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Journalists' Safety & Resilience

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Información entre el terror y el centavo: Derecho humano de libre información en el Valle del Cauca

Reporteros sin Fronteras;Federación Colombiana de Periodistas (Fecolper) (2015), 17 pp.

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Prevent and Punish: In Search of Solutions to Fight Violence Against Journalists

Eduardo Bertoni

Paris: UNESCO (2015), 25 pp.

"This paper serves as an overview of the global pattern of crimes committed against media workers, the impunity connected with such acts, and the steps both the international community and individual states have taken to confront the situation. The first chapter introduces the magnitude of the trend ... more

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Safety Guide for Journalists: A Handbook for Reporters in High-Risk Environments

Paris: Reporters Without Borders;UNESCO (2015), 143 pp.

"The Safety Guide for Journalists issued by Reporters Without Borders is aimed at providing guidelines and practical advice for all those who risk running into an enemy of press freedom on a street corner or on a deserted road. Such a situation can quickly test the difference between a happy-go-luck ... more

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Evaluación de riesgos de periodistas de Veracruz

Javier Garza Ramos, Jorge Lius Sierra, Celia Guerrero

Centro Internacional para Periodistas (2015), 14 pp.

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La palabra y el silencio: La violencia contra periodistas en Colombia (1977-2015)

Germán Rey et al.

Bogotá: Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (2015), 400 pp.

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Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales
Key Guidance

Article 19;World Press Photo (2015), 108 pp.

"Esta guía pretende proveer los elementos necesarios para establecer un protocolo de seguridad en una diversidad de contextos; así como recomendaciones prácticas para hacer frente a diversas situaciones. La guía está enfocada en todos los periodistas visuales, en particular aquellos que trabaja ... more

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Safety Net Manual: Guidelines for Journalists in Extraordinary or Emergency Situations

Saša Lekovic, Jorgos Papadakis, Slaðana Matejevic

Vienna: South East Europe Media Organisation (SEEMO) (2015), 78 pp.

"This manual contains definitions, advice and practical examples connected to the regular activities of media workers and media outlets in extraordinary situations, like reporting from conflict areas, during demonstrations and social unrest, about natural and other disasters, and reporting under int ... more

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Medio siglo de agresiones a periodistas: Síntesis estadística de asesinatos y desapariciones en América Latina (1970-2015)

Bernardo Díaz Nosty

Contratexto (Universidad de Lima), issue 24 (2015), pp. 171-201

"Desde 1970, hay constancia en América Latina de más de mil periodistas asesinados o desaparecidos forzados, por razones que han variado a lo largo del tiempo. Desde las medidas represivas propias del terrorismo de Estado, en los años de las dictaduras militares, a la conjunción actual de circun ... more

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Focused Assessment of Media Development in Libya: Safety of Journalists and Professional Capacity Building. A Baseline Report Based on a Selection of UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators (categories 3 and 4)

Clara Tardy, Adrian Carriere

Altai Consulting;UNESCO (2015), 29 pp.

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Journalists at risk: Looking beyond just physical safety

Stephen Jukes

Future of Journalism Conference (2015), 12 pp.

"Hardly a day goes by when we are not reminded of the hazards of modern journalism. The already unacceptably high levels of intimidation, kidnapping and killing have escalated still further with the civil conflict in Iraq and Syria and the series of brutal beheadings carried out by ISIS. But while m ... more

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The psychological effects of reporting extreme violence: A study of Kenyan journalists

Anthony Feinstein, Justus Wanga, John Owen

Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Open, volume 6, issue 9 (2015), pp. 1-6

"Objective: To assess the psychological health of journalists in Kenya who have reported on, and been exposed to, extreme violence. Design: Descriptive. Psychological responses were elicited to two stressors, the ethnic violence surrounding the disputed 2007 general election and the Al-Shabab attack ... more

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Ukraine: Reporting Conflict. A Practical Guide for Journalists

Thomson Foundation (2015), 18 pp.

"This short booklet aims to provide some pointers and practical advice on how to stay safe while getting closer to the heart of what is going on. It is not an exhaustive guide to reporting conflict but a short introduction to some of the challenges reporters face in a bitterly divided area. Expect t ... more

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Risk and journalism in the digital age

Adrian Hadland

African Journalism Studies, volume 36, issue 1 (2015), pp. 129-134

"The shocking beheading of several Western journalists during 2014, including the Americans Steven Sotloff and James Foley and the Briton David Haines, and the wide dissemination of their murder videos on the Internet, is a graphic, gruesome signal that something has changed in the relationship betw ... more

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Journalism at Risk: Threats, Challenges and Perspectives

Strasbourg: Council of Europe (2015), 272 pp.

"Is journalism under threat? The image of journalists, as helmeted war correspondents protected by bullet-proof vests and armed only with cameras and microphones, springs to mind. Physical threats are only the most visible dangers, however. Journalists and journalism itself are facing other threats ... more

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Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline

Sam Dubberley, Elizabeth Griffin, Haluk Mert Bal

Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.

"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... non professionals and posted online. These professionals are tasked with viewing and sifting through massive volumes of eyewitness media - that is, raw, unedited, authentic footage now captured regularly on smartphones - to enhance their investigations, reporting, operations, prosecutions and advocacy. Professionals who work with eyewitness media watch disturbing footage from war zones, natural and manmade disasters and accidents over and over again to verify its veracity and to edit out images that are deemed too extreme for viewing by the general public. Viewing traumatic images of death, destruction, blood and unimaginable horrors all day every day - often for years on end - is now an integral part of the daily work of many desk-bound staff working for news, human rights and humanitarian organisations who are often located thousands of miles away from where the actual horrors occur. Whether it is a broadcaster, publisher, human rights or humanitarian professional, symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now evident amongst staff working in offices on what we call the digital frontline. This study builds upon previous research that proved that viewing distressing eyewitness media can lead psychological injury, including, but not restricted to, such conditions as PTSD and major depression. The principle aim of this research is to explore the following questions: How much distressing eyewitness media are professionals, who work in the three professional sectors, watching? How frequently, and in what volumes are professionals viewing distressing eyewitness media? What kinds of eyewitness media do professionals find particularly distressing?" What coping mechanisms, if any, have been developed by staff to help mitigate the potentially negative effects of viewing distressing content? - What support, if any, do professionals receive from their organisations and senior managers? - Does organisational culture encourage or prevent professionals from requesting support from their organisation’s hierarchy? What training and preparation is provided to raise awareness of or mitigate the adverse impact of trauma exposure on university graduates, newcomers and those established in post? What resources do organisations provide to prevent, mitigate and treat the adverse impact of trauma exposure? Which of those resources have been used? Which are found to be the most useful? What do staff who experience vicarious trauma need and expect from their organisations in order to support them? Based on an online survey (to which we received 209 responses from people working with eyewitness media across all three professional sectors) and 38 in-depth, anonymous interviews we find that: the impact of eyewitness media on journalism, human rights and humanitarian work means that the frontline is no longer geographic. A new type of frontline has emerged that is digital. Staff at an organisation’s headquarters who work with eyewitness media do so daily and often see more horror on a daily basis compared to their counterparts deployed in the field. Consequently, organisations have a duty of care towards office based staff working on the digital frontline who are at serious risk of vicarious trauma and PTSD [...] " (Executive summary, page 3-5) more

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Journalists die: Who cares?

Stefanie Pukallus, Jackie Harrison

British Journalism Review, volume 26, issue 1 (2015), pp. 63-68

"New research suggests readers are ready to hear more about the dangers faced by those who bring them the news." (Abstract)

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Journalist in Africa: A high-risk profession under threat

Marie-Soleil Frère

Journal of African Media Studies, volume 6, issue 2 (2014), pp. 181-198

"Every year, several international organizations monitoring press freedom worldwide issue reports in which they underline the occupational hazards faced by journalists while reporting. Some African countries, such as Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia or Equatorial Guinea, have been regularly pinpointed at the ... more

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Journalism in times of violence: Social media use by US and Mexican journalists working in northern Mexico

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

Digital Journalism, volume 2, issue 4 (2014), pp. 507-523

"Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of U ... more

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Combating Impunity of Crimes against Press Freedom

Barigbon Gbara Nsereka, Hyacinth Chimene Orlu-Orlu

New Media and Mass Communication, volume 21 (2014), pp. 29-39

"Worried by the rising incidence of arrests, detention, jail, harassment and even murder of journalists across the world, all of which are crimes against press freedom, this paper takes a look at the reasons for the unpunished offences against press men and women and examines the efforts made to com ... more

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The Main Challenges for the OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media

Dunja Mijatovic

Security and Human Rights, volume 24 (2014), pp. 325-332

"This article focuses on the interdependence between security and human rights. The author advocates that freedom of expression and free media – two basic human rights – play increasingly important roles in fostering a meaningful debate on security issues and that they can help us to effectively ... more

Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales Key Guidance

Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales
Key Guidance