"This analysis of the Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan “On Media” (Media Law) by the Centre for Law and Democracy (CLD) seeks to enrich and deepen the criticisms and analyses already made of the Law, based on international human rights standards, in particular the right to freedom of expression
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. Azerbaijan has long had a poor track record in terms of respect for freedom of expression and, overall, despite some positive features, the Media Law will likely contribute more to the challenges than to addressing them." (Executive summary)
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"The Global Handbook of Media Accountability brings together leading scholars to 'de-Westernize' the academic debate on media accountability and discuss different models of media self-regulation and newsroom transparency around the globe. With examination of the status quo of media accountability in
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forty-four countries worldwide, it offers a theoretically informed, comparative analysis of accountability regimes of different varieties. As such, it constitutes the first interdisciplinary academic framework comparing structures of media accountability across all continents and represents an invaluable basis for further research and policy-making. It will therefore appeal to scholars and students of media studies and journalism, mass communication, sociology and political science, as well as policy-makers and practitioners." (Publisher description)
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"International assistance actors have played an important role in supporting media reforms in Ukraine. Their long-term, continuous efforts planted the seeds for groundbreaking media environment changes during Ukraine’s democratic transition. International donors’ sustained engagement in Ukraine
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laid the groundwork for the major transitions, primarily by facilitating the emergence and development of the vibrant and powerful local civil society. Notwithstanding the prolonged periods of “lost hope” and stagnation, which might have discouraged some other activists from policy development and advocacy, Ukrainian CSMOs have managed to pursue their strategic priorities even under challenging circumstances and quickly consolidated their efforts at a crucial moment in Ukraine’s modern history — right in the aftermath of the Revolution of Dignity, in the spring of 2014. Ukrainian CSOs were ready and courageous enough to step in when the state and its institutions were extremely weakened and to assume their roles in certain fields. Both the CSMOs and donors jumped at the opportunity presented by the revolution: several innovative media reforms, which had been drafted and redrafted over many years, were adopted in a matter of few weeks in the spring of 2014. That success would have been impossible without the preparatory work done during the preceding years." (Conclusion, page 20)
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"Worldwide, the revenue base for journalism has been disrupted by digital innovation and the dominance of technology platforms in the audience and advertiser-facing markets. Revenue models relied upon by news and information services have collapsed, and credible journalism and its social function ar
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e at risk. Future-proofing the viability and sustainability of public interest journalism in Africa must encourage platforms to pay fair value for the benefit derived. This will require trust and collaboration between governments, the news and information services that produce public interest journalism, and civil society. To achieve this, three pillars grounded in the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression and Access to Information in Africa are proposed, namely: i) designation of public interest journalism as a public good, ii) incorporation of national public media funds to resource the supply of public interest journalism and safeguard its public value, and iii) draw revenue for these funds from a collective fee mechanism paid by digital indexing and publishing platforms." (Page 1)
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"Since gaining independence after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine has lurched along an unsteady path toward accountable democratic governance. Yet despite the country's volatile politics and the escalating conflict with Russia leading up to the full-scale invasion of Ukraine in
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February 2022, Ukrainian reformers and their allies have made significant progress in reshaping the country's media climate." (Page 1)
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"This study is unique in its attempt to map both law and policy (regulation and self-regulation) and identify measures to promote gender equality in the media and women’s freedom of expression. The study covers policy instruments adopted at international, regional, national, industry and media hou
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se levels in over 100 countries. Parallel to the global study, case studies have been developed in a sample of countries in which Fojo Media Institute is active: Armenia, Bangladesh, Rwanda, Somalia, Sweden and Zimbabwe. The analysis reveals patterns of inconsistencies between commitment to gender equality in national policies, as well as gender equality in media policies and legislation. Widespread interest in gender equality at the overall international and national level does not appear to filter into statutory media sector regulation." (Executive summary)
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"It’s clear that there are plenty of good ideas about how to save journalism as well as practical proposals for how to support quality information. The journalism community in much of the world is galvanized to make change happen and they’re ready to persuade the public and policy makers both th
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at something needs to be done and that something can be done. The political events of recent years show that democracy is at stake here [...] The success of responsible, good journalism will depend not just on financial support but on the media ecology in which it located—the extent to which, for instance, it has to compete against unregulated and irresponsible social media. As the broader discussion moves towards creating regulatory and policy frameworks for supporting independent, quality information—including through taxes on big tech that could be earmarked to fund independent and local news—and curbing, by at least holding accountable, media that spread a multitude of social harms, it’s important to remember the most important aspect of the enabling environment has to be respect for freedom of expression." (Conclusion)
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"En Argentina la libertad de expresión está garantizada oficialmente desde la sanción de la primera constitución en 1853. Los medios de comunicación operan en un marco formal de libertad, no exenta de presiones por parte del Estado y de los intereses comerciales. La prensa escrita no cuenta con
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una regulación específica, mientras que la radio y la televisión deben observar un régimen jurídico particular. Existen regulaciones generales para la protección del honor y la intimidad y la seguridad nacional. Las nuevas tecnologías han suscitado un importante debate social y político, pero no se han sancionado leyes específicas y la justicia ha resuelto casos específicos y polémicos. Por ahora, la capacidad de intervención estatal sobre las plataformas y las redes sociales es muy limitada." (Resumen)
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"This report presents four models of direct media subsidies in Europe: from Serbia, Croatia, Sweden and the European Union as well as an overview of reduced VAT rates for newspapers, digital publications and periodicals in EU countries and Serbia. In recent years, the value of direct state aid for m
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edia has been questioned, while indirect subsidies, such as tax exemptions, have been the model preferred by governments and welcomed by media owners. This is especially the case with reduced VAT rates, which have been introduced in all EU Member States and beyond." (Executive summary)
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"This paper explores the instances and circumstances under which the media community in Kenya has closely worked with the government to introduce media reforms though new legislation and related policies. It focuses on changes that have been enacted over the last decade and, in particular, those aim
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ed at responding to challenges related to media viability. The study also explores media-exclusive initiatives that have indirectly influenced policy on the media market." (Introduction, page 2)
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"The traditional business model of the news media has been deeply eroded by a shift in advertising revenues to online platforms. Media outlets must intensify efforts towards more inclusive journalism, alternative business models and diversified revenue streams. Urgent action from other actors is als
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o required in order to save – and ideally expand – the range of news providers serving the public. Injections of essential revenue for trustworthy journalism can come from donors, public subsidies, and financial support from tech companies. But such investment should come without strings attached. Multi-stakeholder task-forces or commissions of inquiry can tailor solutions – and help to prevent new funding from compromising editorial independence." (Key trends, page 1)
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"This report explores the local-specific contextual concerns stemming from global, non-transparent, and profit-driven content moderation processes of social media. The report analyses what happens when certain local communities and countries are 'invisible' to social media platforms and illustrates
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how cross-sectoral collaboration in the form of a coalition for freedom of expression and content moderation could help these communities engage with social media platforms and have a voice in content moderation cases that impact their society." (Executive summary)
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"This book, produced on behalf of the IFLA Copyright and other Legal Matters (CLM) Advisory Committee, provides basic and advanced information about copyright, outlines limitations and exceptions, discusses communicating with users and highlights emerging copyright issues. The chapters note the sign
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ificance of the topic; describe salient points of the law and legal concepts; present selected comparisons of approaches around the world; highlight opportunities for reform and advocacy; and help libraries and librarians find their way through the copyright maze." (Publisher description)
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"This guide is intended to provide user-friendly, practical guidance for journalists and newsrooms seeking to understand the Russian “fake news” laws, and how they’ve been applied to local and international press." (Page 1)
"This study seeks to provide new knowledge and analysis about gender-equality related provisions in regulations, self-regulatory frameworks and policies concerning media in Bangladesh. It also explores their implementation and monitoring aspects. It seeks to provide clear recommendations and cite be
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st practices that can assist stakeholders including law and policy-makers to promote gender equality in and through the media without compromising professional independence. For clarifying the contextual situations and ground realities, it also seeks to provide qualitative reflections accumulated through the research process." (Executive summary, page 10)
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"Este trabajo tiene como objetivo avanzar en la comprensión de una serie de casos del Sistema Interamericano de extraordinario contenido y valor para fortalecer el rol de los jueces en la prevención de situaciones que vulneren el derecho a libertad de expresión, el acceso a la información, así
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como la protección de periodistas." (Introducción)
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"Desde el año 2004, la Ley de Radio y Televisión reconoce a las radios y televisoras comunitarias como un tipo de servicio de radiodifusión en función de sus objetivos o fines. Sin embargo, la propia norma, su reglamentación y su implementación -a cargo del Ministerio de Transportes y Comunica
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ciones- han limitado drásticamente el crecimiento y las potencialidades de la radiodifusión comunitaria en un país pluricultural y a la vez con un alto nivel de concentración mediática como el Perú. La norma ofrece una definición acotada de la radiodifusión comunitaria a ámbitos territoriales, identitarios y caracterizados por un alto nivel de pobreza económica, al señalar que se trata de estaciones “ubicadas en comunidades campesinas, nativas e indígenas, áreas rurales o de preferente interés social”. También restringe la amplitud y diversidad de las programaciones que pueden implementar las estaciones de radio y televisión al señalar que estarán destinadas “principalmente a fomentar la identidad y costumbres” de las comunidades en las que se prestan los servicios. La radiodifusión comunitaria se ha convertido, en gran medida, en sinónimo de marginalidad. Los medios comunitarios quedan así apartados de los ámbitos urbanos, especialmente de las ciudades grandes e intermedias del país, contextos en los cuales se toman decisiones de política pública nacional o local y en los que persisten variadas problemáticas sociales, más allá de la pobreza económica, y actúan organizaciones sociales diversas." (Conclusiones, página 24-25)
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"En el marco de la crisis de los modelos de financiamiento de los servicios audiovisuales, el sector de los medios comunitarios, populares, alternativos e indígenas no ha consolidado estrategias económicas duraderas y robustas. Sin embargo, esto no les ha impedido mantener sus emisiones aún en co
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ntextos de cierre de medios y pérdidas de puestos laborales en el periodismo [...] Por otra parte, se trata de proyectos comunicacionales que, en muchos casos, tienen como público destinatario a comunidades pequeñas, sectores sociales vulnerables o grupos poco atractivos como consumidores. Por eso, la opción de la publicidad comercial como fuente de recursos no parece ser una alternativa viable para todas las emisoras comunitarias e indígenas. A eso se suma la marginación de este sector de la publicidad oficial de distintos distritos estatales y la ausencia de subsidios o líneas de fomento que incluyan el pago de salarios por un tiempo determinado. Todos estos aspectos limitan la capacidad de estas emisoras de lograr ingresos constantes para mantener una planta de trabajadores estable. Esta situación emerge como una debilidad de atención para el sector." (Conclusiones, página 35)
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