"This article aims to assess the activities of Kingfisher FM, a faith-based community radio station, and its contribution to development in Port Elizabeth and its environs. A qualitative data collection method, in the form of group interviews, was used to collect data. The analysis of data indicates
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that a number of opportunities for audience participation are provided by the station. Thus, it was found to operate as a Christian radio station according to its licence and for its defined target audience. Within the framework of audience participation, however, Kingfisher FM also functions as a medium for development in that it involves its audience in a variety of operational, planning and programme design activities, which provide audience-specific input and thus help to ensure that the programme content remains closely informed by audience realities." (Abstract)
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"This collection of essays and interviews offers perspectives on traumatic experience from the social and public side of the equation. Like other books in the Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies Series, it is concerned with redressing the balance of public memory through a focus on what has been negle
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cted or excluded, but traumatic memory poses special problems in this regard. Andrew Hoskins and John Sutton, the series editors, suggest that the question of how we remember has become central to historical enquiry, but the question itself is fraught with complexity. Generational change and new technologies of memory are reshaping the ways in which memory works, and the influence of trauma narratives is a factor in this. They pose another question: ‘What is “memory” under such conditions?’ Here, we focus on the distance between traumatic narratives in the public domain, and the experience of traumatic recall in the mind of a person who has been directly affected by extreme events." (Introduction, page 1)
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"O Programa Para Fortalecimento da Mídia, nesta sua terceira edição do relatório de Análise de Género na Mídia Moçambicana, avaliou 13 jornais impressos e electrónicos para identificar o estado da cobertura sobre o tema. Foram quatro a mais que no ano passado. No total, e em números absolu
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tos, 94 peças foram identificadas em 2013. Em 2014, foram 139 reportagens e notícias. Proporcionalmente, considerando o aumento do número de jornais analisados, houve um crescimento de 24% no total de peças publicadas. Dois factores combinados indicam que as questões de género estão sendo tratadas pelos jornalistas de maneira mais sistêmica, ou seja, como um problema nacional e não apenas de algumas localidades. No que diz respeito à abrangência geográfica dos conteúdos, em 2014, o total de peças de caráter nacional mais que triplicou. O segundo factor é que dos quatro critérios observados através da Ferramenta de Análise de Conteúdos (MCAT), utilizada pela IREX, Relevância e Estrutura das peças atingiram o nível quatro, ou bom. Até 2013, a pontuação havia chegado apenas no nível três, aceitável. O aumento no número de artigos classificados pela equipe de monitoria e avaliação da IREX foi de 73%, o que exigiu uma revisão metodológica para dar uniformidade comparativa às 139 peças, das quais 66 foram escolhidas para a análise de conteúdo, com base em critérios objectivos. Há ainda avanços que vão muito além dos números. Tendo em conta o funcionamento das redacções dos jornais, este relatório é um indicativo importante de que houve um amadurecimento na abordagem dada pelos jornalistas ao assunto. Repórteres e editores parecem lançar um olhar mais integrado, no contexto do que o tema representa para o país como um todo, ainda que seja necessário investir cada vez mais para melhorar aspectos como diversidade de fontes e imparcialidade." (Página 3)
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"The UCKG’s phenomenal success in post-apartheid South Africa had been a source of much speculation. Scholars generally attributed the church’s growth to new political and economic processes while the South African media and the church’s critics suspected that the UCKG’s attraction was caref
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ully manipulated by a predatory multinational business. Beyond the structural reasons why the UCKG might be attractive to South Africans, I have paid attention in this chapter to local “cultural” reasons why the church had such wide appeal. I showed that the church’s prosperity gospel and its spiritual warfare provided “answers” that were almost immediately grasped by people in search of religious efficacy. The UCKG’s “answers” were also contingent in ways that converged with local ideas about witchcraft and the flow of prosperity from the spiritual to the material world. Unlike other Christian churches then, the uckg did not offer attendees at its services an escape from the work of evil in the world. Instead, the church depicted Christians as fundamentally constrained because of their situatedness in the world and their fallibility as transactors with their spiritual benefactor. In the UCKG then, people were often told that their blessings would not materialise unless they tithed and sacrificed to God. Although this version of Christianity was arguably less poetic or hopeful than the millenarian promises of other Pentecostal Charismatic Churches, it rang true for many South Africans who remained poor, ill and unhappy despite political liberation. As one of my friends in the church remarked, “They are not new but their message is very strong.”
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"The study finds that there is a general liking for Partenal Guidance (PG) ratings, based on the need to protect the children from harmful and foreign content, as well as to avoid adoption of foreign cultures. However, this does not translate into action in determining viewership decisions, with man
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y parents not able to implement PG ratings. Major gaps remain in the implementation of the PG ratings systems for the country. The understanding and use of ratings by parents, TV stations and regulators is limited, and the guideline remain difficult to use, with TV stations using them but to little impact in the audiences. The challenge is compounded by cut-throat competition by TV stations for audiences. Technology that has changed the methods of access to such content, as well as the social set up also affect the use and effectiveness of PG ratings. Achieving a change of trend requires a change in approach to child programming. This challenge is even bigger for Uganda, a country that boasts of a big young population, and an increasing affinity to watching television, whose numbers are increasing by the day. These challenges can however be addressed; and they need to be addressed. PG ratings is one acceptable way of regulating the kind of TV content that children access to make useful viewing. The study recommends that regulators need to take more responsibility and engage the TV stations as well as the public on the proper use of ratings, through engagement drives. The public, especially the parents, cannot shy away from demanding for proper ratings by the TV stations, and seeking redress for poorly rated content. One other way of resolving the debate is by improving on the availability of only-children content for educational purposes. This
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"This collection takes the study of diasporic communication beyond the level of simply praising its existence, to offering critical engagements and analysis with the systems of journalistic production, process and consumption practices as they relate to people who are living outside the borders of t
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heir birth nation." (Publisher description)
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"Many people in rural areas in Malawi lack access to information due to illiteracy and the unavailability of reliable sources of information. There is also an absence of a proper forum where rural ordinary people can express their views and have their voices heard. However, in communities where ther
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e are community radio stations, the stations are helping create spaces for ordinary people to participate in public life by setting up radio listening clubs (RLCs). This article examines how RLCs offer ordinary people opportunities for mediated participation in public debate and for self-representation. Based on face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, the article argues that the organization of listeners into RLCs by community radio stations enables ordinary people to receive and discuss crucial information and hold debate on issues of interest. As such, the RLCs possess some characteristics of the public sphere; hence the reference to them as alternative public spheres." (Abstract)
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"It is my pleasure to introduce this report on the contribution of International Media Support and our partners to important changes in the Zimbabwean media sector over the past decade. Impact—or ‘contribution towards change’ as we term it in this report— is often an elusive, hard-to-illustr
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ate product of our combined efforts as media development organisations, donors and partners in the contexts in which we work. But, as this report and the methodology behind it hopefully demonstrate, it is not impossible to document and communicate impact in an illustrative and accessible way. First launched in 2005, the Zimbabwe Media Programme’s support to Zimbabwe’s media workers and media institutions, has grown gradually and organically over the years. As this report details, one of the more notable changes that the programme has successfully contributed towards, is the inclusion of improved freedom of expression and access to information provisions in Zimbabwe’s 2013 constitution. Through a national strategy for the development of the country’s media driven by the needs and demands of media sector stakeholders, this successful contribution built on a solid foundation of close collaboration between media and civil society inside the country as well as among international media development actors and donors outside it. It reflects a real-world manifestation of key aid effectiveness principles that include national ownership, alignment, harmonisation and mutual accountability. Principles that IMS, our partners and our donors strive for so that we may improve the quality, and indeed further the impact, of our combined efforts. Despite the successful work of the Zimbabwe Media Programme, plenty of challenges lie ahead. In February 2015, nearly two years after Zimbabwe’s new constitution was approved full of democratic promises, the vast majority of its new provisions had still not been implemented through law or practice. To deepen the existing results of the work of the Zimbabwe Media Programme and to further the democratic reform of the media sector overall, everyone involved needs to be ready to leverage the opportunities that arrive as the social, political and economic landscape in the country continues to evolve. That means we must continue to support the critical work of our media and civil society partners in Zimbabwe so that they are ready to seize new opportunities to expand on the democratic gains they have worked so hard to achieve." (Foreword)
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"This ethnographic study used focus group discussions to investigate and gather ideographical information about why statistics from the Nankumba region of Mangochi in Malawi, where, from 2008 to 2010, Farm Radio International implemented the African Farm Radio Research Initiative (AFRRI) - a meticul
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ously and almost flawlessly planned hybrid maize variety promotion radio campaign - consistently showed that farmers preferred local to the promoted hybrid maize varieties before, during, and after the participatory community radio campaigns. The study found that in determining which maize varieties to opt for, farmers consider not only volume of yield per unit area but also taste, smell, flour extraction rate, and storability of the maize. The study further observes that preference of local maize varieties over hybrid is not restricted to rural farmers. Thus, farmer exposure to and participation in radio campaigns may increase awareness and knowledge as did the AFRRI campaign, but may not necessarily lead the farmers and consumers into adopting new maize varieties, technologies or innovations." (Abstract)
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"This article discusses citizen journalism ethics in crisis settings. It argues for an ontological critique of citizen journalism ethics where the practice must not be judged in relation to the moral taboos of mainstream journalism. Situating citizen journalism within the broader context of liquid m
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odernity and networked practices, the article argues that the practice marks the rise of personalised ethics and morality without ethical codes. Citizen journalism ethics in crisis settings are seen as ambivalent, nascent, fluid, individualised, situational, and sometimes contradictory. The personalisation of ethics also means that professional codes of conduct shift from codes to individual moral impulses in a complex melange of the deontic, virtuous and teleological, that is informed by higher-order ethics of freedom, human rights, social justice, media pluralism and citizen participation. Using case study and discourse analysis methods, the article concludes that citizen journalism represents something that remains deeply futuristic, where ethics are likely to crystallise around deprofessionalised and deinstitutionalised personal responsibilities." (Abstract)
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"Entertainment-education for Health Behaviour Change: Issues and Perspectives in Africa is a collection of essays from some of the leading scholars in entertainment-education, including writers from South Africa, Nigeria, and the United States. Chapters cover a wide range of application and strategi
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es for entertainment-education, from mass media campaigns to participatory communication for behaviour change in health interventions including polio eradication and HIV/AIDS. Through reviews of past programmes and discussions of areas of potential research, these scholars highlight an emerging approach that is set to change health education and behaviour change strategies around the world." (Publisher description)
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"This background paper provides an overview of the history and context of interactive media and public opinion in Zambia. It is prepared as part of Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA) - a collaborative study involving the University of Cambridge, University of Nairobi and University of Z
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ambia. The main objectives of the PiMA project are: (a) to explore the extent to which media interactivity is widening (and deepening) political participation in Africa; (b) to investigate how public opinion is collected and represented by African media and for what (and whose) purposes; and (c) to establish the extent to which public opinion expressed via interactive media affects accountability mechanisms and policy-makers’ behaviour. The primary purpose of this background paper is to provide a political and policy context to the Zambian case study, and introduce the history and context of interactive media in Zambia. The paper is organised into four sections. The first section provides a brief history to the evolution of broadcast media in Zambia. The second section outlines the legal and policy context of broadcasting in Zambia. The third section discusses the state of interactive media in Zambia and its attendant challenges. The fourth section examines the state of public opinion formation through media platforms." (Introduction, page 4)
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"In the process of drafting new media laws for states emerging from violent confl ict, or transitioning towards more democratic governments, the role of customary law is often overlooked. While “best practices” or international standards draw on widely accepted norms of international human right
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s law, they also focus on the experience of media regulation that has emerged in Western countries promoted by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and international actors in the name of “freedom of expression.” The adoption of these norms and regulatory institutions is encouraged, often wholesale, with little attention to the local context." (Page 237)
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"Language is a major tool for governance and dissemination of information. Citizens need to participate effectively in discourse pertaining to their private and public interests and enterprises in order to understand matters of development and governance. The proliferation of vernacular radio statio
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ns in Kenya, which continues despite the absence of state moderating and promotion structures, could be an ideal platform for educating citizens. The aim of this paper is to find out the role that vernacular language as used by Kass FM radio station plays in development. The method that was used for data collection is purposive sampling. The results indicate that, vernacular radio plays a major role in creating awareness among citizens at the grassroots levels through topics revolving around education, agriculture, politics & governance and healthcare. This is done in among other ways through the borrowing and adaptation of technical words from English and Kiswahili. These stations need to be accorded direct government support in terms of diversification of programming and mainstreaming of vernacular language to achieve the Kenyan government developmental benchmarks enumerated in the vision 2030." (Abstract)
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