"This essay argues against reducing the recent history of global television to an oversimplified transition between ‘statist’ and ‘consumerist’ dispensations. As apparently irreconcilable ideologies of television, the statist and consumerist models represent two ways of imagining the relatio
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n between the deployment of media and the project of modernity. Despite their surface differences, both share a tendency to imagine television in primarily ‘representative’ rather than ‘constitutive’ terms: they both evaluate television according to its ability to represent or address supposedly pre-existing publics, as opposed to its power to help constitute those very publics. I develop the question of the constitutive potential of television by reconsidering a decade of Indian television history – the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s – that is generally dismissed as a transitional phase between statist and consumerist paradigms. Through a discussion that is empirically grounded in the Indian experience, I propose categories that might inform comparative explorations of media and modernity in an age of globalization." (Abstract)
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"Despite the enthusiasm for community-owned radio, a movement which has been steadily gaining pace since the implementation of new legislation of 2006, we are yet to find an understanding of who the community is in community radio. Through an extended case study, this analysis shows how “community
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participation” is constantly shifting. It presents three arguments: “community” is not a discrete entity; communities are dynamic; and communities are cognitive constructs." (Introduction)
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"The Community Radio Support Centre (CRSC) at the Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) assessed the performance of 15 community radios based on the Community Radio Performance Assessment System (CR-PAS) in 2012. The assessment was a first full-fledged test after a successful piloted the
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system in 2011. The radio stations were provided with organization development (OD) support to address to the findings of the pilot assessment. The OD support provided the stations with advice and mentoring on improving their structures, systems and processes to meet the requirement of community radios [...] None of the 15 stations scored enough to be included in ‘model community radio’ category, three qualified as ‘performing’, four as progressing, two as evolving, and six as ‘endeavoring’. If the previous assessment is taken as the baseline then the overall performance of the stations increased - from 44 to 48 - in six months and after the OD input. There has been an upward movement of the stations in terms of categories, as shown by reduction of number of stations in the endeavoring category and increase in the performing category. This suggests that frequent assessments such as this can encourage the stations to improve performance." (Executive summary)
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90 Indian community radio stations present their background, programming focuses, lessons learned and contact details.
"Gender is a significant dimension in community radio (CR) initiatives that are seeking to deploy communication technologies for social change in general and empowerment of women in particular. CR not only provides an opportunity for women’s access to information, but, more significantly, also all
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ows them to challenge the culturally disempowering gender norms and come out of a condition of silence. By examining the opportunities for and challenges facing women who participate in CR, this paper offers insights into how CR has the potential to recast the dominant and gendered public sphere. The authors look at the CR movement, policy and practice in India and how it is endeavouring to shape the mediascape. Examples of women’s participation in two CR stations – Sangham Radio and Radio Namaskar – is analyzed to foreground their gaining a ‘voice’ that matters in the public sphere. Obstacles that hinder the empowerment process are outlined and recommendations to enhance the inclusion of women in CR are proposed." (Abstract)
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"About half of the community radios have set their Strategic Plan and Annual Budget System in place. Out of eight such institutional documents, the majority of radios have at least six of them and fewer of them are yet to set these frameworks. Radios are found to be socially inclusive. Though there
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is unavailability of the comparable database of the compositions of the ethnicities in each respective community which respective community radio represents, the present engagement of the people in terms of their roles and responsibilities in organization's governing bodies as well as in operational staff human resource category, clearly shows that the radios have been able to demonstrate diverse ethnic representation in all their organizational bodies." (Executive summary)
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"In this case study, I have studied three community radio stations- RS in Nepal, KCR in Sri Lanka and SCR in New Zealand- investigating how the radio management policies are positively or negatively, affecting community access and participation. The study shows that in their effort to stay economica
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lly sustainable, the three stations are gradually evolving as a ‘hybrid’; something that sits in-between community and commercial radio. Consequently, programmes that are produced by the local community are often replaced by programmes that are produced by full-time paid staff; and they are more entertaining in nature and accommodate more advertisements. The radio stations also actively seek the sale of airtime to wellfunded NGOs, giving agency-driven programmes priority over local community programmes. This means the stations have become vehicles that help agency objectives. Hence, although ‘hybrid’ initiatives have merits financially, while depicting as local community representatives, they are marginalising the voices and interests of the very people that gave the radio stations their community characteristics and identity. Hence, in the interest of earning more revenue to secure market survival, the ‘hybrid’ initiatives are in fact, settling for a lesser community role." (Abstract)
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"This article reflects on a digital storytelling project undertaken for research, communication, and advocacy purposes in Bangladesh. The project trained young women from different regions of the country to make digital stories about their everyday struggles and journeys of personal growth. Excerpts
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from selected digital stories are shared to highlight how these short films can be used to understand struggles against class and gender hierarchies, sexual harassment, and the need to establish full citizenship rights for minority groups. The article makes a case for digital stories as a new methodology for doing and communicating research. It also sheds light on the nature of the technology itself and confronts the limitations and dilemmas that were faced, particularly with regard to authenticity and representation." (Abstract)
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Examining Bangladesh’s booming and dynamic media sector, this report finds that there is an increasing tendency for political discourse to be based around personality rather than policy.
This report documents some very significant differences in how media companies in different countries have fared over the last decade, examining six affluent democracies (Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States) as well as two emerging economies (Brazil and India).
"Afghanische Journalisten sind weit davon entfernt, unabhängig arbeiten zu können. Ihre Etats kommen aus dem Westen, aus Pakistan oder Iran. Die Kritik daran wächst." (Seite 22)
"This report [is] the first compilation of the global data on how women in developing countries access and use the Internet. I am convinced this report provides key insights for policy makers, the development community and industry. Based on interviews and surveys of 2,200 women in developing countr
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ies, as well as interviews with experts and a review of existing literature, this report found that, on average, 23 percent fewer women than men are online in developing countries. This represents 200 million fewer women than men who are online today. In some regions, the size of the gap exceeds 40 percent. In addition, in many regions, the Internet gender gap reflects and amplifies existing inequalities between the sexes. We know that many women who use the Internet derive profound benefits through it, including economic and educational opportunities, a community of support, and career prospects. As the report indicates, expanding Internet access for women would also provide a significant boost to national income." (Foreword)
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