"One of the main challenges for fact-checkers seems to be to better and more effectively reach their audience. That means, on the one hand, improved skills and capacity to reach out to a specific group of followers, but also techniques to more efficiently use social media as an audience generation t
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ool. Effective use of social media turns out to be a challenge of high importance for African fact-checking organizations in our sample in particular, which have thus far been slow in building a strong follower base on social media such as Facebook and Twitter. Credibility has also been mentioned as a major challenge for factchecking groups, with 22 out of 30 groups that responded in our poll saying that the challenge of gaining or maintaining credibility is “very important” or “fairly important.” Achieving a higher impact is an important challenge for many factchecking organizations as they seek methods that would help them to both measure and increase their impact. All African fact-checking groups included in our research indicated the challenge of impact to be “very important.” Impact of fact-checking remains a research gap as there is no solid evidence to understand how effective fact-checking is." (Key findings)
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"This book explores innovative approaches to digital and data journalism in Latin America, brought by both legacy media and newcomers to the industry, with the purpose of examining this changing media landscape. As part of the Global South, Latin America has shown significant influence in the promot
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ion of data and digital technologies applied to journalism in recent years. In this region, news entrepreneurs are becoming an essential source of innovation in news production, circulation, and distribution. The book considers news media, particularly in Latin America, as an open set of practices intertwined in the evolution of technology. It discusses the transformation of the Latin American news media ecosystem and considers how it has shaped the industry despite local differences. The study fills a significant gap in academic scholarship by addressing the multiple external factors, mainly political and economic, which have contributed to the relative lack of studies on the patterns of journalism in this region." (Publisher description)
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"In journalism, there are still growing concerns about the ratio of men to women, even though women's presence in the newsroom have increased progressively. The issues of gender stereotyping and discrimination against women have emerged over time and still remain an issue of great concern. In view o
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f this, using the gender theory, this chapter aims to interrogate the issues of female representation in the practice of journalism in Ghana, in terms of numbers, portrayals, and discriminations. To achieve the aim, the study employs a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews. The study reveal that men still dominate the journalism profession in Ghana. Also women in the newsroom are portrayed on one hand as capable and hardworking and on the other hand as emotional and immoral. Furthermore, women in journalism in Ghana are discriminated against in terms of salary structure and job roles. It was also revealed that female journalists in Ghana are employing strategies like apathy and rebelliousness to deal with the negative portrayals and discrimination against them." (Abstract)
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"Utilizing a constellation of conceptual tenets drawn from critical digital technology theory, field theory and concepts of digital democracy, this article argues that the post-coup period in Zimbabwe has solidified digital journalism practices in three main ways. These are: (i) the consolidation of
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a digital leak journalism culture, (ii) an increasingly ferocious form of digital guerrilla journalism, and (iii) the rise in popularity, of small digital-based news platforms that, arguably, are increasingly eclipsing already established mainstream (digital) news platforms as sources of news. These practices’ nascent roots have their genesis in the early 2000 period. In the post-coup context, they have assumed a new and wider meaning, and have become part of the mainstream. This solidification of digital journalism practices has consequently enabled journalists to “speak back” to power by providing robust forms of investigative journalism, and simultaneously avoiding being ‘swallowed’ by the state. While we admit to various gradations of digital journalism practices before the coup, we use the coup as our point of departure in order to factor in the incrementally disruptive and repressive political environment that has forced journalists to adopt digital journalism practices more than in any period of the country’s history." (Abstract)
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"In this manual, we discuss key disability issues, key messages and principles for journalists wanting to support the human rights of Africans with disabilities. The manual also deals with terminology - it is about using words and that puts the person rather than the disability first. Jounalists wil
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l learn how to create disability programs that resonate with their audiences and encourage wider PwDs (Persons with Disability) participation at every level of the society despite the barriers they must deal with [...] This manual has been developed for handling the workshops based on the contents of the guide. It provides guidelines and tools for a three-day workshop on the guide." (Pages 3-4)
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"[...] the past sixty years have seen a rise of journalistic practices that purport to cover the news beyond the typical problem-based narrative. These genres of journalistic reporting are not positive news or fluff reporting: They are rigorous reporting philosophies and practices that share a commo
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n goal—reporting beyond the problem-based narrative, thereby exemplifying a commitment to the social responsibility theory of the press, which asserts that journalists have a duty to consider society’s best interests. However, there is little academic or professional understanding of these journalistic approaches. As such, this book provides an in-depth examination of socially-responsible news reporting practices, such as constructive journalism, solutions journalism, and peace journalism. Each chapter focuses on one reporting form, defining it and detailing its evolution and status among scholars and practitioners, as well as discussing its known effects and future direction. This edited volume is the first academic book published on these forms of reporting in the United States. It provides a comprehensive resource that explores the theoretical underpinnings of these journalistic genres that grounds these approaches and allows for a coherent line of research to follow as these approaches evolve." (Publisher description)
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"Este libro tiene por objetivo visibilizar y reconocer las contribuciones de las mujeres pioneras en los estudios de comunicación en América Latina, y lo hace con un doble propósito. Por un lado, como aporte a la historia del campo de la comunicación, a la que pretende completar con estas otras
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historias de investigadoras. Por el otro, como aporte a la enseñanza de los estudios latinoamericanos en el ámbito universitario. Recogemos aquí el desafío de diversos colectivos de estudiantes que comenzaron en los últimos años a advertir sobre la ausencia de autoras en los (nuestros) programas de estudio. Entendimos que tal cuestión —al mismo tiempo, cuestionamiento— no podía ser despachada con la inclusión de algún cupo bibliográfico, sino que más bien debía ser abordada a partir del examen atento de las contribuciones de aquellas primeras investigadoras que abrieron un camino: Regina Gibaja, Lisa Block de Behar, Mabel Piccini, Michèle Mattelart, Beatriz Sarlo, Margarita Graziano, Paula Wajsman, Elizabeth Fox, Margarita Zires Roldán, Fátima Fernández Christlieb, entre otras." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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"Este libro no solo recuerda, como sus autores califican, «aventuras periodísticas» que se impulsaron en momentos difíciles y convulsionados en el país. Este libro es el retrato de una generación de valerosos y extraordinarios periodistas que ejercieron, de manera apasionada, este oficio en la
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s turbulentas décadas de los 60, 70 y 80 del Siglo XX. Al recorrer sus páginas, se evoca la sala de redacción con sus ruidosas máquinas de escribir y, especialmente, el espíritu comprometido con la noticia de quienes decidieron tomar la pluma como arma para defender sus ideas. Fernando Salazar, Harold Olmos y Juan Carlos Salazar nos trasladan a una época ardiente y agitada, y aunque no muy lejana, muy diferente a la actual. Apertura y Prensa, pese a su fugaz existencia, no constituyen las anécdotas de la historia del periodismo, más bien representan, junto a la Agencia de Noticias Fides (ANF), el carácter y el espíritu combativo de esa generación de periodistas. ¿Qué motivó a esos hombres y mujeres a impulsar un periodismo contestario al poder?, ¿lucharon por una ideología político partidaria o por la democracia?, y esa lucha, finalmente ¿triunfó? Sí, por supuesto que triunfó. En 1982, Bolivia recuperó la democracia y los militares se retiraron a sus cuarteles tras casi trece años de haber gobernado el país." (Renán Estenssoro Valdez)
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"The book brings together scholars from Western and Eastern Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia, reporting findings based on data collected from democratic, transitional, and non-democratic contexts to produce thematic chapters that address how journalistic cultures vary around the globe,
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specifically in relation to challenges that journalists face in performing their journalistic roles. The study measures, compares, and analyzes the materialization of the interventionist, the watchdog, the loyal-facilitator, the service, the infotainment, and the civic roles in more than 30,000 print news stories from 18 countries. It also draws from hundreds of surveys with journalists to explain the link between ideals and practices, and the conditions that shape this divide." (Publisher description)
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"Alfredo Casares aporta una imagen esperanzadora del futuro del periodismo como motor de la transformación social con un texto muy documentado, que se apoya en estudios y numerosos ejemplos de todo el mundo para ilustrar los efectos beneficiosos de un periodismo más constructivo en la sociedad, lo
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s periodistas, los estudiantes de periodismo y los editores de medios. La obra se descubre como un urgente alegato en favor de un periodismo hoy más necesario que nunca, que practique la escucha paciente y estimule una conversación social en la que participen todas las voces. El autor plantea, además, una invitación para que profesionales y ciudadanos reflexionemos juntos sobre qué periodismo necesita hoy la sociedad." (Cubierta del libro)
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"A significant number of the surveyed citizens consider the media in Serbia under the control of political groups at both ends of the spectrum. At the same time, many of the surveyed citizens think that the media is free to collect and publish information on all the relevant issues. These findings r
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eflect the media reality in Serbia: after twenty years of reforms, the country has managed to create a system in which the freedom of the media implies (only) that our media freely report on issues relevant to the option whose interests they represent. Both the media workers in the focus group and the surveyed citizens agree that propaganda and hatred are ubiquitous in the media. The media instrumentalizes hatred based on gender, national and other stereotypes in order to realize the particular interests of the groups to which they are loyal for ideological or financial reasons. But as the media workers warn, the media is also abusing the hatred rooted in society to increase circulation, viewership, or reach, and again, in the end, to make a profit. The position of women journalists in Serbia is especially difficult. As many as 95% of the surveyed citizens agree that women journalists are exposed to attacks, threats, insults and harassment because they do their job well. The journalists and editors in the focus group do not see gender prejudices and stereotypes as a cause of attacks but rather as a tool to discredit female journalists. Not their work—because that is difficult to discredit—but rather female journalists personally, where attacks are dominated by discourse strategies stemming from classic misogyny." (Conclusion, page 25)
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"Dozens of plans to help save journalism have emerged since the Covid-19 pandemic decimated media outlets around the world. This report summarizes some of the trends we’ve seen and evaluates where they currently stand. Most promising are Australia’s efforts to get Google and Facebook to pay for
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news and efforts in the U.S. to get laws and investment that would support local news." (Executive summary)
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"The book argues that digital journalism studies is much more than the study of journalism produced, distributed, and consumed with the aid of digital technologies. Rather, the scholarly field of digital journalism studies is built on questions that disrupt much of what previously was taken for gran
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ted concerning media, journalism, and public spheres, asking questions like: What is a news organisation? To what degree has news become separated from journalism? What roles do platform companies and emerging technologies play in the production, distribution, and consumption of news and journalism? The book reviews the research into these questions and argues that digital journalism studies constitutes a cross-disciplinary field that does not focus on journalism solely from the traditions of journalism studies, but is open to research from and conversations with related fields." (Publisher description)
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"The participants of the survey were limited to working women journalists in Kathmandu valley. Out of 87 journalists that participated in the survey two- third of journalists are young, the work force comprises between age group 20 to 40 years. Majority of journalists work in the private news media,
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where near about majority of them enrolled in the media through open competition. Similarly, over half of the journalists have experience of over 10 years but still at large, one-third of the journalists work as reporters and 18 per cent as sub-editors. With respect to the education background, more than two-third of the journalists are graduates with 68 per cent of women journalists have master’s degree and 26 per cent have bachelor’s degree. Female journalists come from the background of Humanities and Social sciences where majority of journalists have academic degree in journalism. The survey showed that that women journalists have diversified their field of news reporting. They report on different sectors such as human rights issues, education, health, art and culture, international relations, laws/ courts, politics apart from gender issues. Despite some changes over the years, the study points out challenges with respect to sustainability, working environment among women journalists. The study has also pointed out that the number of women journalists joining the field has increased but retaining human resource is a challenge which has adversely affected participation of female journalists’ participation in the leadership position." (Executive summary)
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"Journalistic codes of ethics (N = 88) from 55 countries were analyzed for their discussions of errors and corrections. The sample includes codes from press councils, broadcast media outlets, newspapers, digital media outlets, radio stations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Overall, the co
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des were similar across countries. Most included a discussion of the error-correction process (the “how” of corrections), as well as an explanation of normative values (the “why” of corrections). Details regarding correction placement and speed were particularly common across codes. Results suggest codes that emphasize correcting harmful errors were slightly more common in the codes from countries with greater press freedom, and there was some indication that codes that provide cursory guidelines about corrections and accuracy were more likely to come from countries with less press freedom. Implications for journalists and media organizations are explored." (Abstract)
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"Die Bedeutung, die dem Medieninformationssystem zukam, hat die amerikanische Medienwissenschaftlerin Sandra Ball-Rokeach auf eine knappe Formel gebracht: Je einschneidender Änderungen der sozialen Umwelt empfunden werden, desto wahrscheinlicher wird es, dass das »Medieninformationssystem« für p
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raktisch alle Akteurezur wichtigsten Ressource wird, diese Umwelt zu verstehen und in ihrsinnvoll zu handeln. Das wiederum ist so zu verstehen, dass mit Erscheinen des Virus auf der Bildfläche das Wirkungspotenzial von Medien mindestens kurzfristig enorm angestiegen sein dürfte. Das ist aus dieser Perspektive aber weniger den Inszenierungskünsten des Journalismus oder denen von Influencerinnen und Influencern zuzurechnen, als eben der großen allgemeinen Verunsicherung, die dieses Virus ausgelöst hat. Als Maß dieser Verunsicherung können die teilweise ganz erheblichen Reichweitengewinne für etablierte Medienorganisationen gelten. Die öffentlich-rechtlichen und privaten Informationsangebote des Fernsehens, praktisch die gesamte Presse – offline wie online – und auch das öffentlich-rechtlich organisierte Radio verzeichneten deutliche Zuwächse. In unsicheren Zeiten wächst der Bedarf an zuverlässigen Informationen, die man offenbar am ehesten bei etablierten und vertrauenswürdigen Anbietern erwartete. Dieses Verhalten bleibt allerdings gekoppelt an die Voraussetzung, dass man den genannten Medien dieses Zutrauen auch entgegenbringt. Der Anteil derjenigen, für die das nicht zutrifft, wird von einschlägigen Umfragen auf etwa ein Fünftel beziffert. Sie sehen das Mediensystem mit den Mächtigen im Bunde, zweifeln an dessen Unabhängigkeit und Akkuratesse. Da aber das Corona-Virus auch diese Gruppe verunsichert, dürfte auch sogenannten alternativen Medien ein vergrößertes Einflusspotenzial zuzurechnen sein. Die Medienabhängigkeit der Journalismuskritikerinnen und -kritiker dürfte sogar deutlich stärker ausgeprägt sein. Denn diese Gruppe muss ja nicht nur die soziale Unsicherheit bewältigen, die mit der Verbreitung des Corona-Virus zusammenhängt. Sie sieht sich darüber hinaus fortgesetzt dem Problem gegenüber, dass ihre Deutungen der Situation in Widerspruch stehen zur dominanten öffentlichen Meinung, die sich in den traditionellen Medien ausbildet. Und genau das befördert Unsicherheit und erzeugt fortgesetzt Bedarf, sich der Richtigkeit seiner Minderheitenposition zu versichern." (Seite 267-268)
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"Die Medieninhaltsanalysen in Kapitel 2 zeigen, dass Entwicklungspolitik absolut und anteilig betrachtet in den Medien nur eine geringe Rolle spielt. Während der ersten Monate der Corona-Pandemie Anfang 2020 ging die Aufmerksamkeit, die TV-Nachrichten und Beiträge in Printmedien auf das Themenfeld
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richteten, weiter zurück. Auf Twitter konnte dieser negative Trend allerdings nicht beobachtet werden. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass die mediale Berichterstattung nicht dazu führen dürfte, dass die Bevölkerung dem Thema Entwicklungspolitik große Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Die Themenfelder, an die entwicklungspolitische Inhalte anknüpfen, variieren zwischen den untersuchten Mediengattungen. Flucht und Migration spielen jedoch in allen drei Gattungen (TV, Print, Twitter) eine wichtige Rolle. In TV-Nachrichten der öffentlich-rechtlichen Sender und in Zeitungsartikeln wird Entwicklungspolitik häufig im Zusammenhang mit Krieg und Konflikt erwähnt. Auf Twitter tritt Entwicklungspolitik häufig mit Bezug zu Klimawandel und Epidemien auf. Dabei befasst sich die Berichterstattung in TV-Nachrichten und Printmedien hauptsächlich mit staatlichen und internationalen politischen Akteuren. Akteure aus dem zivilgesellschaftlichen Bereich sind hingegen stärker auf Twitter präsent. Die Tonalität der Berichterstattung über Entwicklungspolitik fällt in der regionalen Presse positiver aus als in der überregionalen. Letztere berichtet in der Tendenz eher neutral. Auf Twitter wird hingegen mit positiverer Tonalität über das Themenfeld kommuniziert." (Zusammenfassung, Seite vii-viii)
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