which constitute an organic and integrated part of the national television companies. Where regional public televisions are independent in some cases they broadcast only to the regional population as in Denmark, Portugal, Netherland, Finland, Russia, in other cases they broadcast at national level as in Belgium and Greece. Where regional public televisions are local branch of national companies in some case they produce only for regional transmissions as in Albania and Finland, in other cases they produce also for national public television channels as in Czech Republic and Sweden. In the case of Portugal, regional television centres are independent companies, owned in part by national public television, and they produce programs also for the international public channel to reach the “diaspora” of regional population. A second factor of comparison concerns the relationship between the regional television centres and the regional political, cultural, and social context. In some cases the relationship is important as in Bosnia, Portugal, Belgium, Russia, Serbia in other are not evident as in Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Finland. A third factor of comparison concern the extension of regional broadcasting activities. In some cases the regional activity is limited to some daily news broadcasted in a window inside the national programs as in Finland and Ireland, in other cases it concern a more or less wide range of programs of various genres as in Netherlands, Denmark, Russia, Portugal. In correspondence to that dimension there are differences of the economic resources at disposal of each regional television." (Introduction, page 2-3) more

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International Intervention in Media: The Open Broadcast Network. A Case Study in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Jenny Ranson

San José (CR): University of Peace (UPEACE), Institute for Peace, Media and Security, Thesis (2004), 155 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2003: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Mark Whitehouse, Theo Dolan (eds.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2004), xxi, 277 pp.

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Media's Role in Peacebuilding

Michael C. Aho

Fairfax: George Mason University, Thesis (2004), 87 pp.

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Internationales Handbuch Medien 2004/2005

Hans-Bredow-Institut (ed.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos, 27th ed. (2004), 1200 pp.

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Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations

Yasha Lange et al.

Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.

"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid ... e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2) more

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Before Emergency: Conflict Prevention and the Media

Mariano Aguirre, Francisco Ferrándiz, José Manuel Pureza (eds.)

Bilbao: University of Deusto; HumanitarianNet (2003), 200 pp.

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Media Landscape of South East Europe 2002

Sofia: ACCESS-Sofia Foundation (2003), 230 pp.

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Long Walks to Media Freedom: Case Studies and Lessons Learnt from Countries in Transition from Authoritarian Rule to Democracy

Hendrik Bussiek

Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2003), 44 pp.

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Assessment of USAID Media Assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 1996-2002

Daniel De Luce

Washington, DC: USAID (2003), 29 pp.

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Prime Time Crime: Balkan Media in War and Peace

Kemal Kurspahic

Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press (2003), xxiii, 261 pp.

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Eastern Empires: Foreign Ownership in Central and Eastern European Media: Ownership, Policy Issues and Strategies

Granville Williams (ed.)

Brussels: European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) (2003), 67 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2002: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Mark Whitehouse, Theo Dolan (eds.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2003), xxi, 232 pp.

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Media Development in Bosnia: A Longitudinal Analysis of Citizen Perceptions of News Media Realism, Importance and Credibility

Maureen Taylor, Philip M. Napoli

International Communication Gazette, volume 65, issue 6 (2003), pp. 473-492

"This article examines public perceptions of the news and information sector in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Since the signing of the Dayton Peace Accord in late 1995, the international community has donated millions of dollars to foster free and fair media. This research explores the media transition in Bos ... more

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World Press Encyclopedia: A Survey of Press Systems Worldwide

Amanda C. Quick (ed.)

Detroit: Gale, 2nd ed. (2003), xxviii, 1285 pp.

"In these two volumes, readers will find comparative, in-depth essays on the press systems of 232 countries and/or territories. World Press Encyclopedia (WPE) is unique and valuable to users because, in addition to essays on each country’s press system, WPE also contains custommade graphs and stat ... more

Television Across Europe: Regulation, Policy and Independence. Vol.1: Overview, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia Deep Insights

Television Across Europe: Regulation, Policy and Independence. Vol.1: Overview, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia
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