"This book explores case studies across India, Kenya, Guatemala, Sri Lanka, and global, comparative settings, and asks what positive impact ICT applications (Health Information Systems, Pandemic response systems, Early Warning and Response Systems, Hospital Information System and Smartphone based Ap
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ps) can have on today’s most pressing challenges. The authors use this lens to discuss a wide range of issues facing communities around the world, including public health and pandemic management; the mitigation of ethnic violence and violence against women; the emergence of an informal economy; and the displacement of refugees. The case studies are analyzed through a wide means-process-ends framework, which is complemented with micro-level observations of people’s experience, such as empowerment, agility and trust within communities. This interplay between the macro framework and micro concepts helps us to understand how and why digital interventions can contribute to positive outcomes, and which stories of hope may inspire other development channels." (Back cover)
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"What constitutes a data practice and how do contemporary digital media technologies reconfigure our understanding of practices in general? Autonomously acting media, distributed digital infrastructures, and sensor-based media environments challenge the conditions of accounting for data practices bo
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th theoretically and empirically. Which forms of cooperation are constituted in and by data practices? And how are human and nonhuman agencies distributed and interrelated in data-saturated environments? The volume collects theoretical, empirical, and historiographical contributions from a range of international scholars to shed light on the current shift from media to data practices." (Publisher description)
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"This publication is the first report from UNESCO and the United Nations to specifically address Holocaust denial and distortion. It details the ways in which social media is fertile ground for hate and prejudice - and proposes actions we can take in response. Based on the data of billions of Facebo
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ok, Twitter, Instagram, and Telegram users, the report outlines what information English, French, Spanish, and German speakers encounter about the Holocaust. Almost half of all Holocaust-related content on Telegram, for example, is false, misleading, or distorted. Holocaust denial and distortion are often present alongside other types of online hate speech and misinformation such as homophobia, misogyny, xenophobia, conspiracy theory and COVID-19 denial. This co-presence indicates that these issues should not necessarily be addressed in isolation." (Foreword)
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"This report advances the Meaningful Connectivity framework as a way to support more inclusive societies and strengthen digital economies. It measures the gap in the number of people with just basic internet access and those with meaningful connectivity and examines what this digital divide means fo
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r people’s online experiences. The framework focuses on four pillars: 4G-like speeds, smartphone ownership, daily use, and unlimited access at a regular location, like home, work, or a place of study. This report looks at nine low and middle income countries (Colombia, Ghana, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa), using mobile phone surveys to estimate the number of people with meaningful connectivity in each. We found that, on average, only one in ten people in these countries have meaningful connectivity. This compares with just under half who have basic internet access, by latest official figures." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"This paper discusses whether data trusts are feasible structures in an African context, concluding that there are significant limitations to a straight import of trust models developed elsewhere. It goes on to outline specific considerations that should be prioritised in the development of bottom u
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p and collective models of data governance on the continent, whether adopting a formal trust structure or not. This is done through a brief overview of data trusts and looking at data rights in Africa with particular focus on South Africa's data protection law. The paper then delves into the contentions of a Global South and Global North approach by highlighting the limitations of data trusts in an African context. It argues that the development of data trusts could still offer critical benefits especially when informed by African values and historical contexts. Making use of international instruments (Banjul Charter), principles (CARE) and values (Ubuntu), the paper emphasises the importance of collective decision-making relating to data and concludes with recommendations on collective and participatory governance, women's empowerment and capacity-building, to highlight how the alignment of data trusts to African contexts could help balance historical power differentials in the digital age." (Page 2)
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"Täglich gibt es Berichte darüber, wie private Betreiber sozialer Medien sich problematischen Vorgaben autoritärer Herrscher beugen. Ob in Thailand, Kasachstan oder Russland, immer wieder werden als Teil von Content Moderation (CM) gezielt Inhalte entfernt oder Konten gelöscht, weil Regierungen
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sich durch Äußerungen in den sozialen Medien kritisiert fühlen. Diesen Einzelfällen liegt ein systemisches Problem von globaler Reichweite zugrunde. Die großen Betreiber sozialer Medien aus den USA bieten ihre Dienste in einer Vielzahl autoritärer Staaten an und erreichen hier Hunderte Millionen Nutzerinnen und Nutzer. Dabei laufen sie Gefahr, zu Komplizen bei der Verletzung von Menschenrechten werden. Um das Verhalten der Unternehmen hinsichtlich dieses Problems überprüfen zu können, sollte sich die deutsche Politik international dafür einsetzen, dass öffentlich einsehbare Human Rights Impact Assessments (HRIAs) verpflichtend vorgegeben werden." (Zusammenfassung)
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"As the Russian invasion of Ukraine erupted, the country’s authorities declared a war on Western social media as well. In March, such social media giants as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were blocked in Russia, giving their local competitor—named VK—a virtual monopoly in the country. Millio
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ns of Russian Facebook and Instagram users have flocked to this social network. Though VK may seem similar to Facebook, it is drastically different due to its proximity to the Russian government. The article examines the core peculiarities of VK and the risks its users may face, especially, in the context of war." (Abstract)
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"This paper is the second in a series of three papers that explore the relationship between women in Africa today and Artificial Intelligence. In it, the authors explore the threats and benefits Artificial Intelligence brings to African women in different sectors; what it means to be an African woma
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n today from a pre-colonial, colonial, and postcolonial lens and how the intersection of various forces of production and society give insight into the ways African women's lives are currently being and will continue to be impacted by this technology." (Executive summary)
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"This research explored the utility and viability of digital technologies in the production and promotion of critical audio-visual content by creatives. More specifically, it sought to establish regional trends in the creative sector with regard to uptake of technology in the development of critical
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content; highlight policy and regulatory frameworks for digital technologies and their implication to production, promotion and consumption of critical content in East Africa; identify opportunities for policy development and stakeholder engagement in the use of digital technologies in the production and promotion of critical content and provide recommendations to increase uptake of digital technologies for the production of critical audio visual content by makers especially during the COVID-19 pandemic." (Executive summary, page 4)
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"Platforms have power. But this power is not unchecked. Governments have an important role to play in protecting their citizens' rights vis-à-vis third parties and ensuring a communication order in which rights are not violated. (And in addition, of course, they need to respect human rights themsel
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ves and not arbitrarily shut down sites or use their power to make the Internet less free and open). As leader of working group 2 it is my distinct privilege to present this collection which unites studies by researchers within the Global Digital Human Rights Networks on issues connected to the overarching question of how platforms deal with human rights and their human rights obligations. This study is a key deliverable of our working group in the second year of the Global Digital Human Rights Network's activities. We will follow-up with Guidelines for platforms and an Assessment Model for states and other stakeholders in 2024. We developed this study under Corona conditions but were able to meet in the Tyrolean Alps in Obergurgl, Austria, in July 2022 to finalize this study." (Preface, page 7)
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"This book has compiled the tech policy debate into a toolkit for policy makers, legal experts, and academics seeking to address platform dominance and its impact on society today. It discusses the global consensus around technology regulation with recommendations of cutting-edge policy innovations
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from around the world. It also explores the proposed policy toolkit through comprehensive coverage of existing and future policy on data, antitrust, competition, freedom of expression, jurisdiction, fake news, elections, liability, and accountability. The book identifies potential policy impacts on global communication, user rights, public welfare, and economic activity. It outlines a policy framework that address the interlocking challenges of contemporary tech regulation and offer actionable solutions for the technological future." (Publisher description)
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"This report is intended to provide a broad review of the use and emerging governance of AI technology in Southern Africa. It aims at initiating public discussions and policy dialogue not only on the technological implications of the use of AI, but also on the social, political, and ethical signific
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ance and consequences of it. Through this report, UNESCO’s objective is also to provide the evidence that AI technologies are already being used in many domains and sectors in Southern Africa, thus countering the narrative that the ethics of AI is still premature to be discussed and taken seriously by the local actors in the region. The analysis comprises four parts that, read together, present a review of key policies, use cases, risks and opportunities for the design, development, governance and usage of responsible AI in the region. These are: (i) AI Regulatory and Policy Mapping; (ii) Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Applications; (iii) Ethical Risk of AI Use (derived from the findings in the policy mapping and use case analysis); and (iv) Key Opportunities and Recommendations." (Introduction)
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"Today's urban environments are layered with data and algorithms that fundamentally shape how we perceive and move through space. But are our digitally dense environments continuing to amplify inequalities rather than alleviate them? This book looks at the key contours of information inequality, and
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who, what and where gets left out. Platforms like Google Maps and Wikipedia have become important gateways to understanding the world, and yet they are characterised by significant gaps and biases, often driven by processes of exclusion. As a result, their digital augmentations tend to be refractions rather than reflections: they highlight only some facets of the world at the expense of others. This doesn't mean that more equitable futures aren't possible. By outlining the mechanisms through which our digital and material worlds intersect, the authors conclude with a roadmap for what alternative digital geographies might look like." (Publisher description)
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"The report documents the quality and usability of Facebook and YouTube content moderation policies in four languages. It found that the translations of Facebook and YouTube's content moderation policies in these languages are far below a standard that would be considered acceptable by the average u
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ser. Each of the translations showed numerous and systematic errors that impacted readers' ability to understand the policy without referencing the original version in English. The report also discusses how translation impacts the entire value chain of content moderation and platform governance - from end-users' ability to report content to moderators' ability to detect and remove harmful content and to regulators' knowledge about what content is on the platform. The report includes recommendations for improving translation policies and processes, as well as for advancing best practices in translation across the industry." (Publisher description)
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"In dieser fächerübergreifenden Unterrichtseinheit werden die Schülerinnen und Schüler für das Thema digitale Achtsamkeit sensibilisiert. Sie sollen erkennen, dass es wichtig ist, selbstbestimmt und vernünftig über die Verwendung digitaler Medien zu entscheiden. Oft lassen wir uns von Emotion
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en leiten und verfallen in Nutzungsmuster, die auf Dauer vielleicht nicht gesund sind. Die Lernenden sollen dies durchschauen und Strategien entwickeln, ihr Verhalten zu reflektieren und ggf. anzupassen. Ebenso lernen sie, dass es Apps und Internetangebote gibt, die dabei helfen können, gesünder zu leben und lernen, wie man diese Angebote finden kann." (Seite 2)
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"Während der Corona-Pandemie und der damit verbundenen Einschränkungen des öffentlichen Lebens hat sich der Medienkonsum in allen Bereichen signifikant erhöht. Um auf dem Laufenden und mit anderen in Kontakt zu bleiben, aber auch um sich zu unterhalten und abzulenken, nutzten (und nutzen) die Me
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nschen sowohl die traditionellen Angebote als auch die digitalen Medien- und Kommunikationstechnologien in stärkerem Ausmaß. Medienangebote haben während der Pandemie neben der Informations- auch psychosoziale Funktionen. Die stärker ausgeprägte Nutzung von Medien, die interpersonale Kommunikation und hohe soziale Präsenz ermöglichen (z.B. Video-Calls, Instant-Messenger), ist ein Indikator für das starke soziale Bedürfnis während der Pandemie, das durch den Gebrauch entsprechender Technologien befriedigt werden soll. Neben nützlichen Funktionen können dabei auch eher problematische Folgen der Mediennutzung beobachtet werden. Das Internet wirkt sich beispielsweise in der Krisenzeit positiv als Kommunikationsweg aus, um mit anderen in Kontakt zu bleiben und Informationen zu erhalten. Gleichzeitig berichten die Nutzer aber auch von Überforderung und Erschöpfung sowie negativen emotionalen Auswirkungen durch die Berichterstattung. Mit andauernder Krise zeigen sich zudem Anzeichen dafür, dass weniger Informationen gesucht werden und es bei vielen Menschen zur Informationsüberlastung hinsichtlich des Themas Corona-Pandemie gekommen ist. Wenn subjektiv eine kritische Masse an COVID-19-Informationen erreicht ist, können auch negative Effekte, wie zum Beispiel depressive Symptome, entstehen. Um die psychosozialen Belastungen abzufedern und das Wohlbefinden zu steigern, nutzen die Konsumenten spezifische inhaltliche Medienangebote. So dient zum Beispiel die Rezeption nostalgischer Medieninhalte neben der Unterhaltung auch der Bewältigung von Isolationsbefürchtungen. Als weitere hilfreiche Strategie, um das Bedürfnis nach Zugehörigkeit und sozialen Kontakten zu befriedigen, kann auch die Intensivierung parasozialer Beziehungen mit medialen Charakteren (Prominenten, Personas u.ä.) dienen. Spezifische Medienangebote können somit auch die Funktion haben, einen Ausgleich zur belastenden Situation in der Krise zu bieten." (https://www.ard-media.de/media-perspektiven)
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"In dieser Open-Access-Publikation stellen Katharina Kärgel und Frederic Vobbe anhand sieben typischer Fallbeispiele Handlungsempfehlungen für einen adäquaten Umgang mit mediatisierter sexualisierter Gewalt dar. Die Empfehlungen sind das Ergebnis des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschu
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ng geförderten Projekts „HUMAN“. Sie wurden empirisch unter Beteiligung von Betroffenen sowie Expert*innen der Bereiche Recht, Psychologie, Pädagogik und Soziale Arbeit entwickelt. Sie umfassen jeweils Fallreflexionen sowie konkrete Handlungsansätze. Digitale Medien sind Instrument und Kontext sexualisierter Gewalt gegen Kinder und Jugendliche. Sie müssen bei Übergriffen durch zuvor fremde wie nahestehende Personen stets mitbedacht werden. Ihr Einsatz verstetigt die Belastungen Betroffener und führt zu einer hohen Komplexität von Interventionen." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Auf den folgenden Seiten stellen wir Ihnen 13 konkrete Unterrichtseinheiten für die Klassen 3 bis 6 vor. Diese unterstützen Sie dabei, mit Ihren Schülerinnen und Schülern ausgesuchte Teilkompetenzen aus dem Medienkompetenzrahmen NRW zu erarbeiten. Die Unterrichtseinheiten bauen auf den Inhalten
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der Lernplattform Internet-ABC auf. Unter internet-abc.de finden Sie darüber hinaus viele weitere Anregungen für die Förderung der Medienkompetenz Ihrer Schülerinnen und Schüler. Der Medienkompetenzrahmen NRW definiert die relevanten Schlüsselqualifikationen, die Kindern und Jugendlichen bis zum Ende ihrer Schullaufbahn vermittelt werden sollen. Mehr Informationen zum Medienkompetenzrahmen und weitere Vorschläge für Ihre Unterrichtsgestaltung finden Sie unter medienkompetenzrahmen.nrw.de." (Vorwort)
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"While social media companies dress their content moderation policies in the language of human rights, their actions are largely driven by business priorities, the threat of government regulation, and outside pressure from the public and the mainstream media. This report demonstrates the impact of c
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ontent moderation by analyzing the policies and practices of three platforms: Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. Our evaluation compares platform policies regarding terrorist content (which often constrict Muslims' speech) to those on hate speech and harassment (which can affect the speech of powerful constituencies), along with publicly available information about enforcement of those policies." (Introduction, page 3)
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