Country and Region-Specific Safety Issues

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Journalism Under Threat: Intimidation and Harassment of Swedish journalists

Henrik Monica Lögren & Örnebring Nilsson

Journalism Practice, volume 10, issue 7 (2016), pp. 880-890

"Previous studies of intimidation and harassment of journalists have (rightly) focused on non-democratic and authoritarian nations and/or transitional/emerging democracies. In this article, we examine the situation in Sweden, a country with strong de facto and de jure safeguards of journalistic free ... more

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Professionalism under threat of violence: Journalism, reflexivity, and the potential for collective professional autonomy in northern Mexico

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

Journalism Studies, volume 17, issue 6 (2016), pp. 684-702

"Mexico is one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists, as more than 100 journalists have been murdered between 2000 and 2014, with almost half of those killed in the country's northern states. Through an analysis of in-depth interviews with journalists in northern Mexico, this qua ... more

On the Need to Amend Chapter XV of the Special Section of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

Lyudmila Mostepanyuk

Journal of Eastern European Law, volume 24 (2016), pp. 57-61

"The article deals with the issue of establishing criminal liability for crimes against journalists. Areas of research on this subject are identified. The basic research and publications on issues are reviewed. The need for introducing such liability is investigated. It is indicated that several spe ... more

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The practice and study of journalism in zones of violence in Latin America: Mexico as a case study

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

Journal of Applied Journalism & Media Studies, volume 5, issue 1 (2016), pp. 51-69

"In Latin America in the twenty-first century, journalists face daily professional and societal constraints and pressures when attempting to fulfill their role to inform the public. Concerns include a lack of press freedom, robust and growing social movements critical of the news media, and personal ... more

Civil War in Syria: The psychological effects on journalists

Anthony Feinstein, Stephen Starr

Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 7, issue 1 (2015), pp. 57-64

"Purpose: More journalists died in Syria during 2013 than in any other country experiencing conflict. This statistic raises concerns about the psychological wellbeing of journalists covering the internecine violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample ... more

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Bravery or Bravado? The Protection of News Providers in Armed Conflict

Nina Burri

Brill (2015), xviii, 450 pp.

"During the last decade, the image of war correspondents in the news has shifted dramatically. Reports are no longer full of cheerleading stories of embedded journalists. Instead, stories of war reporters being attacked, kidnapped or injured prevail. Sadly, the former heroic witnesses to war have be ... more

Secrets, lies, and journalist-spies: The contemporary moral dilemma for Bulgarian media professionals

Lada Trifonova Price

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 20, issue 2 (2015), pp. 185-203

"The subject of this article is the issue of journalist-spies in the Bulgarian media before and after the fall of communism in 1989. The focus is on the perceptions of Bulgarian journalists on the role alleged secret service collaborators played, and continue to play, in the postcommunist society an ... more

The Cyberspace War: Propaganda and Trolling as Warfare Tools

Jessika Aro

European View, volume 15, issue 1 (2015), pp. 121-132

"Russian President Vladimir Putin’s regime has taken control of the traditional media in Russia: TV, radio and newspapers. As Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu has stated, the Kremlin sees the mass media as a ‘weapon’. Now Russia’s leadership is trying to take control of social media to ... more

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The psychological effects of reporting extreme violence: A study of Kenyan journalists

Anthony Feinstein, Justus Wanga, John Owen

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Open, volume 6, issue 9 (2015), pp. 1-6

"Objective: To assess the psychological health of journalists in Kenya who have reported on, and been exposed to, extreme violence. Design: Descriptive. Psychological responses were elicited to two stressors, the ethnic violence surrounding the disputed 2007 general election and the Al-Shabab attack ... more

Journalists' Perceptions of Nomenklatura Networks and Media Ownership in Post-Communist Bulgaria

Lada Trifonova Price

Medijske Studije / Media Studies, volume 6, issue 11 (2015), pp. 19-33

"This article discusses the role of the former communist party elite (the nomenklatura) in the Bulgarian post-communist media landscape in relation to media ownership and the origin of media outlets’ capital. The spotlight is on Bulgarian journalists’ perceptions examined through semi-structured ... more

Press Censorship in Turkey: Networks of State Power, Commercial Pressures, and Self-Censorship

Bilge Yesil

Communication, Culture & Critique, volume 7, issue 2 (2014), pp. 154-173

"This article explores the suppression of press freedoms in Turkey under the AKP (Justice and Development Party) government in the late 2000s. Drawing upon analyses of laws and legislation, surveys, reports, and interviews with journalists, it demonstrates how press censorship in Turkey has been act ... more

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Journalism in times of violence: Social media use by US and Mexican journalists working in northern Mexico

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

Digital Journalism, volume 2, issue 4 (2014), pp. 507-523

"Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of U ... more

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A High-Risk Profession: Risks and Costs for Mexican Democracy of Journalists in the Middle of the War against Drug Trafficking

José Antonio Rosique Cañas, Gloria Rosique Cedillo

In: Using the Narcotrafico Threat to Build Public Administration Capacity between the US and Mexico

Donald E. Klingner; Roberto Moreno Espinosa (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2014), 18 pp.

"Journalism in Mexico has become a high-risk profession. With 137 journalists killed and 14 missing since the start of the “drug wars” there, Mexico has become the Latin American country with the most crimes against journalists (Rodríguez Olvera, 2011). Between 2000 and 2011, the National Commi ... more

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Silencing Mexico: A Study of Influences on Journalists in the Northern States

Jeannine E. Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 19, issue 1 (2014), pp. 108-131

"During President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa’s administration, the military was called on to confront organized crime, and dozens of journalists were killed in Mexico. Attacks on journalists have continued under the new administration. This study focuses on the erosion of the democratic institution ... more

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War Reporters Under Threat: The United States and Media Freedom

Chris Paterson

Pluto Press (2014), x, 222 pp.

"War Reporters Under Threat describes the threat of violence facing war reporters from the United States government and some of its closest allies. Chris Paterson argues that what should have been the lesson for the press following the invasion of Iraq - that they will be treated instrumentally by t ... more

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Journalist in Africa: A high-risk profession under threat

Marie-Soleil Frère

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 6, issue 2 (2014), pp. 181-198

"Every year, several international organizations monitoring press freedom worldwide issue reports in which they underline the occupational hazards faced by journalists while reporting. Some African countries, such as Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia or Equatorial Guinea, have been regularly pinpointed at the ... more

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Online citizen journalism and political transformation in the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions: A critical analysis

Sahar Khamis, Katherine Vaughn

In: Online Journalism in Africa

Hayes Mawindi Mabweazara; Okoth Fred Mudhai; Jason Whittaker (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2013), 16 pp.

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The principles which can be drawn from the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights relating to the protection and safety of journalists and journalism

Philip Leach

Belgrade: Council of Europe Conference of Ministers Responsible for Media and Information Society Freedom of Expression and Democracy in the Digital Age (2013), 27 pp.

"I have been asked by the Council of Europe Steering Committee on Media and Information Society (CDMSI) for a paper setting out the principles that can be drawn from the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) relating to the protection and safety of journalists and journali ... more

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