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Output Type
What makes audiences resilient to disinformation? Integrating micro, meso, and macro factors based on a systematic literature review
Communications, volume 50, issue 2 (2025), pp. 534-555
"Despite increased attention since 2015, there is little consensus on why audiences believe or share disinformation. In our study, we propose a shift in analytical perspective by applying the concept of resilience. Through a systematic literature review (n = 95), we identify factors that have been
...
Charitable Instruction: Towards a Catholic-Thomistic Response to Misinformation
Religion and Social Communication, volume 23, issue 2 (2025), pp. 474-496
"One of the problems the Philippines faces is the plague of misinformation, and this paper provides the groundwork for a possible Catholic-Thomistic response. In this work, the researcher attempts to answer the question of why Catholics need to solve this problem and what they can do to solve it. Th
...
Recommendation of the Council on Information Integrity
Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2025), 17 pp.
"The Recommendation on Information Integrity was adopted by the OECD Council on 17 December 2024 on the proposal of the Public Governance Committee (PGC). The Recommendation aims to establish a wide-ranging and applicable policy framework for Adherents to address threats posed by information manipul
...
Digital occupation: Pro-Russian bot networks target Ukraine’s occupied territories on Telegram
Atlantic Council, July 16 (2025)
"This joint report from OpenMinds and the Digital Forensic Research Lab (DFRLab) analyzes the activity of a network of 3,634 automated accounts that posted pro-Russian comments on Telegram channels between January 2024 and April 2025 targeting Ukrainian populations inside Russian-occupied territorie
...
International Disinformation: A Handbook for Analysis and Response
Deep Insights
Leiden: Brill (2025), vii, 283 pp.
"Dive into the world of disinformation with this groundbreaking book. Uncover how Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) shapes modern politics and society, and how it impacts your own life. Explore answers to key questions: What are the origins and characteristics of disinformatio
...
Encrypted Messaging and Extreme Speech: Policy Directions
Munich: Ludwig-Maximilian Universität (LMU); Center for Digital Dignity (2025), 58 pp.
"The report highlights interventions in six main categories, namely: Platform governance; Mitigating digital influence operations; Supporting research; Strengthening fact-checking; Awareness raising and capacity building; Leveraging artificial intelligence responsibly. The recommendations highlight
...
Determinants of fake news diffusion on social media: A systematic literature review
Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication (GKMC), volume 74, issue 7-8 (2025), pp. 2069-2092
"This paper aims to explore the determinants causing fake information proliferation on social media platforms and the challenges to control the diffusion of fake news phenomena. The authors applied the systematic review methodology to conduct a synthetic analysis of 37 articles published in peer-rev
...
Donetsk Don’t Tell: ‘Hybrid War’ in Ukraine and the Limits of Social Media Influence Operations
Journal of Information Technology & Politics, volume 22, issue 1 (2025), pp. 49-64
"Many fear that social media enable more potent influence operations than traditional mass media. This belief is widely shared yet rarely tested. We challenge this emerging wisdom by comparing social media and television as vectors for influence operations targeting Ukraine. This article develops a
...
Redefining objectivity: Exploring types of evidence by fact-checkers in four European countries
European Journal of Communication (2025), 21 pp.
"Fact-checking journalism challenges procedural norms of objectivity by providing truth verdicts. By actively evaluating statements and online rumors based on evidence weight, fact-checkers aim for robust, scientific objectivity. Despite this trend, there is a lack of studies analyzing evidence type
...
Emerging Media Structures, Media Policy and the Challenge of Disinformation in Post-Assad Syria
Berlin: Media in Cooperation and Transition (MiCT) (2025), 54 pp.
"This study analyses the media ecosystem in post-Assad Syria, focusing on the proliferation of disinformation, ethno-sectarian hate speech and Foreign Interference (FIMI). It covers the period from December 2024 to December 2025, one year after the collapse of the Assad regime. Besides disinformati
...
Russian information operations outside of the Western information environment
Riga: NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence, Rev. version (2025), 184 pp.
"This report, drawing from research, qualitative and quantitative data, Key Insight Interviews (KIIs), digital tools, and Russian information and deception doctrine, explores the Kremlin’s IIOs in non-Western environments using five selected countries as case studies: Egypt, Mali, Kenya, South Afr
...
Disarming Disinformation: Brazil
Deep Insights
Currents of Truth: A Journalist's Quest for Justice in the Age of AI
Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Programme Sub-Sahara Africa (2025), 51 pp.
"This is a story set in a fictional city in Africa, in the not-too-far future. It follows a young investigative journalist, her mentor and her friend, a computer genius, who work together to uncover and expose a complex disinformation campaign fuelled by artificial intelligence and save their people
...
WhatsApp in the World: Disinformation, Encryption, and Extreme Speech
Deep Insights
New York: New York University Press (2025), vii, 375 pp.
"Known by the popular nickname “ZapZap” in Brazil and synonymous with the Internet across Africa and South Asia, WhatsApp has emerged as a major means of communication for millions of people around the world. Unlike social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook, WhatsApp offers a closed, e
...
The Alternative Truth Kept Hidden From Us: The Effects of Multimodal Disinformation Disseminated by Ordinary Citizens and Alternative Hyper-Partisan Media. Evidence From the US and India
Digital Journalism, volume 13, issue 8 (2025), pp. 1351-1372
"The affordances of social media potentially amplify the effects of disinformation by offering the possibility to present deceptive content and sources in credible and native ways. We investigate the effects of two aspects related to the dissemination and modality of digital disinformation: (In)auth
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Checking verifications during the 2022 Brazilian run-off election: How fact-checking organizations exposed falsehoods and contributed to the accuracy of the public debate
Journalism, volume 25, issue 10 (2024), pp. 2022-2043
"This study observes content-related indicators of the editorial decisions made by factcheckers during the 2022 Brazilian run-off election. Specifically, it aims to investigate factcheckers’ outputs regarding verification genres, scrutinized actors, types of verified falsehoods, and inspected plat
...
