"The trending hashtags analysed in this study all appeared at the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020, when a range of Western media suggested that the African continent would be hit worst. However, as Western nations (such as the US and the UK) struggled under increased disease burden, content s
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uch as the #DontRushChallenge, #DontLeaveMeChallenge and #JerusalemaChallenge kept global social media audiences entertained and aware. These challenges should not be underestimated for their subversion of the idea of what popular narratives Africans can produce and engage in. The fact that a gospel Zulu song became an anthem for collective Covid-19 solidarity and entertainment is significant. Many users would not have understood the words of the song or identified the religious genre it belonged to. But the song's Creolisation of African cultures, through its infusion of Angolan dance techniques created a hybrid African cosmopolitan aesthetic that was easy for others to partake of. Thus emerged a sort of “solidarity from below”, as discussed in the literature review." (Discussion, page 11)
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"Malawi has seen an exponential growth of its media, both in quality and quantity. For example, there were only two broadcasting stations at the start of the 1990s, while Malawi has increased this over the years to 57 radio stations and 14 television broadcasters. Although the plurality of Malawi’
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s media greatly increased, the functioning of the media has still been affected by arrests of media practitioners, outdated laws and other constraints. This report offers an extensive overview of the status of the media in Malawi, based on an assessment of the UNESCO Media Development Indicators (MDIs). It analyses the legal and regulatory framework, the plurality of the media, safety of journalists and other relevant media development indicators, while at same time providing relevant recommendations for all stakeholders involved. The recommendations cover a large number of issues, some notable ones focused on: the conception of self-regulatory systems; the safeguarding of journalists; the introduction of a code for the regulation of advertisement practices; the reform of outdated laws relating to media practitioners." (Short summary)
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"The quality of journalistic reporting in Tanzania reveals a twofold pattern. On the one hand, there is a significant increase in quality in 2022 relative to the quality performance reported in 2019. In fact, the performance in many quality criteria for all media types has improved in terms of multi
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ple sourcing, reporting from more than one perspective, explaining root causes. Nevertheless, these improved performance levels still need further enhancement for tangible benefits to materialise. On the other hand, some areas remain entirely low-key and need drastic changes. In this regard, there are still fewer pieces than 2019 offering opinion and viewpoints (11%), and hardly any media pieces showing opposing viewpoints in the same unit (below 2%). Moreover, few media units (below 4%) express arguments critical of the government. This neglected area should be a source of grave concern and one that requires attention from all and sundry in the media fraternity. The positive development occurred mainly on TV newscasts and programmes. Multiple sourcing, reporting with more perspectives, root causes manifested in 2022 mainly in both TV newscasts and programmes. A notable increase in performance is also evident in radio news, albeit on a lesser scale than on TV. In radio programmes, the performance level has stabilised with no notable upward movement. In contrast, newspapers exhibited a minor positive development. Apparently, some TV and radio stations improved their quality of journalistic reporting at a time when the print sector stagnated." (Executive summary)
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"Westafrika wird in Europa oft undifferenziert als Krisenregion wahrgenommen. Während fundierte Kenntnisse über die Geschichte und Gegenwart der dortigen Staaten vielfach fehlen, halten sich Stereotype über die Ursachen von Flucht und Migration in und aus Westafrika zäh. Der Soziologe Olaf Berna
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u beleuchtet die historischen und sozioökonomischen Wurzeln der Migration, die in den westafrikanischen Gesellschaften eine lange und positive Tradition aufweise. Diese habe sich durch die Erfahrungen der Sklaverei und der Kolonialzeit, durch Bürgerkrieg und Terrorismus, ökonomische Fehlentwicklungen der Globalisierung, unpassende Entwicklungsprogramme sowie durch den Klimawandel die migrantischen Traditionen Westafrikas und ihre Dynamiken verändert, was diesseits des Mittelmeers weithin nicht verstanden werde. Solange sich Europa gegenüber Westafrika einem fundierten Verständnis der komplexen Fluchtursachen verweigere, sei eine Beruhigung der Lage dort nicht zu erwarten." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Cet ouvrage s’intéresse aux relations qu’entretiennent les GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft) et les médias en Afrique. Il aborde tout d’abord les réseaux sociaux numériques comme terrains d’amplifi cation et de transformation de diffusion de l’information et questionn
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e leur utilisation pour la diffusion de fausses informations et la remise en cause de la légitimité des médiateurs traditionnels de l’information. Il se consacre ensuite aux relations entretenues sur les plans éditorial, socioéconomique et sociotechnique par les plateformes et les médias, et y observe un certain opportunisme des médias et une domination des plateformes. Enfi n, il s’intéresse au rôle joué par l’État à travers la régulation et les nouvelles lois qui intègrent les médias numériques mais mettent aussi en lumière les diffi cultés liées à l’implémentation d’un véritable cadre régulatoire." (Dos de couverture)
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"Ce livre est un hommage à Marie-Soleil Frère, directrice de recherches au FNRS et enseignante à l'ULB. Il retrace le parcours académique d'une intellectuelle hors pair, impliquée à la fois dans la recherche, l'enseignement et la coopération en Afrique subsaharienne francophone. Lire la suite
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Durant 30 ans, elle a inlassablement étudié et questionné les journalistes et leurs médias notamment en Mauritanie, au Bénin, au Niger, au Tchad, au Rwanda, au Burundi, en République démocratique du Congo et, bien sûr, au Burkina Faso, sa seconde patrie. Elle a analysé leur rôle de témoins tout autant que d'acteurs de la vie politique et nous lègue un regard juste et complexe sur les dynamiques médiatiques, politiques, sociales et économiques du continent. Le livre réunit des recherches scientifiques tout à fait inédites mais aussi un grand nombre d'interventions de collaborateurs et collaboratrices, chercheurs et chercheuses, doctorants et doctorantes, amis et journalistes qui l'ont connue et appréciée. Tous réunis, à la croisée de la science et de l'hommage, ces textes retracent son parcours de vie impressionnant et passionnant et abordent les problématiques et enjeux cruciaux auxquels elle a consacré une énergie hors du commun. Ils dévoilent la trajectoire unique d'une chercheuse de terrain dévouée à l'Afrique et à ses journalistes. Son travail continuera d'éclairer non seulement les chercheurs, mais également toute personne qui s'intéresse au journalisme et à l'Afrique ou qui souhaite porter un regard critique sur la vision paternaliste sous-jacente à nombreux projets de coopération." (Dos du livre)
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"This study examines racism, antisemitism, and xenophobia on Facebook and Twitter. The authors were looking for patterns in the mass of posts, tweets, and images that circulate on social media. To do this, they focused on a series of case studies. These demonstrate that political discussion on socia
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l media is often dominated by angry and loud voices who too often seem to press the 'send button' before thinking of the consequences, or, in some cases, deliberately aim to sow discord and division." (Foreword)
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"This study analyses the impacts of COVID-19 and its associated public policy responses on digital and intersectional inequality in South Africa from a demand-side perspective. The overarching research question it seeks to address is: To what extent were people in South Africa able to mitigate the n
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egative (health and economic) effects of the pandemic and lockdowns through digital substitution? It draws on the results of a national phone questionnaire of 1 400 randomly selected respondents and the findings from six focus groups of men and women from urban and rural areas to examine the levels of digital substitution in relation to work, schooling and economic activity (such as banking, e-commerce and online business). It also investigates how digital substitution enabled access to social protection and COVID-19 relief. Finally, it discusses how public and infrastructure policies could be optimised for post-pandemic recovery and future policies." (Executive summary)
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"This paper examines the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Nigerian journalists towards safety protocols especially within security and COVID-19 in Nigeria. The study adopted the survey methodology and relied on questionnaire as instrument of primary data collection. The population of the study
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was 305 journalists under the Nigerian Union of Journalists (NUJ) in Abia and Ebonyi State. Sample size was 152 with 80 and 72 respondents chosen from Ebonyi and Abia State chapters respectively using Quota sampling technique. Data analysis utilized percentages, and tables. Findings show that 47.4% of the respondents have had threat of job loss from their employers while 80% consider job loss and threat to life as the most serious safety issues confronting Nigerian journalists. On safety training, 64.5% have no specific safety training; 57.9% of those who have safety training sponsored themselves, Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs), sponsored 42.1% while 97.4% believe that classroom safety training does not satisfy the needs of Nigerian Journalists. All the journalists take personal safety measures to protect themselves with 39.5% using self-censorship and 48% hiding their identities. All (100%) agreed that government was not doing enough to guarantee the safety of journalists in Nigeria. The paper recommends stricter enforcement of laws guaranteeing safety of journalists and greater emphasis on safety training by employers and journalism training institutions in Nigeria." (Abstract)
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"The gains made by African women publishers need to be safeguarded and consolidated, however it is still not straightforward for women to publish. We shall no doubt see more women publishers establishing and heading publishing houses. …There are issues, relevant across the board in Africa, includi
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ng traditions, cultures and prejudices mitigating against women’s participation in decision making. This includes the publishing field. … Women writers and publishers, we are well aware that nothing is given, and we have to keep demanding and putting one foot in front of the other in the publishing world. I see women like me who began to publish to fill a gap and are now bringing in other people as changing ways‘things have always been done’, and giving new vocabulary to define a new world of ‘this is the way things are now being done." (Abstract)
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"Researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) led a two-year investigation into the online media ecosystem of al-Shabaab and the Islamic State in Africa, analyzing the role of “independent news” outlets and their intersections with hundreds-strong networks of amplifier profiles on F
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acebook linked to a number of central pages identifying themselves as “media outlets” or “media personalities” operating in Somali, Kiswahili and Arabic. Researchers found that the network of support for al-Shabaab and Islamic State extended across several platforms, including decentralized messaging applications such as Element and RocketChat, and encrypted messaging platforms such as Telegram, as well as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook. A qualitative cross-platform analysis showed the most active, networked, and multilingual ecosystem of support for al-Shabaab and the Islamic State existed on Facebook, where profiles and pages classified as “media outlets” were sharing terrorist content openly and eschewing private groups and profiles. The content that ISD researchers observed through the networks is often linked to “media” and “media personality” pages in Somali, Kiswahili and Arabic, and not only violates the platform’s community guidelines, but also points to language moderation blind spots that have been previously documented by journalists as well as whistleblowers." (Publisher description)
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"The freedom of expression and Journalists* safety, as well as other media practitioners have become an issue of debate on press freedom and the working condition of reporters following untoward development on the media space which has become a preoccupation with journalism professional organization
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s. Thus, the study aimed at evaluating the freedom of expression and safety of journalists in Nigeria. In order to achieve the aim of the study, qualitative research approach was used as the most tenable means of getting valuable data for this study. Both primary and secondary data were employed. Secondary data came through documentary evidence and literature review, while primary data came through in-depth Interview and focus group discussion which were selected as veritable instruments for gathering relevant data. A sample size of 100 respondents in FCT, Abuja was drawn using purposive sampling technique. Descriptive analysis was carried out with the use of pie chart. The findings of the study revealed that as much as journalists are aware thattheir safety is the freedom the press has to take into cognizance for them to performtheir professional task without fear or intimidation, they also perceive that journalists* safety is a phenomenon that is not achievable because of fundamental societal encumbrances. The findings also indicate that a good number of journalists have been assaulted, arrested, killed, and many have had their rights to freedom of expression violated. The study concluded that the issue of safety and protection of journalists in Nigeria must be given adequate concern since the rate at which journalists lose their lives in trying to serve human needs on what is happening in the societyand which is an alarming proportion. More so, there is need for media houses in Nigeria to have safety policies that will guarantee the smooth operation and safety of journalists. The study recommended training and retraining of journalists on safety strategies in order to create awareness on safety tips for journalists. The study also recommended that media organizations in Nigeria should gear up efforts in protecting the rights and lives of journalists." (Abstract)
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"La recherche révèle que dynamiques intra et interprofessionnelles et relationnelles font émerger des journalismes aux visées ambigües et contrastées. D’une part, des accommodements politiques et financiers formels et informels mêlant sanctions non dites et récompenses conduisent certains
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journalistes à la pratique d’un journalisme de service assimilable au journalisme d’État expérimenté dans les décennies 1960-1990. D’autre part, des formes de résistance au journalisme d’État apparaissent faisant naître par moments des velléités d’un renouveau voire d’une révolution médiatique. Ce journalisme affranchi se définit comme un journalisme d’information n’ayant pour seules références éditoriales que les règles sacro-saintes du métier et l’intérêt général. In fine, le microcosme ‘’médias publics’’ évolue dans un environnement qui le contraint à une identité éditoriale ambigüe : il n’est ni un média de service public ni un média d’État stricto sensu." (Dos de couverture)
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"Trust in the news has fallen in almost half the countries in our survey, and risen in just seven, partly reversing the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, around four in ten of our total sample (42%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the countr
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y with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while news trust in the USA has fallen by a further three percentage points and remains the lowest (26%) in our survey.
• Consumption of traditional media, such as TV and print, declined further in the last year in almost all markets (pre-Ukraine invasion), with online and social consumption not making up the gap. While the majority remain very engaged, others are turning away from the news media and in some cases disconnecting from news altogether. Interest in news has fallen sharply across markets, from 63% in 2017 to 51% in 2022.
• Meanwhile, the proportion of news consumers who say they avoid news, often or sometimes, has increased sharply across countries. This type of selective avoidance has doubled in both Brazil (54%) and the UK (46%) over the last five years, with many respondents saying news has a negative effect on their mood. A significant proportion of younger and less educated people say they avoid news because it can be hard to follow or understand – suggesting that the news media could do much more to simplify language and better explain or contextualise complex stories.
• In the five countries we surveyed after the war in Ukraine had begun, we find that television news is relied on most heavily – with countries closest to the fighting, such as Germany and Poland, seeing the biggest increases in consumption. Selective news avoidance has, if anything, increased further – likely due to the difficult and depressing nature of the coverage.
• Global concerns about false and misleading information remain stable this year, ranging from 72% in Kenya and Nigeria to just 32% in Germany and 31% in Austria. People say they have seen more false information about Coronavirus than about politics in most countries, but the situation is reversed in Turkey, Kenya, and the Philippines, amongst others." (Summary, page 10)
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"Tanzania has exercised authority on digital avenues in three main vital ways:
• Surveillance: Data governance in Tanzania has been one area that has had fewer restrictions as there are still laws that adequately speak to things such as data protection and privacy. However, laws such as the Cyberc
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rime Act provide government agencies with leeway to access certain things when it suits them.
• Internet censorship: Tanzania’s first internet shutdown happened in 2020 and did not come as a surprise, as the country had already shown red flags in terms of internet censorship. The control and regulation of who and what content is allowed online have prompted many to believe that Tanzania is on the verge of building a replica of China’s Great Firewall that will keep the space regulated and stirred by the government’s agenda.
• Legislating restrictions: This is used to constrain freedom of expression and curb speech. Press freedom has been stifled through laws, citizen journalism has been taxed, and free speech has been tagged as sedition or misinformation. It is clearing the path for the government to have the upper hand in controlling narratives and polarising opinions." (Executive summary)
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"Sauver l'Afrique, c'est aussi soigner son image. La métaphore du selfie, de l'autoportrait doit nous inspirer. Les chrétiens africains ont un rôle particulier, d'annoncer de bonnes nouvelles à l'Afrique et de l'Afrique. Je publie ce recueil de textes à l'occasion de mes quarante ans de pratiqu
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e de la radiodiffusion et des trente ans de collaboration avec Radio Vatican comme correspondant du service français-Afrique (autrefois Rendez-vous avec l'Afrique)." (Auteur)
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"The stories in this AFSA Barefoot Guide show that African farmers, long seen as victims, are beginning to implement lasting, sustainable solutions to the climate crisis in Africa. Indeed, they are examples that could well be followed by all farmers. Through agroecology practices, not only can they
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naturally adapt to the inevitable and growing harm of the climate crisis, but they can also make significant contributions to its mitigation. AFSA stands fully behind farmers, pastoralists, fisherfolk and all who support them in learning and working together, so that not only can they survive the climate emergency, but thrive." (Welcome, page vi)
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"This report examines at Kenyan news media coverage of the 2022 elections, focusing on four key publications, nine television stations, 11 radio stations, and three digital media channels. The report further pays particular attention to the coverage of the four presidential candidates, focusing on w
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ho appeared on the front pages of the newspapers, the volume of coverage on each of them, how much space or airtime was dedicated to each candidate across the three media platforms monitored, and the tone of coverage of the contenders. Finally, conclusions and recommendations are shared." (Introduction)
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