"En 2010 el Foro desplegó una nueva investigación en la que han participado ocho países: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, México y Perú. El esfuerzo realizado por los equipos locales del Foro, con el apoyo inestimable de Fundación Telefónica y de Telefónica, ha permiti
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do que más de seiscientos colegios hayan tomado parte en ella, lo que ha supuesto encuestar a más de setenta y ocho mil menores de entre 6 y 18 años. Se ha puesto, además, un énfasis particular en que también los menores de los entornos rurales estuvieran debidamente representados en la muestra de estudio, lo que ha supuesto en muchos casos un trabajo adicional por parte de los profesores y de los equipos locales [...] los menores en los países iberoamericanos están creciendo en un contexto altamente tecnologizado, lo que plantea nuevas oportunidades y nuevos retos desde el punto de vista educativo y de la protección del menor. La importancia de éstos es tal que solo cabe una respuesta activa por parte de todas la instituciones involucradas en su educación: gobiernos, empresas, escuelas y, por supuesto, familias, deben sentirse interpeladas por la necesidad de formar a los menores en el uso responsable de las TIC. Únicamente el esfuerzo conjunto podrá conseguir minimizar los riesgos a los que se enfrentan con su uso y sacar el máximo provecho a las oportunidades que ofrece este nuevo escenario." (Introducción, página 12)
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"This book is based on a collaborative research project by a team of journalism scholars from Europe, North America and Israel. It provides insights into how journalists at websites affiliated with leading national newspapers in ten Western democracies are thinking about, and dealing with, the inclu
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sion of content produced and published by the people once viewed simply as 'the audience.' The journalist's control over media space, which was based to a large extent on their access to the means of disseminating information, has evaporated, and the space is now open to everyone. Participatory Journalism goes right to the heart of what journalists do, what journalism is, and what the role of news is in contemporary democratic society that has gone digital." (Publisher description)
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"This article examines the changing ways in which intelligence about the BBC’s international audiences has been gathered and used since the advent of the Empire Service in 1932. It is written from the perspective of a former Head of Audience Research (1982-96) at the BBC World Service. In BBC dome
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stic broadcasting, the appointment of Robert Silvey in 1936 led to the daily collection throughout the UK of the most comprehensive national audience data anywhere in the world. For international broadcasting such systematic detail and regularity was out of the question. The listeners were widely scattered and thinly spread. Survey research of any kind was difficult, expensive or impossible. Moreover, many parts of the world to which the BBC World Service (BBCWS) broadcast were closed to any systematic local research, either because no local facilities to do research existed or because of legal or governmental prohibitions. At the start of BBC Empire Service spontaneous feedback from listeners’ letters was the main source of information. Research was also carried out using questionnaires sent by international mail to listeners who had written to the BBC. Face to face surveys in target areas were conducted from 1944, but coverage was patchy and limited by lack of resources. During the 1970s and 1980s it was conclusively shown that letter writers are unrepresentative of the whole audience. The need to have more representative data about audiences led to a massive increase in funding for quantitative research, especially under John Tusa, the Managing Director of the World Service from 1986 to 1992. Tusa increased the amount available to spend on research more than twenty-fold. As well as quantitative research using surveys of adult populations in all parts of the world (only a tiny number of countries today remain closed to all research) qualitative work is now also regularly commissioned. The global success of the BBC World Service is a result of the fact that it developed better intelligence about audiences than all other international broadcasters." (Abstract)
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"How could Western broadcasters during the Cold War learn about their audiences in the USSR when they were denied the possibility of conducting surveys within the country? In response to this quandary, second-best approaches were developed at Radio Liberty employing interviews with travellers outsid
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e the country and a sophisticated computer simulation program to draw estimates on audience size, composition and behaviour. In time, it became possible to validate the success of this approach through comparisons with internal survey work, both before and after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This paper overviews the methodology used and a sample of the findings." (Summary)
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"Los lectores encontrarán en un primer momento el bosquejo de los objetivos de la investigación con una descripción de la metodología del trabajo de campo. Este segmento nos permite argumentar por qué nos hemos decantado por un estudio cualitativo que permite indagar sobre los detalles de los d
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iscursos, de las construcciones enunciativas sobre las prácticas culturales. Nos interesan las concordancias, pero también las discordancias [...] En el segundo capítulo desarrollamos un breve repaso de los estudios más destacados sobre las diásporas contemporáneas y los medios de comunicación [...] Nos detenemos en los apuntes sobre Colombia y Ecuador, países en los que hemos centrado nuestra atención para intentar comprender las tendencias en los comportamientos cotidianos, la comunicación directa y mediada y, sobre todo, las relaciones familiares directas y transnacionales. En el tercer capítulo se realiza un repaso de todos aquellos estudios que han aportado pistas sobre la inmigración latinoamericana y el consumo cultural. Desde encuestas, sondeos y estudios cualitativos, aportamos el telón de fondo sobre el que descansa este trabajo exploratorio: desde la centralidad de los medios y los usos de las nuevas tecnologías, pasando por la convivencia en el hogar, los envíos de remesas y la participación en actividades deportivas, culturales y asociativas. El cuarto capítulo lo constituye el análisis de los discursos de nuestros informantes. A partir de la elaboración de los grupos de discusión y las entrevistas en profundidad nos proponemos aportar nuevos hallazgos sobre los usos y los consumos culturales y mediáticos. Hemos querido escuchar las voces de los migrantes latinoamericanos internacionales desde sus percepciones individuales hasta las estrategias identitarias colectivas, pasando por la evaluación crítica sobre la oferta y la demanda de los medios producidos por y para inmigrantes latinoamericanos y para la sociedad española en general. Hemos explorado el valor que tienen la música, la influencia de los amigos y la familia y los lazos afectivos y tecnológicos con las “comunidades imaginadas”: aquellas que se quedaron en el lugar de origen y aquellas que se construyen en el limbo o entre las dos orillas. Finalmente, los lectores encontrarán algunas ideas a modo de conclusión y propuestas de acción." (Introducción, página 6-7)
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"This Youth Radio Toolkit will help refresh your radio knowledge. We will help you produce your own radio show, from start to finish. We’ll begin with choosing a topic, researching, recording and wrapping up with learning how to get your show out there in the community. In this toolkit, we’ve pu
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t together all the important elements of making a good radio show: radio skills recap; how to prepare for your radio show; how to produce the content for the show; what to do when you’re live on air; how to get your show out there; eight sample radio shows." (Page 4)
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"Rating the Audience is the first book to show why and how audience ratings research became a convention, an agreement, and the first to interrogate the ways that agreement is now under threat. Taking a historical approach, the book looks at the evolution of audience ratings and the survey industry.
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It goes on to analyse today's media environment, looking at the role of the internet and the increased difficulties it presents for measuring audiences. The book covers all the major players and controversies, such as Facebook's privacy rulings and Google's alliance with Nielsen." (Publisher description)
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"Our approach is based on an understanding of access to information as a composite measure of access to source/s or platform, exposure, evaluation, content and self-reported differences in citizens’ reporting of the impact of their use of Information, Communication and Media (ICM) resources (Power
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, Khatun and Debeljak 2011). The data that were used to test this approach were collected within InterMedia’s AudienceScapes research initiative, which was co-funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and aimed to improve development outcomes through knowledge sharing and dissemination of research and analysis in a user-friendly format (see www.audiencescapes.org). Within the initiative, InterMedia conducted nationally representative surveys in Kenya, Ghana, Zambia and Tanzania, which focused on how the general population in all four countries obtains, shares and uses information on development related issues. The analysis provided insights into understanding citizen’s access to information in a number of key development areas, such as education, health, governance, agriculture and personal finance, and enabled the InterMedia team to examine our approach to ICM resources and the five dimensions of “Citizen Access to Information”, discussed here. In this article we use examples from these four studies to demonstrate the variation in citizen access to information in developing countries, and illustrate the proposed dimensions and sub-dimensions of our approach." (Pages 19-20)
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"L’atteinte des objectifs de sécurité alimentaire, de nutrition et d’égalité entre les hommes et les femmes passe par l’application d’approches de développement visant à donner aux communautés rurales l’occasion de participer et de prendre en main leur futur. Parmi les nombreuses ap
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proches utilisées par la FAO, il en est une qui est efficace pour permettre aux groupes les plus marginalisés, dont les femmes, de s’approprier leur développement et de parvenir à une autonomisation économique et sociale: il s’agit de l’introduction du genre dans la communication pour le développement. Les capacités dans le domaine sont assez rares pour exploiter toute la force de cette démarche et il y a relativement peu de réflexions théoriques en la matière. Le projet FAO-Dimitra partage son expérience avec la publication Communiquer le genre pour le développement rural. Celle-ci est destinée à tous les agents et agentes de développement et vise à encourager l’introduction d’une perspective genre dans les actions de communication pour le développement en milieu rural. Elle propose des ouvertures pratiques pour le faire, entendant ainsi susciter des réflexes afin que les projets et programmes incluent davantage les spécificités, besoins et aspirations des hommes et des femmes." (Dos de couverture)
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"The number of foreigners in Hungary (as a proportion of the total population) is a negligible two percent. The majority of immigrants are Hungarian nationals coming from the neighbouring countries. Given to the low number of foreign citizens, the ‘man in the street’ in Hungary relatively rarely
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meets an immigrant or asylum seeker. The attitude of Hungarians is nevertheless negative toward foreign citizens who are not Hungarian nationals. The average Hungarian despises the Roma even more. Members of this community encounter widespread discrimination and occasional physical violence. One of the media’s roles might be to foster social cohesion and the integration of minorities. These roles might be enhanced by programming from public service broadcasters, balanced news coverage from commercial media outlets, media content produced by members of the minority, and media campaigns which aim to integrate minorities. The public service broadcasters satisfy their legal obligations by way of providing programming for and about the national and the ethnic minorities. Though the length of the broadcasts in lower-reach periods is not proportionate to the size of the given national or ethnic minorities as compared to the total population, these programmes constitute the only fora where the average Hungarian can encounter these minorities. Several commercial media outlets have adopted codes of ethics, and our findings confirm that most of these include provisions on how the minorities should be portrayed. However, various studies on the media representation of minorities find that in the Hungarian media, the voice of the depicted minorities can hardly ever be heard in the news, with coverage generally focusing on problems and conflicts, and the context of events being covered superficially." (Summary and conclusion)
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"Women have yet to enter to Bahrain’s parliament despite being permitted to run for some years. With its king promoting social and economic change, the media has portrayed positive images of Arab women as professionals against a backdrop of religious conservatism. The communications strategy adopt
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ed by some women candidates to attain election to parliament and the response of the local media are analysed utilizing content analysis. Despite some variation of coverage, the media in this Persian Gulf country were found to be fair to all women candidates and generally gender-neutral. Although the women candidates who applied a well thought-out communications strategy did better in media coverage and voting results, ultimately none were elected. This article explores the reasons for this failure in terms of Islamist religious interpretations of the role of women and Arab cultural conventions regarding family life. Finally, the authors speculate briefly about the prospects of political communications by women challenging Arab cultural conservatism in the future." (Abstract)
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"The Research & Learning (R&L) Group, part of the BBC World Service Trust, conducted a survey with radio listeners in Warrap State, South Sudan in December 2010. The objectives of the survey were to establish an understanding of Mayardit FM’s reach with audiences in Warrap State, to provide Mayard
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it FM with information on audience needs and preferences, to help the station serve its audience better, and to collect data on audience radio listening behaviours including listening times and competitor stations." (Introduction)
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"This survey is the second nation-wide media use study conducted in Timor-Leste. UNMIT commissioned this study to provide a comprehensive update of the findings from Foundation Hirondelle’s National Media Survey of 2006, also conducted by INSIGHT. The main objectives of the study are to: 1) assess
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the extent of media coverage and audience reach/access to information and types of media in Timor-Leste, as well as the reach and impact of non-media information sources; 2) provide updated baseline information to UNMIT, Government of Timor-Leste and other partners to improve future communication efforts; and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of media campaigns conducted by UNMIT and the Government of Timor-Leste in order to improve future design. The study consists of two parts: first, a nation-wide survey of 2,500 randomly selected respondents in all 13 districts throughout the country; and, second, a series of nine focus group discussions (FGD) in seven districts to explore the survey findings. The survey represents the opinion of Timorese adults of 15 years of age or older and yields a maximum margin of error of +1.95%. Interviews were conducted in May 2010." (Executive summary, page 1)
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"Freedom Fone allows anyone with a phone to access or contribute information on a specific issue 24 hours a day and seven days a week. It takes advantage of audio and text to address language and literacy barriers when reaching out to marginalised audiences that don't have access to other media. No
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internet access is required by either you or your audience for this. Freedom Fone uses interactive voice menus to deliver information to and record information from a caller. You will be familiar with this kind of menu already: "press 1 to access your account, press 2 to speak to a representative, press 3 to record a message...". We all sometimes have to deal with this kind of system when we dial a number to top up the credit on our mobile phone account, or to talk to a support person, etc. Freedom Fone enables you to design your own interactive menus to: share audio information with your audience; this audio information can take many forms including voice menu (press 1, press 2, etc.), educational dramas, short news items, or even a song; organise a poll to enable your audience to vote on an issue using their phone; collect SMSs from your audience - these might be updates about specific news events, alerts or similar time critical information; get your audience to leave audio messages to share their opinion on a particular topic or make reports in their own language." (Page 4)
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The IREX Audience Measurement Survey 2011 in Iraq was an ad hoc national quantitative research study on media usage, habits and attitudes of people over the age of 15, across Iraq, with a total sample size of 3,000 individuals. The total sample consists of a representative sample of 2,600 individual
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s, as well as a booster sample of 400 Iraqi youth using new media.
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