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Media focus
9277
2537
1696
1336
697
238
235
114
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28
Publication Years
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5626
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198
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18
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Methods applied
522
487
418
325
197
82
62
49
27
14
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1
Journals
272
183
128
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Output Type
7681
3373
3323
630
220
181
130
71
Stylistic Features of Rural Print Media in Ghana
Journal of African Media Studies, volume 9, issue 1 (2017), pp. 195-213
"Rural print media journalists in Africa tap into perceptions about their readers to produce newspapers. The evolving aesthetic perceptions of the rural print media in Ghana have in turn produced social domains of consumption and affiliation with the newspapers and print media. The style of Ewe-lang
...
uage newspapers produced in Ghana has generated different newspaper-reader affiliations and discursive spheres. This article examines some of the stylistic features of Ewe newspapers, investigating the way in which rural print media consumers and producers use these to articulate perceptions of the language domain of Ghanaian rural newspapers and print media." (Abstract)
more
Case Study on ICT and Human Rights (Policies of EU)
European Commission (2017), x, 95 pp.
"The first part of the study focuses on the EU’s internal policies in the field of online content regulation. Drawing on case-studies of three EU directives – Directive 2000/31/EC on e-commerce, Directive 2011/93/EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child porn
...
ography and Directive 2004/48/EC on intellectual property rights enforcement – the study seeks to illustrate how dealing with alleged illegal content through blocking, filtering and take-down of content within co- and self-regulatory frameworks shaped around ‘Internet intermediaries’ challenge freedom of expression and information. The directives presuppose, accept or encourage self-regulation and, combined with schemes of limited liability, subject the intermediaries to an increasing pressure to implement public policy in the online domain. However, these practices and their limitations to freedom of expression are rarely framed as human rights issues, nor do they have the required safeguards. Based on analysis of the EU directives, the study explores the weaknesses – seen from a human rights perspective – of the European approach towards tackling illegal content on the Internet. The study provides a number of suggestions to ensure that the EU addresses the human rights implications of co- and self-regulation, including the strengthening of safeguards and guidance for Member States and intermediaries to implement the said EU policy. Also, the study calls for a comprehensive EU freedom of expression and information framework, covering both its internal and external policy. In line with this, the EU should consider the freedom of expression and information implications of current and new policies when reviewing them according to the Digital Single Market Strategy.
The second part addresses the external policies of the EU with a focus on the protection and support of Human Rights Defenders using digital means (‘Digital Defenders’). For this purpose, EU policies and instruments of relevance for Digital Defenders are analysed, including the implementation of the Internet Freedom Strategy and the No Disconnect Strategy. The programmes under the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights are reviewed with respect to their relevance for human rights activities online, taking into account the recent EU Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline. This part of the study also explores the related issues of the safety of journalists (which are often citizen journalists), export control of surveillance technology by the EU Member States and the cooperation with other international organisations active in the field of online rights. Proposals are offered on how to improve the general environment for Digital Defenders and their right to freedom of expression and information, and how to improve the coherence of EU action in this field. The newly created Human Rights Defenders Mechanism can play a pivotal role in this regard, as could updated EU Guidelines on human rights defenders." (Executive summary)
more
Journalism and the Islamic Worldview: Journalistic Roles in Muslim-Majority Countries
Nurhaya Muchtar, Basyouni Ibrahim Hamada, Thomas Hanitzsch, Ashraf Galal, Masduki & Mohammad Sahid Ullah
Journalism Studies, volume 18, issue 5 (2017), pp. 555-575
"This paper looks at the extent to which journalistic culture in Muslim-majority countries is shaped by a distinctive Islamic worldview. We identified four principles of an Islamic perspective to journalism: truth and truth-telling (siddiq and haqq), pedagogy (tabligh), seeking the best for the publ
...
ic interest (maslahah), and moderation (wasatiyyah). A survey of working journalists in Africa (Egypt, Sierra Leone, and Sudan), Asia (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Oman, Qatar, Turkey, and the United Arab Emirates), and Europe (Albania and Kosovo) found manifestations of these roles in the investigated countries. The results point to the strong importance of an interventionist approach to journalism—as embodied in the maslahah principle—in most societies. Overall, however, journalists’ roles in Muslim-majority countries are not so much shaped by a distinctively Islamic worldview as they were by the political, economic, and socio-cultural contexts." (Abstract)
more
De la "Radio banane" à La Voix de la révolution: L'expérience radiophonique en Guinée
Paris: L'Harmattan (2017), 132 pp.
"L’expérience radiophonique en Guinée a connu trois grandes périodes. Lors de la première, de 1950 à 1955, la radio était au service de la métropole, afin de servir les intérêts exclusifs des planteurs européens, franco-syriens et franco-libanais. Elle donnait des informations sur le mou
...
vement des navires-bananiers et d’autres transports de produits. Cette période coïncide avec la relance économique en Europe, à la sortie de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Pendant la deuxième période, de 1956 à 1958, la radio a participé activement à l’éveil des consciences, à la lutte pour l’indépendance nationale, et à l’émancipation du continent. Elle a joué un rôle important dans la mise en place des structures de gestion en Afrique et singulièrement en Guinée. La loi-cadre du 23 juin 1956 a favorisé la participation des Africains à la gestion et à la prise de décisions importantes pour leur développement. Au cours de la troisième période, de 1958 à 1984, la radio a contribué à la consolidation des acquis de l’Indépendance nationale, à la lutte de libération des peuples africains encore sous le joug colonial, et à la valorisation de la culture nationale et africaine. Elle a joué un rôle de premier plan dans la propagande révolutionnaire et s’est illustrée comme porte-voix de l’Afrique combattante." (Dos de couverture)
more
Media Sustainability Index 2017: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Sri Lanka
Washington, DC: IREX (2017), v, 25 pp.
"Despite political and economic progress, the media face increasing political influence and financial instability that threaten the future. This year panelists affirmed the current financial crisis that the media industry is facing. They noted its impact on media freedom and progress, as it relates
...
to ownership and transparency. Panelists also highlighted the evolution of digital technology, a proliferation of online platforms, and a lack of accountability as the emerging issues affecting the industry." (Page 1)
more
Community Action and Social Media: A Review of the Literature
Third Sector Research Centre (TSRC) (2017), 70 pp.
"The literature on the social uses of social technologies is substantial and expanding. Using over 400 sources, the current review outlines the key themes emerging from academic, grey literature and online material in this field. Much of this literature argues for the transformative power of social
...
media, through its capacity to democratise and generate action through horizontal networks. The literature is dominated by studies of and commentary on the political impact of social media use, in particular in forms of protest. But while these technologies may have helped to change some processes, there seems to have been little lasting impact on broader outcomes in terms of empowerment, equalities or social justice. Nor is there evidence, at the less-publicised level of the community sector, that such outcomes have been or will be affected by uses of social media. Within the third sector literature, the dominance of material relating to marketing and fundraising for charities obscures a lack of case studies of community organisations’ use of social media. Research suggests that networked individuals may now carry out community action roles more efficiently than organisations. There is evidence that social media is changing the way social actions are organised: not just collective action but also ‘connective’ action. Community organisations will need to adjust to a changing role in the processes of knowledge generation and sharing." (Abstract)
more
Media Sustainability Index 2017: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2017), xx, 290 pp.
"While a few much-needed improvements can be reported for the 2017 Europe & Eurasia Media Sustainability Index (MSI), overall there are signs of continued and worsening challenges facing those who wish to create and support a vibrant information system in the 21 countries studied in this volume [...
...
] Apart from Belarus, there is not much in the way of positive news in this year’s MSI. Taken together, only nine objective scores, scattered among six countries, showed any meaningful improvement: Romania, Serbia, and Ukraine experienced improvement in two objective scores while Bulgaria, Kosovo, and Uzbekistan each had one objective show improvement. Belarus was the only country whose overall score improved by a tenth of a point or more. Five other countries showed only marginal overall improvement." (Executive summary)
more
Journalism for Social Change in Asia: Reporting Human Rights
London: Palgrave Macmillan (2017), xvii, 219 pp.
"This book explores the role and purpose of journalism to spark and propagate change by investigating human rights journalism and its capacity to inform, educate and activate change. Downman and Ubayasiri maximize this approach by proposing a new paradigm of reporting through the use of human-focuss
...
ed news values. This approach is a radical departure from the traditional style that typically builds on abstract concepts. The book will explore human rights journalism through the lens of complex issues such as human trafficking and people smuggling in the Asian context. This is not just a book for journalists, or journalism academics, but a book for activists, human rights advocates or anyone who believes in the power of journalism to change the world." (Publisher description)
more
Compromising Connectivity: Information Dynamics Between the State and Society in a Digitizing North Korea
Washington, DC: Intermedia (2017), 97 pp.
"The information and media environment in North Korea continues to evolve quickly. This report demonstrates that the depth and diversity of information and media access channels have grown markedly since the release of A Quiet Opening in 2012. More North Koreans have greater access to a larger varie
...
ty of media content and communication devices. However, it is equally clear the North Korean state is determined to regain control of how and what information its citizens access. Rather than attempting to recreate the information blockade and national sequestration of the Kim Il Sung era, the state’s recent technological innovations strongly suggest it is moving toward a new, but no less heavily controlled information environment. This is apparent when we examine current and emerging techniques for censorship, surveillance and integrity preservation across the network, device and human levels." (Conclusion)
more
Developing News: Global Journalism and the Coverage of "Third World" Development
London; New York: Routledge (2017), ix, 178 pp.
"Developing News sets out to describe how development is articulated in the news and used by newspeople as an analytical category to explain the world. It is about examining development as a discourse that is based on the harmful contrast between the developed and the developing (or the underdevelo
...
ped) and that sets the boundaries for what is permissible to say. Jairo Lugo-Ocando and An Nguyen begin by discussing the news coverage of development that emerged as a news category for newspapers and broadcasters after World War II. They move on to examine the way development has been reported by the mainstream media, exploring the rationales and ideologies that determined and continue to define the way the media think about and represent development in the news. In doing so, the authors contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the news agenda, news sources and the development policies that are set in the centres of power." (Publisher description)
more
The Ethiopian Journalist: Loyalist and Change Agent
Addis Abeba: [author] (2017), 27 pp.
"The report is based on interviews with 350 journalists from all parts of the Ethiopian media. The study detects some important changes which have occurred in the Ethiopian journalist fraternity recently. In just a few years, the local journalist population has become one of the most educated in the
...
world, with 97% having at least a bachelor’s degree. The female proportion is also on the increase, and soon every third journalist in the country is expected to be a woman. At the same time, Ethiopian journalists are among the youngest and least experienced in all countries, with an average age of 30 years. Illustratively, around 90% of today’s Ethiopian journalists were not in the profession during the 2005 elections. The study detects significant differences between journalists in the state media and journalists in the private media, but also some similarities. Journalists in the private media experience high degree of professional autonomy with 71% perceiving ‘a great deal of freedom’ in selecting news stories, compared with 41% in the state media. Both groups have high trust in the government – indeed one of the highest trust levels of the 66 countries investigated in the Worlds of Journalism Study – but nonetheless low trust in political parties and politicians in general. When asked about their political view, most journalists in the study identified themselves halfway between the government and the opposition. There is a slightly higher proportion of reporters supporting the government in the state media than in the private media. In terms of professional role, Ethiopian journalists have some features which set them apart from their counterparts in the north. Ethiopian journalists reveal strong commitment to national development and support for government policy. They also regard advocacy for social change as an important part of their work. Thus, the typical Ethopian journalist can be described as both a loyalist and a change agent." (Executive summary)
more
Journalists in Latvia
Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"When it comes to professional role orientation, Latvian journalists are almost unanimous that journalists should report things as they are and act as detached observers. Interviewed journalists also found it important to provide analysis of current affairs, to educate the audience, to let people ex
...
press theirs views, to tell stories about the world as well as to advocate for social change. All these professional roles, except the necessity to tell stories about the world (s=1.22) and to let people express their views (s=1.08), showed relatively low standard deviations, suggesting that journalists agree on their importance. Similar consensus among the respondents showed over the little importance of supporting official government policies and conveying a positive image of political leaders." (Journalistic roles, page 2)
more
Social Media für Journalisten: Redaktionell arbeiten mit Facebook, Twitter & Co
Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2016), viii, 185 pp.
"Der Band führt in die praktischen Grundlagen von Social Media ein und zeigt, wie sich durch Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Youtube & Co. der Journalismus verändert hat. Er legt dar, wie die einzelnen Dienste sinnvoll im redaktionellen Alltag eingesetzt werden und wo Potential für weitergehende re
...
daktionelle Strategien zu sehen ist. Eine wichtige Rolle wird dem Zusammenspiel mit dem Leser/Zuschauer/Zuhörer eingeräumt. Denn dieser rückt von der rein passiven Rezipienten-Rolle in die aktive Rolle eines Partners des Journalisten. Auch will der Umgang mit User-Material gelernt sein. Vom Überprüfen und Verifizieren von Youtube-Videos bis zum redaktionellen Crowdsourcing bietet das Buch Checklisten und Muster-Konzepte sowie Beispiele aus der Praxis." (Publisher description)
more
Travel Guide to the Digital World: Cybersecurity Policy for Human Rights Defenders
London: Global Partners Digital (2016), 106 pp.
"This guide aims to help correct the imbalance in capacity and expertise between human rights defenders and cybersecurity professionals and policy-makers. At the heart of the guide is an attempt to address perhaps the fundamental barrier: the absence of clear definitions and agreed terms. It will do
...
this by closely examining three separate policy areas which are often conflated under the umbrella of cybersecurity – information security, cybercrime, and cyber conflict – unpacking their policy and legal dimensions, mapping relevant stakeholders, and outlining the issues at stake. It is hoped this will help human rights defenders engage effectively in cyber policy debates at the domestic, regional and international levels." (Overview, page 6)
more
Precarious Creativity: Global Media, Local Labor
Oakland, Calif.: University of California Press (2016), x, 324 pp.
Professionalism under threat of violence: Journalism, reflexivity, and the potential for collective professional autonomy in northern Mexico
Journalism Studies, volume 17, issue 6 (2016), pp. 684-702
"Mexico is one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists, as more than 100 journalists have been murdered between 2000 and 2014, with almost half of those killed in the country's northern states. Through an analysis of in-depth interviews with journalists in northern Mexico, this qua
...
litative study examines the relationship between an environment of violence and journalists' perceptions about professionalism. Utilizing the concepts of professional reflexivity and collective professional autonomy, the authors analyze and discuss the complexities and contradictions of professional identity among journalists during a time of unprecedented violence." (Abstract)
more
"In July 2015, Internews launched Open Mic Nepal, a project designed to track and debunk rumors in the earthquake-afected communities. Based on previous pilots of this approach in Gaza and Liberia, the project set out to assess and address information needs by using minimally structured qualitative
...
data-gathering approaches to surface trends in community conversations, identify key concerns, misunderstandings and toxic/corrupted information, and to redress them with the provision of reliable and verified information as speedily as possible." (Page 2)
more
Information and Civil Unrest in Dictatorships
"This is a broad overview of the role of information in various forms for key actors in dictatorships, including members of the regime, dissident leaders, and the general public. The existing literature implies that information is crucial to the dynamic interactions among these actors, particularly
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in the contentious arenas of elections and collective actions. Not surprisingly, dictatorships create unique challenges for the control, dissemination, and acquisition of information. Strategic secrecy on the part of the dictator leads other actors to question the truthfulness of information he disseminates. To gain credibility in these environments, leaders need to constrain their actions. To appease elites, they can adopt constraining institutions like semi-independent legislatures and elections. When they hope to mobilize the opposition to legitimize these institutions and the masses to demonstrate the strength of their support, dictators must make costly payments, or policy and procedural concessions to get the defiant participants to acquiesce. Dissident leaders and the masses also find communication a difficult task. Dissident leaders often must take costly actions to earn the trust of the masses and help frame the benefits from collective actions in persuasive ways. When taking these actions, dissident leaders operate with limited quality information and must interpret signals from the government and other actors, which can dissuade people from acting or may lead to costly mistakes as the real meaning can get lost in the transmission of secretive information from dissident leaders to prospective participants." (Conclusion)
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Guinée info santé: Guide de référence pour les journalistes
Paris: CFI Coopération Médias (2016), 29 pp.
"Ce guide a pour objectif de fournir aux journalistes formés un support de communication adapté et efficace, leur permettant de diffuser des messages sur les problèmes prioritaires de santé en Guinée. Il doit également leur donner le même niveau d’information et des messages harmonisés sur
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les thématiques évoquées. Grâce à cet outil, les journalistes aborderont plus facilement ces questions avec des messages précis, clairs et adaptés aux communautés tant urbaines que rurales." (Introduction)
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