"The importance of communication in the information age cannot be overstated. Nor can the fact that in this enterprise, journalists and media owners play a pivotal role. For this reason, a directory which takes stock of the status of print and broadcast media in each Asian country and lists all the
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major media outlets operating in this region is a welcome source. The second publication of the Media Directory by the Asia Media Programme of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung is expanded to include not only the ASEAN countries as in the first edition, but also China, India, Korea and Taiwan." (Publisher description)
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"The specific objectives of the study were to: find out the source, means and condition of information; obtain some information on the condition of education; find out condition and practices related to caste and ethnicity; obtain some information on people's belief in tradition and superstition; ob
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tain information on economic aspects of household; find out pattern of use of technology in everyday life; obtain information on community activities and affair; find out the existing situation, attitude and practice in relation to gender; obtain information on situation of health; and find out the mode of people's participation in politics. [...] All data on the basis of which analyses have been made are primary which have been obtained from the field. The people inhabiting the areas that are covered by Radio Palung constituted the sole source of data required to meet the research objectives laid above. The villages covered were Palung, Daman, Chitlang and Bajrabarahi from Makawanpur district. In this research, population of active age and households in the above mentioned four villages constitutes the universe. Five hundred households, which is approximately 20% of the total households, were taken as samples. From each household, one person was chosen as respondents and interviewed. It is to be noted that only the owner of households were chosen as samples, and domestic servants, hired laborers, married daughters and people living in rent were excluded." (Introduction, page 2-3, method of study, page 6)
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"Traditional indigenous education and its structures should be respected and supported. Our knowledge has not been written down by us – on the contrary: we dance it, we draw it, we narrate it, we sing it, we practise it. There is a need for a deeper understanding of what knowledge and learning are
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and the many paths that lead to them. This is in line with what was observed by the Delors Commission: Western formal education systems tend to emphasize the acquisition of knowledge to the detriment of other types of learning (UNESCO, 1997). I believe that indigenous peoples can contribute significantly both to our own education systems and to the renewal of education systems of other peoples. We need to: establish effective arrangements for the participation of indigenous parents and community members in decisions regarding the planning, delivery and evaluation of education services for their children, young people and other community members; increase the number of indigenous people employed as education administrators, teachers, coaches, curriculum advisers, teachers assistants, home-school liaison officers and other education workers, including community people engaged in teaching indigenous culture, history and contemporary society, and indigenous languages; provide education and training services to develop the skills of indigenous people to participate in educational decision-making; develop arrangements for the provisions of independent advice from indigenous communities regarding educational decisions at all levels; and to achieve the participation of indigenous children, young people and adults in education for a period similar to that for other students." (Preface, page 7-8)
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"It has been found that overwhelming respondents from various social groups and occupation rely on "people" for local information. The Katuwali still constitutes a means of information for a sizeable portion of population. For national and international news, radio and television are among the major
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means. The possession of radio increases with increase in literacy. The Radio Nepal has the greatest number of listeners. The 6-8 am, 6-8 pm and 8-10 pm are the times during which the radio is listened by a great many people. The subjects that are preferred by the listeners are news and folk and dohari music. In the study area, only 31% of the household possess television set. It was found that no local newspaper is published from the area and also that there is no any public place or center where people could read newspapers. Moreover, the size of the regular reader of the regional and national newspaper is dismally small. Female lags behind the male in reading the newspapers. It was found that children school going age of a sizable portion of families do not go to school. The frequency of failing in exam is remarkably high; the children of 31% parents respondents have failed in school exam [...]" (Summary, page 104)
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"This book aims to record political activism on the Internet and "take stock of some of the successes and failures of cyberactivists as they try to beat the various censorship regimes in Asia." The sections of this 664-page book comprise of 'Political Frameworks & New Technology', 'Regulations and C
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ontrol', 'One Party States', 'Alternative Media', 'Civil Society', 'Diaspora Communities', and 'Political Parties'. The book's 18 chapters provide an overview of current trends in democracy related new media research to country-specific case studies. "The common thread running through the book is the organizing of civil society groups at the grassroots level, and how they are influencing certain segments of their respective countries, and even challenging state control and the monopoly of mainstream media." Asian Cyberactivism strives to examine political organising online in Asia even as the technology and the rules change. Activists provide their perspectives on how new media relates to democracy, and showcase examples that could be emulated to further the cause of democracy." (Communication Initiative)
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"This book examines the importance of participatory video as a catalyst for development. It shows how powerful video images have been used to promote changes in attitudes and social behaviour, helping communities identify development solutions that are within their reach. Video has been used to reac
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h policymakers, to empower women and to rescue the culture and heritage of indigenous people. As a mediation tool, the power of video has been used to resolve conflicts, achieve consensus and find common ground for collective action. This book brings together practical information on innovative experiences with the use of participatory video." (Publisher description)
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"This book has been written as a tool for people involved or interested in communication and natural resource management who seek a better understanding of how different theories and strategic change principles relate to actual practise. It is not, however, a book of theory nor is it an argument for
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one approach over another. Instead, it relates a variety of theories and change principles in simplified, almost schematic form, to a series of real initiatives in the field through interactive «experiences». It asks that the reader become a participant in a process that requires reading and analysing each initiative using different theoretical lenses. Each «experience» is organised around a theme, a learning objective, a description of an actual natural resource management and communication initiative, and one or two theoretical lenses through which to analyse the initiative. As you work through each «experience», you will be asked questions about the theory and change principles and how they relate to the initiative. The idea is not to «discover» the right approach but rather to create an interactive space that enables you to reflect on what might work in your own context and also on how different contexts may require different approaches, principles and theoretical frameworks." (Introduction)
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"In the case of media assistance in Afghanistan, financial and organizational resources originate almost exclusively from Western donors and INGOs, which largely bypass the Afghan Government. Organizations within the funding chain thus hold a functional form of power arising from the deployment of a
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llocative resources and it enables them to attempt an instigation of social change in Afghanistan. According to the notion of power associated with Talcott Parson, a functional form of power requires coordination and collaboration in order to achieve collective goals within a political process. However, conflicts may arise in Afghanistan if collective goals diverge among the various foreign and domestic participants involved in altering the media space. This could occur if the various participants do not envision the outcome of media assistance objectives as a zero-sum game. Additionally, Giddens asserts that Parson underestimates the contestation of the norms necessary to pursue collective goals in the first place. Even though the Afghan Government and international donors purportedly agree on the installation of a democracy with a free and independent media, they still need to overcome resistance from existing power holders or entrenched structural properties impeding such a development. In the context of Afghanistan, it is very conceivable that media assistance could prompt intentional or even unintentional consequences caused by social actors discontent with the normative values and goals promulgated by media assistance. Such unintentional conditions may render the desired outcomes of media assistance providers impossible and undermine the desired social transformation. It is erroneous, though, to apply a positivist view that judges the success or failure of media assistance according to the outcome of the flux between structure and interaction alluded to in chapter four. In fact, such a view would be contrary to the propositions of structuration theory that imply a lack of definable boundaries in which structure and interaction intermingles. Equally wrong is to evaluate the media assistance effort by funding amounts contributed by donors, even though financial resources are a pre-requisite for rebuilding the media infrastructure. Instead, media assistance can be conceived as a form of empowerment that imbues a target society with a collective consciousness concerning its ability to alter structural properties, which represent forms of power and domination according to Giddens. The success of media assistance therefore is to produce a collective awareness that individuals can influence the structural properties of a social system, regardless of the direction of change emanating from the mediation of structure and action. The process of change requires not only the acquisition of functional power through allocative resources, but also the acquisition of transformative power by means of controlling authoritative resources, which are involved in the coordination of a social system. Afghans need to control the actors or institutions that selectively filter information in order to reflexively “regulate the overall conditions of system reproduction either to keep things as they are or to change them” (Giddens, 1984, page 27). Yet, it remains unresolved to what extent media assistance has provided Afghans with transformative power and whether or not it allows them to influence the underlying forces that mediate the structural properties in society." (Conclusions, page 39-40)
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