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Modeling Collective Action Through Media to Promote Social Change and Positive Intergroup Relations in Violent Conflicts

Rezarta Bilali, Johanna Ray Vollhardt, Jason Ray David Rarick

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, volume 68 (2017), pp. 200-211

"Does social influence exerted through role modeling of collective action impact social change in contexts that are not conducive to collective action, such as long-lasting violent conflicts? We examined this question in two field experiments in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. We created t ... more

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Les médias face au terrorisme: Manuel pour les journalistes

Jean-Paul Marthoz

Paris: UNESCO, revised ed. (2017), 116 pp.

"Destiné aux journalistes et aux professionnels des médias, ce manuel vise à fournir des informations clés et à encourager une réflexion sur le traitement du terrorisme dans et par les médias. Fondé sur des conseils d’experts et d’institutions de renom, émaillé de nombreux exemples, il ... more

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Keeping Reporters Safe: The Ethics of Drone Journalism in a Humanitarian Crisis

Turo Uskali, Epp Lauk

In: The Routledge Companion to Media and Humanitarian Action

Robin Andersen, Robin Purnaka L. de Silva (eds.)

London: Routledge (2017), pp. 477-486

"In recent years, authorities have banned the use of drones for journalism in many countries. Therefore, it is valid to claim that practicing drone journalism often leads to questions of freedom of the press, the right to receive ideas and information, and also the freedom of expression. Clearly, th ... more

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Journalists as Victims and Perpetrators of Violence

Matt Carlson

In: News of Baltimore: Race, Rage and the City

Linda Steiner, Silvio Waisbord (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2017), 17 pp.

"This chapter explores the complicated ways in which journalists became subjects within the stories of Ferguson and Baltimore through a particular focus on the discursive identification of journalists as either victims or perpetrators of violence. It focuses on two evaluative frameworks: journalists ... more

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The Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights

Howard Tumber, Silvio R. Waisbord (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2017), xix, 520 pp.

"The Companion is the first collection to bring together two distinct ways of thinking about human rights and media, including scholarship that examines media as a human right alongside that which looks at media coverage of human rights issues. This international collection of 49 newly written piece ... more

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El rol de las relaciones públicas comunitarias en una década de conflictos sociales en el Perú

Luis Urquizo Valdeiglesias

Lima: Universidad de San Martín de Porres (2017), 341 pp.

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Media professionals and armed conflict: Protection and responsibilities under international humanitarian law. Handbook

Nicole Urban

British Red Cross; british Institute of international and Comparative Law (2017), vi, 129 pp.

"This Handbook is primarily for use by media professionals who report from conflict zones. It is a practical and accessible guide to the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) that protect media professionals and their work in armed conflict. It also considers the IHL responsibilities that me ... more

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Training journalists in times of transition: The case of Kosovo

Abit Hoxha, Keneth Andreesen

Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2017), pp. 37-47

"With Kosovo as its case, this article explores the context and challenges of journalism education in transition societies. Journalists in Kosovo have lived through constant changes from authoritarian to democracy. In this struggle, journalism education has never been stable and steady. The past con ... more

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Tribal Journalists under Fire: Threats, impunity and decision making in reporting on conflict in Pakistan

Syed Irfan Ashraf, Lisa Brooten

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 147-158

"This study investigates the challenges faced by local journalists caught between the global “war on terror” and its local consequences in Pakistan’s Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Threats and impunity are commonplace in this buffer zone bordering Pakistan and Afghanistan, compell ... more

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Media Development in Syria: The Janus-Faced Nature of Foreign Aid Assistance

Billie Jeanne Brownlee

Third World Quarterly, volume 38, issue 10 (2017), pp. 2276-2294

"This article intends to provide responses to some of the many unanswered questions about the making and the transformation of the uprising in Syria by exploring a new avenue of research: media development aid. Most academic interest has been oriented towards the role that the new media played at th ... more

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Reporting from the Danger Zone: Frontline Journalists, Their Jobs, and an Increasingly Perilous Future

Maria Armoudian

London; New York: Routledge (2017), 165 pp.

"Journalism is a dangerous business when one’s "beat" is a war zone. Armoudian reveals the complications facing frontline journalists who cover warzones, hot spots and other hazardous situations. It compares yesterday’s conflict journalism, which was fraught with its own dangers, with today’s ... more

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ILYM, Irak Libye Yémen médias: Quel rôle pour les médias dans les pays en crise?

Akram Belkaid-Ellyas, Agnès Levallois, Claire Talon

Paris: L'Harmattan (2017), 91 pp.

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Embedded Journalism and Its Implications in the Field

Leire Iturregui Mardaras, María José Cantalapiedra González, Leire Moure Peñín

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 255-266

"The Iraq War was a landmark in war reporting. The design and implementation of the embedded system enabled nearly 700 journalists to live and work alongside soldiers of the United States and British armies. Nearly 30 countries took part in the system, including Spain, one of the main supporters of ... more

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Trauma counseling for journalists: A profession in denial

Gowri Ananthan

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 17-20

"Research suggests between 80 and 90% of journalists have been exposed to a work-related traumatic events such as murder, mass casualties, war and natural disasters. Most journalists exhibit resilience despite repeated exposure to such traumatic events. However, a significant minority are at risk fo ... more

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Popular Mobilization Messaging

James Amon Garrison

The Hague: International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) (2017), 25 pp.

"This Research Paper examines the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Unit’s (PMU) messaging on the organisation’s website and social media platforms through early January 2017 to develop a more nuanced understanding of the PMU’s outlook, both present and future. After providing an overview of the PMU� ... more

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Human Rights and Humanitarian Intervention: Legitimizing the Use of Force Since the 1970s

Norbert Frei, Daniel Stahl, Annette Weinke (eds.)

Göttingen: Wallstein Verlag (2017), 248 pp.

"The Balkan Wars of the 1990s, the Rwandan genocide and the Darfur conflict served as catalysts for debates which significantly changed the character and institutional frameworks of international politics and international law after the end of the Cold War. Humanitarian emergencies and grave human r ... more

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Roads to Influence: A Practical Toolkit to Increase Safety for Journalists Through Advocacy in Somalia/Somaliland

International Media Support (IMS); Fojo Media Institute (2017), 20 pp.

"The overall approach to advocacy in this toolkit is generic, but the toolkit focuses on increasing safety for journalists in Somalia/Somaliland. The order of the different steps follows a logical sequence. However, do keep in mind that advocacy is not necessarily a linear process. Advocacy rarely f ... more

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A Story Bigger than Your Life? The safety challenges of journalists reporting on democratization conflicts

Judith Lohner, Sandra Banjac

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 289-302

"This chapter investigates safety challenges journalists face when reporting on democratization conflicts and their impact on journalistic work. It builds on a comparative case study within the EU-funded project “Media, Conflict and Democratisation” (MeCoDEM), which explores journalistic work pr ... more

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Africa Peace Journalism: A Manual for Media Practitioners in East Africa

Fredrick Ogenga (ed.)

Rongo (KE): Rongo University, Center for Media, Democracy, Peace and Security (CMDPS) (2017), xiv, 71 pp.

"This publication is the outcome of the “East Africa Regional Peace Journalism Training Workshop” for journalists covering conflict and peacebuilding in East Africa. Organized by Rongo University’s Center for Media, Democracy, Peace, and Security (CMDPS) in partnership with the African Peacebu ... more

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YouTube and Evidencing Warcrimes: The Role of Digital Video for Transitional Justice in Syria

Josepha Wessels

Tidskriftet POLITIK, volume 19, issue 4 (2016), pp. 30-52

"The enormous collection of user-generated content (UGC) in the form of YouTube videos from the Syrian war provides an unprecedented and diverse collection of shared digital memories of conflict and violence. The central question of this article asks what the value is of UGC on YouTube for legal evi ... dence of war crimes and future Transitional Justice. It is beyond doubt that the surge of uploaded videos from the Syrian uprisings revolutionized the way in which contemporary wars are observed and documented. The sheer amount of user-generated content online has given rise to manifold ways of interpreting what is happening on the ground, inspired creative resistance, led to a surge of professional and independent Syrian documentary films and increased the connectivity between those who undergo the war inside the conflict zone and those who are observing the situation from a safe distance. Many YouTube clips from Syria are likely to be rejected as stand-alone legal evidence though, as it often lacks sourced information about meta-data, date, time, geographical coordinates, identity of the participants, the identity of the perpetrator, and other contextual information crucial to establishing judicial facts for war crimes prosecution. The everexpanding body of videos from Syria will give rise to a wide and varied landscape of interactive media that has surpassed the old approach of political mainstream media to inform and possibly manipulate their audiences for their own agendas, whatever those may be. As a platform of digital memory and space to express moral outrage, YouTube served a crucial and important role in the Syrian crisis and the UGC is of immense value for digital memorialisation and historicization of the Syrian crisis. The vast amount of UGC on YouTube was categorized in 8 different types of footage and we can conclude that only small number of videoclips on YouTube can in fact function as crime-based evidence for war crimes. This does not mean that the UGC on YouTube has no value, however as a legal evidence it can be problematic to use YouTube videos if not corroborated and verified properly. The main issue is the lack of meta-data in many of the UGC on YouTube. The YouTube video revolution in Syria did bring to the surface many brave video activists who are now professionally involved in producing high quality footage for international news broadcasters, the most recent example of that is the important work of Waad al Kataeb inside eastern Aleppo with the British Broadcaster Channel Four News (Channel 4 2016). Through a series of edited 5-6 minute mini stories from the ground, Al Kataeb’s work provides a credible and important source of evidence." (Conclusion, page 22-23) more