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Behind Closed Curtains: Disinformation on Messenger Services

Ann Cathrin Riedel

Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 30 pp.

"Several studies analysed in this paper show that messenger services facilitate and exacerbate the spread of disinformation. Any solution must make allowances for the complexity with which information spreads. The case studies show that a lack of trust in government is a key factor in the proliferat ... more

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Internet Shutdown: Is it Violation of Fundamental Right?

Raveena Panicker

Delhi: Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (2020), 11 pp.

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Murders, Harassment and Assault: The Tough Wages of Journalism in Pakistan. Pakistan Press Freedom Report 2019-20

Freedom Network (2020), 15 pp.

"At least 91 cases of attacks and violations against media and its practitioners, including journalists, took place in Pakistan over the course of one year — between May 2019 and April 2020 — signifying a worryingly escalating climate of intimidation and harassment that is adversely affecting th ... more

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Impact of COVID-19 on Journalism in Nepal

Chindu Sreedharan, Einar Thorsen, Laxman Upreti, Shreeman Sharma

Kathmandu: Nepal Press Institute (2020), 26 pp.

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Meta-Review of Evaluations of Development Assistance to Afghanistan, 2008 – 2018

Christoph Zürcher

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) (2020), 39 pp.

"Overall, one finding stands out: the international community has repeatedly overestimated its own capacity and the capacity of its Afghan partners to bring about rapid social change. What has worked best are modest, locally embedded projects with immediate, tangible benefits. What has rarely worked ... are complex projects aimed at building capacity and changing behaviour. More specifically, interventions in basic health and education, and in improving basic livelihoods, led to results. Interventions in building capacity for the administration, or in sectors such as the rule of law or gender, rarely worked. In reading these 148 reports, one also realizes that the international aid community is often not good at learning. Monitoring and evaluation systems are weak, and have hardly improved since 2002. Back in the early 2000s, many donors pointed out that, in order to achieve meaningful and sustainable development, more time was necessary. Fifteen years later, few sustainable results have been achieved, but many donors continue to suggest that better results will still require more time. Few donors appear to have changed their fundamental strategic approach, despite the fact that their own evaluations strongly suggest that many aid programs are neither e cient nor e ective in the Afghan context. In all fairness, the Afghan context is an incredibly challenging one, as these 148 reports vividly remind us on almost every page. The situation on the ground was and still is characterized by a lack of basic security; Afghan partners in government and in civil society lack basic capacities; many entrenched political actors have little interest in real reforms. Despite these challenging conditions, there was since the early days of the international engagement in Afghanistan tremendous political pressure on development actors to rush in and to provide quick results. An additional layer of complexity was added by the fact that the international engagement was from the beginning both a civilian and a military intervention, and planners in headquarters as well as practitioners on the ground had to learn how to cope with the task of civil-military cooperation. Under such circumstances, designing e ective aid programs is a herculean task." (Introduction, page 8) more

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Digital Literacy Key Performance Indicators for Sustainable Development

Danica Radovanovic, Christine Holst, Sarbani Banerjee Belur, Ritu Srivastava, Georges Vivien Houngbonon et al.

Social Inclusion, volume 8, issue 2 (2020), pp. 151-167

"The concept of digital literacy has been defined in numerous ways over the last two decades to incorporate rapid technological changes, its versatility, and to bridge the global digital divide. Most approaches have been technology-centric with an inherent assumption of cultural and political neutra ... more

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Sifting truth from lies in the age of fake news

Ramsha Jahangir et al.

Digital Rights Foundation (DRF) (2020), 60 pp.

"The study's findings, based on survey responses and interviews, point towards the poor quality of fact-checking practices in Pakistani newsrooms and stress the urgent need of introducing media literacy trainings to journalists and media practitioners." (Executive summary)

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Disorder in the Newsroom: The Media's Perceptions and Response to the Infodemic

Amel Ghani, Sadaf Khan

Media Matters for Democracy;Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The research included a survey of 546 journalists along with in-depth interviews of 10 senior reporters and editors in national and international newsrooms based in Pakistan. The survey, aimed at understanding the perception of their ability to identify and counter misinformation, found that almost ... more

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A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India

Andrew M. Guessa, Michael Lernerb, Benjamin Lyonsd, Jacob M. Montgomerye, Brendan Nyhanf, Jason Reiflerg, Neelanjan Sircarh

PNAS, volume 117, issue 27 (2020), 10 pp.

"Using data from preregistered survey experiments conducted around recent elections in the United States and India, we assess the effectiveness of an intervention modeled closely on the world’s largest media literacy campaign, which provided “tips” on how to spot false news to people in 14 cou ... more

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Hamara Internet Online Safety of Young Adults' Curriculum

Shmyla Khan, Muhammad Usman, Seerat Khan

Digital Rights Foundation (DRF);Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 49 pp.

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Safety and Security of Journalists in India: Need for Comprehensive Protective Regulations

Mausumi Bhattacharyya

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 119-142

"Globally, upholders of the fourth pillar of democracy have been consistently exposed to security issues and gender discrimination. Many journalists and media professionals are having to pay with their lives in trying to get information. In spite of nations having constitutionally accepted accordanc ... more

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Dual Journalism Education: Recommendations for the Reform of Journalism Education at State Universities in Afghanistan — in Particular for the Faculty of Journalism and Public Communication at Nangarhar University

Arnulf Kutsch, Kefa Hamidi

Leipzig: University of Leipzig, Institute for Communication and Media Studies, Research Center Development Communication – Communication for Social Change (EC4SC) (2020), 289 pp.

"A dual training programme for professional journalism, as has long been practised in various European and non-European countries, does not yet exist in Afghanistan. It aims to combine theory and simulation of practice at institutes of tertiary education through a vocational training course with an ... more

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Reforming Journalism Education on a Tertiary Level in Afghanistan: Recommendations for a Dual Education Model

Kefa Hamidi, Alessandra Brüchner

Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 10, issue 2 (2020), 20 pp.

"The importance of journalism’s role in society is beyond debate. Particularly in so-called fragile states, the social responsibility of media and journalism cannot be denied. Journalism education must account for the high level of skills required by journalists, and the ‘mediation’ function o ... more

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Policy Paper on Draft Protection of Journalists and Media Professionals Bill, 2020

Toby Mandel, Sana Ali

Karachi: Pakistan Press Foundation (PPF) (2020), 46 pp.

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Reporting in Conflict Zones in Pakistan: Risks and Challenges for Fixers

Kiyya Baloch, Kenneth Andresen

Media and Communication, volume 8, issue 1 (2020), pp. 37-46

"As a backbone of reporting in war and conflicts, fixers offer essential assistance to the foreign correspondent in conflict zones, also in Pakistan. With valuable local knowledge and contacts, fixers can arrange travel to secure entry of foreign correspondents into conflict zones in addition to sec ... more

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A Study to Explore the Safety and Professional Challenges Faced by the Field Journalists in Pakistan

Ayesha Siddiqua, Faiza Latif, Imran Muslim

Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review, volume 1, issue 3 (2020), pp. 20-26

"Field journalists in Pakistan who have covered violent conflicts especially in the wake of Karachi, Baluchistan, and former FATA conflicts have repeatedly staked their physical, emotional, and financial security while fulfilling their journalistic responsibilities. The study at hand is majorly aime ... more

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Professionalism, Safety Measures, and Threats: An Exploratory Approach

Syed Muhammad Bilal Shah, Farish Ullah Khan Yousafzai

Paradigms, volume 14, issue 1 (2020), pp. 117-124

"All citizens have equal rights to lead their life in any country in the world. The primary responsibility of the government is to protect the rights of all human beings on equal basis residing in a country. This study is an endeavor to highlight the intensity and reasons behind the threats received ... more

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Red lines of journalism. Digital surveillance, safety risks and journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan

Sadia Jamil

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes; Anna Grøndahl Larsen; Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 29-46

"Drawing on Reese’s hierarchy of influences model, this study investigates the extent to which safety risks and digital surveillance result in journalists’ self-censorship in Pakistan. This study also explores the key areas of journalists’ self-censorship in the country and how it affects thei ... more

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Missing in action: Experiences of women with climate journalism

Zofeen Ebrahim

Oxfam Pakistan (2020), 20 pp.

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From repression to oppression: News journalism in Turkey 2013–2018

Stefanie Pukallus, Lisa Bradley, Sarah Clarke, Jackie Harrison

Media, Culture & Society, volume 42, issue 7-8 (2020), pp. 1443-1460

"The political context for practicing free and independent journalism has always been challenging in Turkey and ever more so after the failed coup d’état of 2016. This article examines and analyzes the changes brought about by this failed coup d’état in terms of their civil, legal, and politic ... more