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Media focus
9270
2537
1689
1336
696
238
235
113
42
28
Publication Years
4384
5623
2694
842
415
198
1289
141
18
1
Methods applied
522
487
416
325
197
81
62
49
27
14
14
11
7
6
5
5
5
4
3
2
1
Journals
272
183
128
94
93
79
73
69
69
67
67
63
60
45
39
39
37
36
36
34
34
32
31
30
25
25
25
23
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Output Type
7673
3372
3322
629
220
181
130
71
UNESCO's Multi-Donor Programme on Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists (MDP) Action in Morocco: 2018-2021 Quadrennial Report, Country Summaries
Paris: UNESCO (2022), 6 pp.
"The MDP has sought throughout the reporting period to assist in the implementation of Morocco’s new legal framework, while also supporting compliance to international standards. Actions build on previous work such as an agreement signed with the Ministry for the Reform of Public Administration in
...
October 2017, through which an action plan was developed. The implementation of the ATI law was notably supported under the MDP between 2018 and 2021 through the training of Public Information Officers and the production of pedagogical tools, with the support from the highest levels of government. This resulted in the creation of a first cohort public information officers, who graduated in July 2019. In the aftermath of this activity, the Prime Minister of Morocco pledged his support to mainstream ATI within the government and to promote transparency and accountability. UNESCO also held advocacy meetings together with The Ministry of Economy and Finance and other institutions, and in particular with the Ministry of Interior that governs all civil servants at the regional and municipal levels to ensure the proper implementation of the ATI law. Support was likewise granted towards the alignment of Morocco’s media-related laws with international standards, including the law on audio-visual communication and the Penal Code. This was notably done in 2019 through workshops targeting CSOs and parliamentarians from the Commission on Media, Culture and Education. It was thus identified that members of the parliament had limited knowledge on international standards pertaining to freedom of expression and access to information. Engagement with MPs was cut short by the COVID-19 pandemic and by legislative elections held in late 2021. Rebuilding engagement with incoming MPs in coming years will therefore be necessary to maintain interest in this initiative." (Page 2)
more
Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland: Der Deutsche Freiwilligensurvey 2019
Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2022), xviii; 326 pp.
"Das Open Access Buch bietet eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme zum freiwilligen Engagement in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf dem Deutschen Freiwilligensurvey, der zum fünften Mal im Jahr 2019 durchgeführt wurde und vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) gef
...
ördert wird. Die Autor:innen klären Fragen wie: Wer engagiert sich aus welchen Beweggründen? Wie ist freiwilliges Engagement ausgestaltet und wie hat sich freiwilliges Engagement gewandelt? Wie gestaltet sich der Zusammenhang von politischer Partizipation sowie Einstellungen zur Demokratie mit dem freiwilligen Engagement?" (Verlagsbeschreibung)
more
Trapped in a Web: The Exploitation of Personal Data in Hungary’s 2022 Elections
Human Rights Watch (2022), 94 pp.
"On April 3, 2022, Hungary’s ruling Fidesz party won a fourth term in national elections, cementing its dominance with a two-thirds majority that will allow it to continue traveling what critics of the party and many others would describe as the path of centralizing power and rolling back democrat
...
ic safeguards. International observers characterized the elections as free but raised serious concerns about their fairness. These included blurring the lines between the government and the ruling party in campaigning, which amplified the advantage of the ruling coalition, the absence of a level playing field, and lack of balance in campaign coverage in the press, on television, and on billboards. Fidesz’s effective control over large sections of the media, undermining the independence of the judiciary and public institutions, and curbing of civil society has received considerable attention from international media and international observers. However, its misuse of people’s personal data, which helped the party reach voters in new, opaque ways, has received relatively little scrutiny. This report examines how data-driven campaigning in Hungary’s 2022 elections exacerbated an already uneven playing field and undermined the right to privacy. It also documents new forms of misuse of personal data collected by the government and used for political campaigning by Fidesz in the 2022 elections." (Summary)
more
Psychological Inoculation Improves Resilience Against Misinformation on Social Media
Science Advances, volume 8, issue 34 (2022), 12 pp.
"Online misinformation continues to have adverse consequences for society. Inoculation theory has been put forward as a way to reduce susceptibility to misinformation by informing people about how they might be misinformed, but its scalability has been elusive both at a theoretical level and a pract
...
ical level. We developed five short videos that inoculate people against manipulation techniques commonly used in misinformation: emotionally manipulative language, incoherence, false dichotomies, scapegoating, and ad hominem attacks. In seven preregistered studies, i.e., six randomized controlled studies (n = 6464) and an ecologically valid field study on YouTube (n = 22,632), we find that these videos improve manipulation technique recognition, boost confidence in spotting these techniques, increase people’s ability to discern trustworthy from untrustworthy content, and improve the quality of their sharing decisions. These effects are robust across the political spectrum and a wide variety of covariates. We show that psychological inoculation campaigns on social media are effective at improving misinformation resilience at scale." (Abstract)
more
“Suddenly We Were the Story”: Women Journalists, the #MeToo Movement, & Online Misogyny in India
In: Gender Violence, Social Media, and Online Environments
London; New York: Routledge (2022), 17 pp.
"This study looks at how online misogyny is impacting the work of women journalists in India. Journalists here are encouraged to have a social media presence and publicize stories online, but organizations do little to protect them from the relentless trolling and misogyny that characterizes the onl
...
ine sphere in India today. Analyzing interviews with female journalists who actively covered the recent #MeTooIndia movement, this study found that when women reporters covered stories of sexual violence, their voices online were condemned, and they were subject to horrific sexual innuendo that implied violence. As journalists are forced to rethink the notion of public, how do they respond and cope with incivility online? They are expected to do stories that serve the public, but when a section of that public is extremely uncivil, how are journalists impacted and how does this affect their work? Journalists in India have developed a variety of strategies to deal with social media vitriol, but incivility online is an issue that organizations refuse to do much about. As the interviews show, social media platforms in India are more pulpits of hate than reasoned debate. This study looks at their implications on journalism from a gendered perspective in India." (Abstract)
more
Regulation, Self-Regulation and Co-Regulation in Media and Gender Equality
Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2021), 17 pp.
"This briefing note is designed to give readers a basic understanding of the role of media regulatory and self-regulatory systems in promoting gender equality and inclusion. It highlights the main self- and regulatory systems that reflect or affect the role of media – from the perspective of gende
...
r – and will offer a basic understanding to inspire the reader to take action and initiate change in the field. The final goal is to help inspire the introduction of a co-regulatory system wherein both regulation and self-regulation models combine to improve women’s human rights and gender equality in and through media, telecommunications, and digital platforms. The note is aimed at media practitioners who do not necessarily have a deep understanding of the field of gender in media development; it also aims to be of interest to and relevance for women’s rights organisations, other civil society organisations, and those who want to push for gender equality and inclusion in and through the media." (Publisher description)
more
Building Capacity in Communication for Development and Health Promotion
In: Handbook of Communication and Development
Cheltenham; Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing (2021), pp. 262-284
"Strengthening capacities in communication for development (C4D) and health communication is critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and other global health and development goals. This chapter presents case studies of recent initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Children´s Fu
...
nd (UNICEF) to demonstrate how the organization has evolved a multi-prong and multi-level approach to capacity development. The authors review key capacity development concepts and approaches in the literature and analyze UNICEF’s efforts using a capacity development framework developed for the health sector by Crisp, Swerissen and Duckett (2011) to classify the different approaches of capacity development used by UNICEF and understand the measurement areas to assess their progress. The chapter concludes with a reflection on lessons learned from UNICEF’s experience that the authors hope will be of relevance to other institutions and a set of recommendations for policy and practice related to capacity development for C4D and health communication." (Abstract)
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The Road Ahead: Mapping Civil Society Responses to Disinformation
Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2021), 27 pp.
"Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) bring a wide range of skill sets to the problem of digital disinformation. Some organizations focus on digital media literacy and education; others engage in advocacy and policy work. Another segment has developed expertise in fact-checking and verification. Other
...
organizations have developed refined technical skills for extracting and analyzing data from social media platforms. This research yielded several clear observations about the state of CSO responses to disinformation and, in turn, suggests several recommendations for paths forward. • Prioritize Skill Diffusion and Knowledge Transfer. Civil society organizations seeking funding for counter-disinformation initiatives should emphasize the importance of skill diffusion and knowledge-transfer initiatives. The siloed nature of disinformation research points to a growing need to blend technical expertise with deep cultural and political knowledge. • CSO researchers lack sufficient access to social media data. Survey respondents identified insufficient access to data as a challenge. Sometimes data are not made available to CSOs; in other instances, data are made available in formats that are not workable for meaningful research purposes. Unequal access to the data that private companies do provide can exacerbate regional inequities, and the nature of data sharing by social media platforms can unduly shape the space for inquiry by civil society and other researchers. Funders, platforms, and other key actors should develop approaches that provide more consistent, inclusive data access to CSOs. • Duplicative programming hampers innovation. CSOs drawing on similar tools, approaches, and techniques to meet similar goals pointed to three main factors preventing more specialized, innovative initiatives: lack of coordination, lack of specific expertise, and lack of flexible funding. Community building and collaboration among relevant organizations deserve more investment, as do initiatives that partner larger, established organizations with smaller or growing ones, or pool efforts, skill sets, and expertise to encourage diverse research by design rather than by coincidence. • Relationships with tech platforms vary across regions. Surveyed CSOs often held simultaneously skeptical and positive opinions about their relationships with social media companies. Some receive preferential access to data and even funding for their work (raising concerns about independence), while others report a lack of responsiveness from company representatives. In the Global South and Eastern Europe, many CSOs expressed concern that platforms failed to meaningfully engage with them on issues of critical concern. • More flexible funding and more diverse research are both necessary. To encourage greater platform accountability across varied geographic contexts, CSOs and their funders should draw on the perspectives of specific, under-analyzed communities." (Executive summary, page 3-4)
more
Dealing with the Past: Perspectives from Latin America, South Africa and Germany
Baden-Baden: Nomos (2021), 218 pp.
"During recent decades, the question of how societies deal with the past has received increasing attention from political actors, civil society and academia. Yet, dealing with the past continues to be a very controversial issue that causes polemic debates. This book contributes to a cross-regional a
...
nalysis of how societies in Latin America, South Africa and Germany deal with a past containing massive human rights violations." (Publisher description)
more
Big Perpetrator Cambodian cinema, the documentary duel and moral resentment
Screen, volume 62, issue 1 (2021), pp. 37-58
"Perpetrator cinema is a new global phenomenon, an unprecedented 21st-century boom in films that deal with genocidal or other mass-killing events by focusing on the perpetrator figure as their main protagonist or interviewee. In many respects it sheds light on the 21st-century emergence of the new p
...
sychological-social-political era of the perpetrator. None of these films, however, is based on a direct confrontation between a first-generation survivor and a perpetrator. Even those that attempt to stage this confrontation – such as As We Forgive (USA, 2010), Laura Waters Hinson’s film about Rwanda – eventually pull back from or otherwise avoid its representation. Joshua Oppenheimer, Christine Cynn and Anonymous’s The Act of Killing (UK/Denmark/Norway, 2012) equally fails to enable such a confrontation, despite according centre stage to the paramilitary perpetrators responsible for massacres in Indonesia during the 1960s. Oppenheimer’s sequel, Senyap/The Look of Silence (2014), refers to the same historical events as The Act of Killing and partially stages this confrontation, but in representing family relationships, among other topics, it is not based entirely on this format. It differs, moreover, from what I characterize below as a ‘duel’ in describing the extraordinary confrontations characteristic of Cambodian perpetrator cinema, as neither Oppenheimer nor Cynn (co-director for The Act of Killing) are first-generation survivors confronting the perpetrator, and we cannot know the status of third co-director, Anonymous." (Abstract)
more
Safety of Journalists in France
In: Safety of journalists in Europe: Threats and best practices to tackle them
San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute (2021), pp. 31-42
"The 2020 law for “global security” and the National law enforcement plan (Schéma national du maintien de l’ordre), presented by the Minister of the Interior, meant to address, among other questions, the issue of the safety of journalists during demonstrations. Considering growing defiance an
...
d recent cases of violence against journalists during several Yellow-vest demonstrations, this is an important issue. Various organisations criticised the law for not addressing the question of police violence. The latest version of this regulation took into consideration some of Reporters without borders’ recommendations on the protection of journalists during demonstrations. Worrying declarations by the Minister of the Interior that journalists covering demonstrations had to be accredited by prefectorial authorities created an outcry. Such provisions do not appear in the law." (Abstract)
more
Visual Ethics: A Guide for Photographers, Journalists, and Media Makers
New York; London: Routledge, 2nd ed. (2021), xx, 226 pp.
"The book covers the definitions and uses of six philosophies, analytical methods, cultural awareness, visual reporting, documentary, citizen journalists, advertising, public relations, typography, graphic design, data visualizations, cartoons, motion pictures, television, computers and the web, aug
...
mented and virtual reality, social media, the editing process, and the need for empathy. At the end of each are case studies for further analysis and interviews with thoughtful practitioners in each field of study, including Steven Heller and Nigel Holmes. This second edition has also been fully revised and updated throughout to reflect on the impact of new and emerging technologies." (Publisher description)
more
The Historicity of Media Regulation in Zambia: Examining the Proposed Statutory Self-Regulation
African Journalism Studies, volume 42, issue 2 (2021), pp. 59-76
"The media in Zambia have been in a state of uncertainty since Zambia reinstated democratic governance in the early 1990s. Despite promising initial steps to deregulate the media that started under President Chiluba’s government in the mid-1990s, achieving these objectives in successive years has
...
proved difficult. Successive governments have exhibited increasing aversion towards free and independent media, instead increasing efforts to regulate. This is significant, because comparisons with Kaunda’s autocratic era before 1991 cast the state in a friendlier light towards the media, defying normative theories. After both the Media Ethics Council of Zambia and Zambia Media Ethics Council (ZAMEC) failed as self-regulatory mechanisms in the mid to late 2000s, current state efforts have turned to create a hybrid statutory self-regulatory framework. This is a challenge because Zambia’s democracy has come under pressure from increasing political intolerance. Furthermore, while media professionals support the idea of regulation to strengthen professionalism, they often disagree on the value of statutory self-regulation and its implications. This study used the In-Depth Interview approach on 23 media professionals and documentary analysis to sketch the history and future implications of media regulation efforts in Zambia. Results show a checkered past but present an even more complicated future. The history of the Independent Broadcasting Authority shows that the proposed statutory self-regulatory framework presents more challenges to the media than ever before. This paper aims to contribute to global media studies and specifically the problems of regulation, the state, and media freedom in an African context." (Abstract)
more
OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward
Paris: OECD (2021), 240 pp.
"The first OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward examines the public communication structures, mandates and practices of centres of governments and ministries of health from 46 countries, based on the 2020 Understanding Public Communication surveys. It analyses
...
how this important government function contributes to better policies and services, greater citizen trust, and, ultimately, stronger democracies in an increasingly complex information environment. It looks at the role public communication can play in responding to the challenges posed by the spread of mis- and disinformation and in building more resilient media and information ecosystems. It also makes the case for a more strategic use of communication by governments, both to pursue policy objectives and promote more open governments, by providing an extensive mapping of trends, gaps and lessons learned. Finally, it highlights pioneering efforts to move towards the professionalisation of the government communication function and identifies areas for further research to support this transition." (Publisher description)
more
Wanted! Real Action for Media Freedom in Europe
Council of Europe (2021), 70 pp.
Sexism's Toll on Journalism
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2021), 36 pp.
"Journalism can be a dangerous profession, but it is often doubly dangerous for women because of the risk of sexist and sexual violence to which they are exposed. Of the 112 countries where journalists were polled for this report, 40 were identified as dangerous or very dangerous for women journalis
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ts. The dangers are not just to be found doing traditional reporting in the field. Women journalists also encounter danger in the new virtual reporting domains, on the Internet and social media, and even in places where they should be protected, including their own newsrooms. Three years after RSF produced a report on the difficulties for journalists – male and female – covering women’s rights, its new investigation is based on an analysis of responses to a questionnaire that was sent to all of its correspondents throughout the world, and to journalists specialising in gender issues. The results confirm the trends already detected by RSF’s staff, including the fact that the Internet has now become the most dangerous place for women journalists (reported by 73% of the respondents). Rana Ayyub, a well-known Indian columnist and investigative reporter is an authority on this problem as she receives constant rape threats and death threats on social media. Following the Internet, it is the workplace that the most respondents (58%) identified as the location “where sexist violence has been perpetrated.” This perception has been reinforced by the #MeToo movement’s spread throughout the world and the fact that women journalists are now daring to denounce sexual attacks or sexual harassment in such countries as the United States, Japan and India." (https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-publishes-report-sexisms-toll-journalism)
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Ethik als Schlüssel für Medienvertrauen und Empowerment
Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2021), 22 pp.
"Inwiefern hat sich Journalismus in der heutigen demokratischen Gesellschaft als Vertrauensinstanz bewährt? Was zeichnet speziell das Vertrauen in Journalismus aus, oder wodurch wird es beeinträchtigt? Die in dieser Studie vorgelegten Antworten verweisen darauf, dass Vertrauen in den Journalismus
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an seine professionelle Qualität gekoppelt ist. Diese lässt sich zu einem erheblichen Teil beschreiben als Grad der ethischen Qualität; sie umfasst ein verantwortungsorientiertes Publizieren ebenso wie eine aufmerksame Beziehung zum Publikum. Ethische Kompetenz ist der gemeinsame Schlüssel – für den Journalismus ebenso wie für sein Publikum. Geleitet von dieser Grundthese hält die Autorin ein detailliertes Plädoyer für ethisches Empowerment von Journalist_innen und Bürger_innen als Grundlage des Vertrauens in die Medien. Auch mit Blick auf die heutige „plattformisierte Öffentlichkeit“ sieht die Autorin die Notwendigkeit einer entsprechenden Weiterentwicklung der institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen der Mediengesellschaft, die sich an einem ethischen Kompass ausrichten müssen." (Umschlagrücken)
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