"La pobreza constituye un problema estructural en Argentina, realidad que se evidencia, más allá de las controversias en torno a su delimitación conceptual y su medición, desde diversos enfoques teórico metodológicos que abordan el fenómeno. Este trabajo busca aportar a la explicación de est
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a agenda urgente desde el análisis de la representación mediática de la problemática. El artículo presenta los primeros resultados de un estudio en curso sobre un sector de la prensa de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, Argentina. Se analizan las agendas y noticias construidas sobre el tema en la actualidad focalizando en los criterios de selección informativa, los temas jerarquizados, y las ocurrencias y regularidades discursivas. En el período analizado, la pobreza en la región no constituye una agenda jerarquizada en el diario La Nueva, hecho que invisibiliza, de algún modo, la problemática social. La pobreza y los sujetos pobres son representados en la publicación desde una categoría amplia y abstracta, ligada a cifras que legitiman los discursos y son útiles para el conocimiento del problema, a la vez que lo despersonalizan y deshistorizan. Las noticias se presentan de manera descontextualizada, sin información sobre las causas de emergencia y profundización del fenómeno, ni acerca de posibles soluciones, con el riesgo de que se resienta la capacidad de interpretación y comprensión por parte del lectorado, ergo, el debate público y político sobre el tema." (Resumen)
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"This article analyses how the political right in parts of the Global South has appropriate agendas and issues that in the past were often associated to the political left and presented them instead as their own. It does so by articulating narratives around poverty and social exclusion in the contex
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t of anti-globalisation and nationalistic discursive regimes that appeal to popular ‘common sense’. The piece explores this argument by examining the case of Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro. Reviewing a sample of Brazilian news media outlets and the type of messages in relation to poverty during the most recent presidential elections, it is suggested that by linking themes of social exclusion with nationalism in the news media, the political right has been able to explain poverty by means of increasing globalisation and liberalism and co-opt this agenda." (Abstract)
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"This study investigates the relationship between media frames and public perceptions of global poverty. Building on a frame analysis, the paper reconstructs prevailing poverty narratives in British news articles and non-governmental organizations’ (NGO’s) advertisements between 2011 and 2013. F
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ollowing this, these narratives are compared with the narratives that emerge from public opinion studies. The findings suggest that there is a strong connection between media frames and public knowledge and perceptions of global poverty. Both the media and the public define poverty in developing countries’ terms of destitute victims, lack of development and bad governance. Both suggest that the causes of poverty are internal to developing countries and imply that there has been little progress in reducing global poverty." (Abstract)
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"[...] Uno de los principales fines del Proyecto PoLaMe consistía en la construcción de una taxonomía del léxico de la pobreza que funcionara como un insumo útil para la consulta de periodistas, especialistas en discurso y estudiosos del fenómeno de la pobreza en español y portugués. Ese es
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el principal objetivo que anima la producción de este libro. La presente publicación contiene dos capítulos que de algún modo enmarcan el trabajo de todos los equipos: esta introducción y un capítulo referido a la construcción del corpus. El resto se estructura en tres secciones: Sección I. Léxico de la pobreza en la prensa de Argentina, Colombia y México; Sección II. Léxico da pobreza na imprensa brasileira; Sección III. Taxonomía del estudio lingüístico de la pobreza en la prensa de Argentina, Colombia y México." (Página 17)
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"At JRF, we want to inspire action and change to solve UK poverty, but we know there’s a lot of work to do if more people are to understand it and call more loudly for solutions. To help with this challenge, we’re changing the story we tell about poverty, using framing. This toolkit explains wha
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t framing is, why we’re using it, and how you can put it into action yourself." (Page 2)
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"The Next Billion Users reveals that many assumptions about internet use in developing countries are wrong. After immersing herself in factory towns, slums, townships, and favelas, Payal Arora assesses real patterns of internet usage in India, China, South Africa, Brazil, and the Middle East. She fi
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nds Himalayan teens growing closer by sharing a single computer with common passwords and profiles. In China's gaming factories, the line between work and leisure disappears. In Riyadh, a group of young women organize a YouTube fashion show. Why do citizens of states with strict surveillance policies appear to care so little about their digital privacy? Why do Brazilians eschew geo-tagging on social media? What drives young Indians to friend "foreign" strangers on Facebook and give "missed calls" to people? The Next Billion Users answers these questions and many more. Through extensive fieldwork, Arora demonstrates that the global poor are far from virtuous utilitarians who mainly go online to study, find jobs, and obtain health information. She reveals habits of use bound to intrigue everyone from casual internet users to developers of global digital platforms to organizations seeking to reach the next billion internet users." (Publisher description)
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"The informal practices revealed in this book include emotion-driven exchanges (from gifts or favours to tribute for services), values-based practices of solidarity and belonging enacting multiple identities, interest-driven know-how (from informal welfare to informal employment and entrepreneurship
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, often not seen or appreciated as expertise), and power-driven forms of co-optation and control. The paradox – or not – of the invisibility of these informal practices is their ubiquity. Expertly practised by insiders but often hidden from outsiders, informal practices are, as this book shows, deeply rooted all over the world. Fostering informal ties with ‘godfathers’ in Montenegro, ‘dear brothers’ in Finland and ‘little cousins’ in Switzerland – known locally as kumstvo, Hyvä veli, and Vetterliwirtschaft – as well as Klüngel (solidarity) in Cologne, Germany, compadrazgo (reciprocity) in Chile, or blat (networks of favours) in Russia, can make a world of difference to your well-being. Yet just like family relations, social ties not only enable but also limit individual decisions, behaviour and rights, as is revealed in the entries on janteloven (aversion to individuality) in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, or krugovaia poruka (joint responsibility) in Russia and Europe. The Global Informality Project (GIP) assembles pioneering research into the grey areas of informality, known yet unarticulated, enabling yet constraining, moral to ‘us’ yet immoral to ‘them’, divisive and hard to measure or integrate into policy. While typically unmentioned in official discourse, these practices are deeply woven into the fabric of society and are as pervasive as the usage of the terms, or language games, associated with them: pulling strings in the UK, red envelopes in China, pot du vin in France, l’argent du carburant paid to customs officials in sub-Saharan Africa, coffee money (duit kopi) paid to traffic policemen in Malaysia, and many others (Blundo, Olivier de Sardan, 2007: 132). While they may be taken for granted and familiar, such practices can also be uncomfortable to discuss and difficult to study." (Preface, page vii-viii)
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"The study found that the media gives only 12% coverage to inequality issues in Ghana. Thus, across the 22 media outlets, 783 stories focused on inequalities out of a total of 6,477 stories monitored. It was also observed the media’s attention is largely focused on social inequalities overlooking
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other forms like economic and political inequalities among citizens. Moreover, 68% of the stories that focused on inequalities were generated through already made or routine news sources such as coverage of press conferences and events, as against enterprising means of generating stories. This indicates the media’s lackluster commitment to the coverage of inequality issues. The study further found that 6 out 10 of the stories on inequality were framed episodically. Thus, majority of the stories were treated as single, isolated incidents of inequality rather than being part of a bigger or broader issue of widespread inequality. It is, therefore, recommended that, given the gap in inequality reporting as observed through the study, journalists and editors are trained to increase their knowledge on inequality issues and also equipped with the requisite skills to report inequalities for impact and policy redress." (Executive summary)
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"Redistribution programs in developing countries often “leak” because local officials do not implement programs as the central government intends. We study one approach to reducing leakage. In an experiment in over 550 villages, we test whether mailing cards with program information to targeted
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beneficiaries increases the subsidy they receive from a subsidized rice program. On net, beneficiaries received 26 percent more subsidy in card villages. Ineligible households received no less, so this represents substantially lower leakage." (Abstract)
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"Dieser Praxisleitfaden versteht sich als Angebot an Kommunen, die einen Armuts- oder Sozialbericht erstellen bzw. ihre Berichterstattung fortschreiben möchten. Im ersten Kapitel dieses Leitfadens werden wichtige Grundlagen kommunaler Armuts- und Sozialberichterstattung benannt. Das zweite Kapitel
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informiert über vorhandene Datenangebote und soll die Orientierung im vielfältigen Angebot von relevanten Daten auf kommunaler Ebene erleichtern. Das dritte Kapitel gibt anhand von innovativen Praxisbeispielen Anregungen zum konkreten Vorgehen bei der Erstellung von Sozial- oder Armutsberichten auf kommunaler Ebene. Wichtige Aspekte sind hierbei der strategische Prozess, die Sozialraum-, Beteiligungs- und Handlungsorientierung sowie die Darstellung von Armut und Armutsgefährdung. Im Anhang des Leitfadens werden ausgewählte Berichte aus Baden-Württemberg vorgestellt. Ein Blick auf die in den letzten Jahren veröffentlichten kommunalen Armuts- und Sozialberichte zeigt, dass diese durch eine große Vielfalt gekennzeichnet sind. Dies betrifft sowohl die Zielsetzungen und Konzeptionen als auch die methodischen Herangehensweisen. Hierbei wird das breite Spektrum an Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt. Dabei wird deutlich: Den Königsweg gibt es nicht, ausschlaggebend sind immer die Ausgangslagen, Wünsche, Bedarfe und nicht zuletzt die Ressourcen vor Ort. Eine Übersicht über mögliche Armutsindikatoren sowie Modellberechnungen zum Thema Reichtum und hohe Einkommen finden sich im Anhang." (Einleitung, Seite 7)
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"This brief approaches the study of poverty and inequality in Latin America from a cultural perspective. It is based on an analysis of newspaper articles in Brazil, which shows how both poverty and inequality are “naturalised” within the hegemonic media." (Page 1)
"Poor News examines the way discourses of poverty are articulated in the news media by incorporating specific narratives and definers that bring about certain ideological worldviews. This happens, the authors claim, because journalists and news editors make use of a set of information strategies whi
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le accessing certain sources within specific social and political dynamics. The book looks at the case of the news media in Britain since the industrial revolution and produces a historical account of how these media discourses came into play. The main thesis is that there have been different historical cycles that reflect particular hegemonic ideas of each period. Consequently, the role of mainstream journalism has been a subservient one for existing elites when it comes to the propagation of dominant ideas." (Publisher description)
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"In A Village Goes Mobile, Sirpa Tenhunen examines how the mobile telephone has contributed to social change in rural India. Tenhunen's long-term ethnographic fieldwork in West Bengal began before the village had a phone system in place and continued through the introduction and proliferation of the
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smartphone. She here analyzes how mobile telephones emerged as multidimensional objects which, in addition to enabling telephone conversations, facilitated status aspirations, internet access, and entertainment practices. She explores how this multifaceted use of mobile phones has affected agency and power dynamics in economic, political, and social relationships, and how these new social constellations relate to culture and development. In eight chapters, Tenhunen asks such questions as: Who benefits from mobile telephony and how? Can people use mobile phones to change their lives, or does phone use merely amplify existing social patterns and power relationships? Can mobile telephony induce development? Going beyond the case of West Bengal, Tenhunen develops a framework to understand how new media mediates social processes within interrelated social spheres and local hierarchies by relating, media-saturated forms of interaction to pre-existing contexts." (Publisher description)
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"Historically, cinema in the Americas has been signed by a state of precariousness. Notwithstanding the growing accessibility to video and digital technologies, access to the material means of film production is still limited, affecting the spheres of production, distribution, and reception. Equally
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, questions about the precarious can be traced in cultural and archival policies, film legislations, as well as in thematic and aesthetic choices. While conventional definitions of the precarious have been associated with notions of scarcity and insecurity, this volume looks at precariousness from a non-monolithic angle, exploring its productivity and potential for original, critical approaches, with the aim of providing new readings to the variedly rich and complex cinemas of the Americas." (Publisher description)
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"Based on the assumption that increased access to internet services boosts economic growth and improves the well-being of the poor, governments in both developed and emerging regions are heavily investing in internet connectivity projects. This article reviews the existing evidence as to the impact
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of internet technologies on various development dimensions, and articulates the empirical evidence into an analytical framework that seeks to identify the micro-linkages between internet adoption and poverty alleviation. The review suggests that the development pay-offs of internet technologies are ambiguous due to two interrelated effects. First, because effective appropriation requires a range of skills as well as complementary investment in human capital and organizational changes. This tends to favour well-educated workers and firms with more innovative capacity and access to finance. Second, because the positive effects of internet dissemination on market co-ordination and political institutions grow exponentially with adoption levels. As a result, while the evidence indicates that advanced economies are reaping significant benefits from internet investments, the returns for less advanced economies, and in particular for the fight against poverty in these regions, remain uncertain." (Abstract)
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"This qualitative content analysis has examined coverage of poverty-related issues by Oklahoma Watch, a nonprofit news organization with a mission of covering public problems, particularly those of disadvantaged people. The first set of coverage constituted the body of stories written on poverty fro
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m the organization's founding until the start of a cooperative project. The second set of coverage was the video interviews the organization did in cooperation with the Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Oklahoma to focus on this topic in neighborhoods in nearby Oklahoma City. The analysis of coverage showed that in a very broad sense the coverage was similar in that it, in both cases, addressed socioeconomic issues, poor governance, decreasing social cohesion, and various issues connected with personal behavior. However, as Table 1 showed, the specific topics of coverage differed substantially within these categories while showing some commonalities. For example, coverage that generally related to issues of governance or policy focused more on deep systemic issues such as health care in the earlier coverage. The concerns that emerged from the interviews with residents in the later project were centered more on basic daily concerns such as problems with roads and street lights. Concerns about education were evident in both sets of coverage." (Discussion, page 12)
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"Debates about the visual representations of global poverty have been going on for many years, yet the experiences and views of those featured have been notably absent. 'The People in the Pictures' addresses that gap. Save the Children commissioned research in the UK, Jordan, Bangladesh and Niger, t
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o listen to and learn from those who contribute their images and stories, as well as members of their communities. The research explored: what motivated people to agree to Save the Children filming or photographing them or their children; how people experienced and perceived the image-making process; how people felt about their portrayal in the resulting Save the Children communications. The research highlighted many areas of good practice, as well as some concerns and challenges. It has resulted in a set of recommendations to embed greater agency and accountability for contributors into Save the Children’s image making." (Back cover)
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"This article examines the depiction of three impoverished Lagosian slums in the controversial British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) documentary, Welcome to Lagos, which highlights the negative impacts of globalised capitalism on urban culture in Nigeria’s commercial centre and biggest city. In r
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ecent times scholarship on postcolonial urbanisation has been marked by an important shift in focus from economic concerns to interest in the peculiar cultural dimensions of life in postcolonial cities. As this article argues, however, dominant depictions of postcolonial cities continue to highlight ways in which cultural responses to the harsh effects of late capitalism in such cities reflect economic strategies of what Mike Davis calls “informal survivalism." (Abstract)
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