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Television in Botswana: Development and Policy Perspectives

Seamogano Mosanako

Brisbane: University of Queensland, Doctoral Thesis (2014), 293 pp.

"A national television service, Botswana Television (Btv) was introduced in 2000 by the Botswana Government. However, Btv’s role in national development has received limited research attention. This study examines the role of television in national development in Botswana. In addition, the study e ... xplores the factors that influence the performance of television in a developing country context, with a view to suggest issues for consideration in media policy in Botswana to improve the performance of the Btv [...] The study illustrates that the role of television in national development in Botswana is mostly consistent with the role of the media advocated by the modernisation theory of development communication. The roles of Btv in this regard are education, information, entertainment and dissemination of government information. Most research participants in this study shared a common understanding that Btv should be a medium for diffusing development ideas initiated by the Botswana Government, for possible adoption by the public. Other roles of Btv relate to countering the dominance of neighbouring South Africa media content in Botswana, as well as contributing to Botswana’s economic diversification through advertising. The positive factors that validate the applicability of modernisation theory in the analysis of Btv include planning for the introduction of the service, improved transmission signal access, diverse programs that have been aimed at addressing developmental issues such as health, education and agriculture, and the use of the national language. Nonetheless, Btv audiences complained about limited cultural content on the channel. A political economy analysis of the factors influencing the performance of Btv revealed that the absence of a formal media policy framework has exacerbated the political and economic pressures facing Btv, such as state control and limited funding. This study therefore proposes that there is a need for the Botswana Government to introduce appropriate media policy with more emphasis on issues relating to its broadcasting model, objectives, funding, and programming with a view to strengthening and positioning Btv to realise its full potential in contributing to national development in Botswana." (Abstract, page 2-3) more

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Barómetro Africano da Media: Moçambique 2014

Windhoek: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2014), 111 pp.

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A imprensa e o império colonial em São Tomé e Príncipe (1857-1974)

Isadora Fonseca de Ataide

Comunicação Pública, volume 9, issue 16 (2014), 23 pp.

"Analisar a trajectória e o desempenho da imprensa em São Tomé e Príncipe ao longo docolonialismo é o objectivo deste artigo. Observam-se os papéis desempenhados pelo jornalismo no contexto sociopolítico do arquipélago no período colonial, entre 1857 e 1974. Para se compreender o percurso d ... more

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Contemporary Media Use in Nigeria

Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG);Gallup (2014), 2 pp.

"While radio is still in the lead for news consumption in Nigeria, the use of digital media and mobile continues to grow rapidly. The new research also reveals that Nigerian personal mobile phone ownership has increased significantly in 2014 to 83.0%, up from 73.1% in 2012. Mobile web is the leading ... more

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Analysing the Scope and Influence of China’s International Media in Sub-Saharan Africa

Elisabet Helander

[author] (2014), 31 pp.

"In a pilot field study, conducted in February 2014 in Kenya and Uganda, news journalists reflected on the use of and interest in the Chinese international media offered in East Africa at the moment. An earlier survey, done in 2009, showed that Kenyan journalists emphasized several factors that play ... a role for their independence, such as their collective professional status and media owners’ financial and political interests. What foregrounds in this context, is the media organizations’ manipulation of news in favour or disfavour of various interests. The field study found that a pluralist media in itself does not guarantee a coherent debate based on factual information (Helander, 2010). Building on this analysis of the media in East Africa, my current research seeks to investigate the role of China’s international media in the local media system. China Central Television and China Radio International have their regional base in Nairobi, and work in close cooperation with the government led Kenya Broadcasting Corporation. The study has found that politically sensitive issues, which can have negative economic repercussions for China and the host country, are barely covered by Xinhua News. The correspondents at CCTV, CRI and China Daily Africa apply a cautious approach to the reporting of some important stories (Interview in Nairobi 14-02-10). Because China’s initiative in media is state-led and thereby less independent, these communication channels have yet to gain credibility among the media practitioners. However, the field study conducted in Nairobi and Kampala in February 2014, points to anther other question regarding the current efficacy, or popularity, of the Chinese news sources. The interviews gave cause to doubt the importance of perceived credibility of the content, to rather stress the question of whether Chinese international media is interesting. Both the framing, and the choice of news stories, were deemed by interviewees using the words boring, uninteresting or lacking political news value. After further interviews with media practitioners were conducted in Johannesburg and Nairobi in December 2014, a more varied view of Chinese news sources transpired. The opinions within the population of journalists in South Africa and Kenya ranged from trust and interest to very poor trust and complete disinterest, in reports from Chinese news sources." (Pages 1-3) more

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Mobile Phones and Participatory Communication for Poverty Eradication on Public Service Broadcasting: The Case of Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation (TBC)

Amani K. Millanga

Mobile Media & Communication, volume 2, issue 3 (2014), pp. 281-297

"In this article it is argued that members of audience from different parts of Tanzania use mobile phones to participate in dialogue taking place on national radio (TBC-TAIFA) and/or national television (TBC1), and share their knowledge and lived experiences with the national audience as if they liv ... more

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Challenging humanitarian communication: An empirical exploration of Kony 2012

Johannes von Engelhardt, Jeroen Jansz

International Communication Gazette, volume 76, issue 6 (2014), pp. 464-484

"In March 2012, American NGO Invisible Children released an online video about the crimes committed by Ugandan war lord Joseph Kony and his Lord’s Resistance Army. Rapidly shared through social network sites, Kony 2012 soon earned the title of fastest spreading online video ever produced. At the s ... more

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Pour un journalisme sensible aux conflits. Édition spéciale République Centafricaine

Ross Howard

International Media Support (IMS) (2014), 33 pp.

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Protecting the Rights of Children: The Role of the Media. Lessons from Brazil, India and Kenya

London: Internews Europe (2014), 79 pp.

"In Brazil, India and Kenya, a wide range of factors currently inhibit media from playing their full role in promoting awareness of child rights and in helping children realise their rights, says this report. Crucial issues identified in all three countries include lack of media coverage, inadequate ... more

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The Internet and Democracy Building in Lusophone African Countries

Susana Salgado

Farnham: Ashgate (2014), xi,185 pp.

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Deconstructing Terror: Assessing Media’s Role in Religious Intolerance and Radicalisation

Amos Kibet

Nairobi: Media Council of Kenya (2014), xiii, 52 pp.

"The study examined various sampled media content and interviewed key informants to understand professional and ethical considerations informing media coverage of terror, religious extremism and radicalisation. From the findings, it is evident that the media somehow contributes to the propagation of ... more

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What Was the Role of the Debate Programme Sema Kenya in the 2013 Kenyan Election?

Angela Githitho Muriithi, Georgina Page

London: BBC Media Action (2014), 62 pp.

"This paper seeks to identify the extent to which the national TV and radio programme Sema Kenya (Kenya Speaks), part of BBC Media Action’s governance work in Kenya, supported accountability, peace and inclusion at the time of the 2013 Kenya election. It shows the specific value placed on Sema Ken ... more

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'The World is Our Community’: Rethinking Community Radio in the Digital Age

Sarah Helen Chiumbu

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 6, issue 3 (2014), pp. 249-264

"In this article, I analyse the changing nature and meaning of ‘community’ in community radio in the digital age using insights from literature on imagined communities, translocality and liminality. I argue that new media technologies are opening up new spaces for community radio that go beyond ... more

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Participatory Media for a Non-Participating Community: Western Media for Southern Communities

Brian Semujju

International Communication Gazette, volume 76, issue 2 (2014), pp. 197-208

"This paper draws on the contrast between community media and the nature of its communities in Africa that are not participatory but use participatory media. The general contention is that participatory media in Africa preside over non-participatory communities. The paper uses data collected at one ... more

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Media, Participation and Constitution-Making in Ethiopia

Nicole Stremlau

Journal of African Law, volume 58, issue 2 (2014), pp. 231-249

"In the early 1990s, Ethiopia’s ruling party, the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), drafted one of Africa’s most ambitious constitutions, allowing for ethnic federalism, decentralization and democratic reforms. The constitution has been highly controversial and many of ... more

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Advances in African and Arab Science Journalism: Capacity Building and New Newsroom Structures Through Digital Peer-To-Peer Support

Jan Lublinski, Inka Reichert, Augustin Denis, Jean-Marc Fleury, Olfa Labassi, Christoph Spurk

African Journalism Studies, volume 35, issue 2 (2014), pp. 4-22

"Journalists who regularly cover science, health, environment and technology in Africa and the Arab world face a number of difficulties: Lack of elementary resources for journalistic research, and newsroom environments that are not always supportive of specialised reporting. Also a need for capacity ... more

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Overview of Information Literacy Resources Worldwide

Forest Woody Horton (ed.)

Paris: UNESCO, 2nd ed. (2014), 668 pp.

"We are very, very pleased to advise you that we have added dozens of new languages to our multilingual database, more than doubling the 42 which appeared in the first edition. At the same time, we are very happy to report that there is a great deal of interest in maintaining this database as an imp ... more

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The Political Economic History of the Introduction of Television in Kenya

George Ngugi King'ara

African Journalism Studies, volume 35, issue 3 (2014), pp. 73-86

"This article explores the factors surrounding the introduction of television broadcasting in Kenya, and those issues that have historically instigated how television producers in Kenyan television conceptualise audiences. It highlights that the political economic legacy of the beginnings of broadca ... more

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The Use of ICTs and Mobilisation in the Age of Parallel Media – an Emerging Fifth Estate? A Case Study of Nafeer's Flood Campaign in the Sudan

Maha Bashri

African Journalism Studies, volume 35, issue 2 (2014), pp. 75-91

"On 1 August 2013, heavy rains in the Sudan triggered flash floods that affected more than 530 000 citizens. The government failed to aid those affected and created a media blackout. More than 12 000 Sudanese volunteers created a horizontal network of citizens participating in a community-led initia ... more

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"They Know Everything We Do": Telecom and Internet Surveillance in Ethiopia

Human Rights Watch (2014), 137 pp.

"[The publication] documents how Ethiopia’s government uses its control over the telecom system to restrict individuals’ rights. Based on over 100 interviews with victims of government abuses, former government officials, and former staff of telecom companies, the report describes the various me ... more