"Mass distribution campaigns of insecticide-treated nets for malaria prevention are usually accompanied by intensive behaviour change communication (BCC) to encourage hanging and use of nets. However, data on the effectiveness of these communication efforts are scarce. In preparation for the next ro
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und of mass campaigns in Nigeria, a secondary analysis of existing data from post-Campaign surveys was undertaken to investigate the influence of BCC on net hanging and use. Surveys were undertaken between 2009 and 2012 in ten states in Nigeria using standardized questionnaires. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to select households in each study site. Outcomes were defined as the effects of BCC message exposure and recall on knowledge, attitudes, perception as well as intentions and actual use. From the univariable analysis, potential confounders and explanatory variables were identified and key effects explored in multivariable linear or logistic regression models; terms in the models were kept if they had a marginal significance with p<0.2. To quantify the effects from BCC, a treatment effect model was used with an inverse-probability weight regression adjustment. More than half of the respondents (58.4%; 95% CI 56.0, 60.7) had heard a message about net use or hanging during or after the distribution campaign, with media cited as the most common source of information. Attitude towards net use was positively linked to the number of messages recalled and was overall better in the northern study sites. The number of messages recalled was also the strongest predictor of knowledge (p<0.001). All BCC outcomes showed a significant increase in net use, which was strongest for the confidence to take action regarding nets with an overall effect of 17%-point increase of net use comparing poor and excellent confidence levels. Intention to use every night increased net use by 15%-points and discussing net use in the family by 8% points. All these effects were statistically significant (p<0.001). Multichannel BCC campaigns as well as other media were effective in contributing to an increase in net culture, hanging and use, particularly by vulnerable groups." (Abstract)
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"Two main factors influence how we might assess the quality of a massive open online course (MOOC): purpose and perspective. By purpose we mean the reason(s) the MOOC has been developed and facilitated. By perspective we mean who is measuring the quality. These two factors are intrinsically linked.
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From a university perspective, investing in setting up and running a MOOC in, for example, Clinical Trials, may be a worthwhile investment if it serves the purpose of extending global reputation. But for a learner, the purpose of participating in the MOOC could be to network with other students. The university may measure quality by monitoring the scale and reach of the students — so, if the MOOC has over 25,000 participants from 46 countries, it could be viewed as high quality. However, learners may find it difficult to connect with other students on the MOOC platform. For this reason, the MOOC will appear low quality to them. This link between purpose and perspective makes the measurement of quality challenging. The present Guidelines for Quality Assurance and Accreditation of MOOCs have been developed to guide the selection of quality metrics by four stakeholder groups: governments, accreditation bodies, institutions and learners. There are two stages for using the guidelines. The first stage involves identifying the purpose(s) of the MOOC from the stakeholders’ perspectives. In the second stage, stakeholders are encouraged to reflect on the metrics that will determine whether that purpose has been achieved. A range of quality metrics, associated with different stages of learning (before, during or after MOOC creation and participation), is provided in Appendix 1. Each of the stakeholder groups is likely to be interested in different stages of the learning process and different measures." (Pages 4-5)
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"The first International SBCC Summit 2016 brought together the global community of social and behavior change communication (SBCC) organizations, practitioners and researchers from February 8 - 10, 2016, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The three-day event offered talks from SBCC field practitioners, a mar
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ket fair of tools, skills-building workshops, and panels on methodologies, programs and research. Blue Sky sessions allowed participants to consider the way forward in elevating the science and art of SBCC. Twenty-four technical panels and 10 preformed panels were created from the more than 600 abstracts received. Topics ranged from HIV and Ebola to nutrition and sanitation." (Introduction)
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"This handbook focuses on practical principles and best practices of risk communication to support risk management of adverse food safety (including quality) events associated with biological, chemical or physical hazards. Food defence and nutritional aspects are outside the scope. Another focus of
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this handbook is on the use of risk communication in the process of risk analysis to manage both food safety emergencies (e.g. outbreaks of food-borne illness) and non-emergency or more enduring food safety issues (e.g. food safety and health promotion campaigns). Although the main focus of the handbook is on food safety, many aspects are applicable to effective risk communication in support of feed safety, animal health and zoonotic disease management. Publicly available knowledge on risk communication, existing guides and training materials and ongoing initiatives were carefully reviewed to inform the scope and format of this handbook. The aim was to develop a handbook that is useful for a wide range of countries and regions, with the main focus on the needs of low- and middle-income countries." (Page 3)
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"This study provides insights that can inform disaster communication management, policymaking, and theory building through a nationally representative field experiment (N = 2,015 U.S. adults) grounded in media richness theory, information and communication technologies (ICTs) succession theory, and
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the social-mediated crisis communication (SMCC) model. Key findings include the following: (1) Significant main effects of disaster information source were detected on how likely participants were to seek further disaster information from TV, local government websites, and federal government websites; (2) regardless of information form and source, participants reported strongest intentions to immediately communicate about the disaster predominately via offline interpersonal forms rather than through online organizational and personal forms; and (3) regardless of information source, participants reported strong intentions to evacuate if instructed to do so by the government. These findings call for developing crisis communication theory that is more focused on how publics communicate with each other rather than with organizations about disasters and predict a wider variety of crisis communication outcomes." (Abstract)
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"This Managing Social Media During Emergencies Guide is designed to assist Councils to better plan, manage and continue to improve the effectiveness of social media use during an emergency event." (Intorduction, page 4)
"The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) has developed this paper to support Red Cross and Red Crescent staff and volunteers in their communication and advocacy on community resilience. The paper explains the IFRC’s definition of and approach to building communi
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ty resilience, sets out key messages, and suggests how to communicate the rationale for promoting community resilience to a broad audience. The document draws on the IFRC’s Framework for Community Resilience and the strategy behind the One Billion Coalition for Resilience. The messages and evidence in this paper should inform discussions, plans and decision-making in national disaster risk reduction or disaster management platforms, policy forums, community consultations, and project design." (Page 4)
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"Tom McDonald spent 15 months living in a small rural Chinese community researching how the residents use social media in their daily lives. His ethnographic findings suggest that, far from being left behind, many rural Chinese people have already integrated social media into their everyday experien
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ce. Throughout his ground-breaking study, McDonald argues that social media allows rural people to extend and transform their social relationships by deepening already existing connections with friends known through their school, work or village, while also experimenting with completely new forms of relationships through online interactions with strangers. By juxtaposing these seemingly opposed relations, rural social media users are able to use these technologies to understand, capitalise on and challenge the notions of morality that underlie rural life." (Back cover)
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"Good risk communication is crucial for raising awareness among citizens and business about the risks their countries face. However, many countries have seen their risk communication tools fail in the past, leading to persistently low levels of risk awareness, especially in the absence of recent dis
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asters. This OECD report surveys current trends in risk communication policies and practices across OECD and partner countries. It seeks to understand why risk communication tools have failed and what OECD countries can do to improve the effectiveness of their risk communication policies. Based on an OECD-wide survey, the report evaluates the degree to which countries have used risk communication tools to not only increase risk awareness, but to inform stakeholders about potential preparedness and prevention measures they can take to boost their resilience to future risks." (Publisher description)
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"This book investigates the role of citizen journalism in railroading social and political changes in sub-Saharan Africa. Case studies are drawn from research conducted by leading scholars from the fields of media studies, journalism, anthropology and history, who uniquely probe the real impact of t
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echnologies in driving change in Africa." (Publisher description)
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"This paper on behavior change constitutes one of two methodology papers (the other being on service delivery) that establish a new lens through which to understand the World Bank’s portfolio in IEG (Independent Evaluation Group) evaluations. The paper outlines the economic and psychosocial theori
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es that have led to an array of frameworks for helping policy makers design behaviorally conscious interventions. After establishing criteria for an evaluative behavior change framework suitable for World Bank projects and finding that none of the existing frameworks fits that set of criteria, this paper proposes a new framework, CrI2SP, which categorizes elements of World Bank projects, and introduces an evaluative framework for capturing the degree to which behavioral considerations have been integrated into World Bank projects. The CrI2SP framework and the coding template have been developed and refined as they have been applied to 33 World Bank projects." (Summary)
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"This study examines media coverage of the 2011–2012 famine in Somalia by the websites of BBC News, CNN and Al-Jazeera. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analyses, it explores why coverage of the famine began as late as it did, despite ample evidence of its inevitable unf
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olding, as well as the manner in which the famine was explained in popular news accounts. The study surveys famine-related news reports for evidence of four paradigms present in the current literature on famine and its causes, through which the famine could have been understood: as a Malthusian competition between population and land; as a failure of food entitlements; as critical political event; and as an issue of criminality. The findings include an overwhelming reliance on Malthusian explanations of famine, and noticeable under-reporting of the famine – despite ample evidence – until it was formally declared as such by the United Nations." (Abstract)
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