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Die Medien in Osteuropa: Mediensysteme im Transformationsprozess

Marc Stegherr, Kerstin Liesem

Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften (2010), 374 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2009: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2009), xix, 285 pp.

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South East and Central Europe Media Handbook 2009. Vol. 1
Top Insights

Oliver Vujovic, Radomir Licina (eds.)

Vienna: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2009), 1325 pp.

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Kosovo and the Media

Marko Trosanovski, Tome Smilevski (eds.)

Skopje: Macedonian Institute for Media (2008), 261 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2008: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Leon Morse (ed.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2008), xxi, 276 pp.

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Ten Years of Media Support to the Balkans: An Assessment
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Aaron Rhodes

Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2007), 47 pp.

"From 1995 to 2005, the international community provided significant support to media in the Western Balkans. Based on a meta-analysis of 37 project reports and interviews with a broad range of media experts, this study finds that direct support to independent media was a key factor in helping the c ... more

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Freedom of Speech in South East Europe: Media Independence and Self-Regulation

Sofia: Media Development Center;South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2007), 613 pp.

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Operation Balkan: Werbung für Krieg und Tod

Jörg Becker, Mira Beham

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2006), 130 pp.

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Media Sustainability Index 2003: Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia

Mark Whitehouse, Theo Dolan (eds.)

Washington, DC: IREX (2004), xxi, 277 pp.

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Montenegro Media Assessment and Evaluation of USAID Media Interventions: Final Report

ARD Inc.

Washington, DC: USAID (2004), 30 pp. + annexes

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Media Landscape of South East Europe 2002

Sofia: ACCESS-Sofia Foundation (2003), 230 pp.

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Spreading the Word on the Internet: 16 Answers to 4 Questions. Reflections on Freedom of the Media and the Internet. Amsterdam Conference, June 2003

Christiane Hardy, Christian Möller (eds.)

Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2003), 224 pp.

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Media in South Eastern Europe: Legislation, Professionalism and Associations

Yasha Lange et al.

Amsterdam: Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Media Task Force (2003), 56 pp.

"This document contains reports written by Media Working groups in nine countries in November 2003. The reports describe the media landscape and provide information on media legislation, journalistic professionalism, media associations and donor activities. The sections on the media landscape provid ... e a quick picture of the media in South Eastern Europe today: a high number of media outlets but far fewer sustainable and genuinely independent ones, virtually no direct governmental control but remaining influence in several key areas and a generally difficult transformation process of former state broadcasters. The information on media legislation reveals both progress and remaining difficulties. Defamation laws are strict, usually not in line with European standards and regularly abused, leading to many pending court cases and high fines. Access to Information laws are adopted in five countries, but implementation is problematic. Broadcast legislation is frequently debated and revised, regulatory bodies are insufficiently independent and public broadcasters require additional safeguarding against political influence. Professionalism is a concern. By no means only due to a lack of training, of which there has been a lot in the past years, but particularly due to structural problems. Journalists often work without proper contracts, affecting their position. They are generally low-paid and skilled people leave the profession. Young and cheap employees, sometimes preferred by owners, do not feel in a position to oppose influence on editorial policy. Lack of resources impact on quality, as there is little or no money for investigative reporting or domestic production of quality television programs. And in several cases, links between media owners and political parties affect the editorial independence. Media associations and watchdog organizations have proven tremendously important in defending press freedom and promoting quality. Several countries have seen the growth of professional and respected institutions, while in others the associations are divided, small and have limited credibility among journalists. Effective unions are generally lacking, training institutions have improved with outside support and press freedom organizations have increased strength and influence but are seeking sustainability. Finally, brief information is provided on donor assistance – much more is available in the Overview on support to the media in SEE, also prepared by the Media Task Force. Overall, outside assistance has made a great and positive difference in improving the diversity, quality and sustainability of the media. Suggestions for future support include the further strengthening of associations, in-house training rather than seminars, work on drafting and implementing media legislation (e.g. revising defamation clauses) and support to investigative journalism and domestic television production." (Overview, page 2) more