commbox Journalists' Safety & Resilience

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Occupational Hazards: Individual and Professional Factors of Why Journalists Become Victims of Online Hate Speech

Magdalena Obermaier

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 838-856

"Journalists are regularly exposed to online hate speech their profession. Because discrimination often harms targets and can prompt self-censorship in journalistic content, undermining journalism’s public duty, it is essential to understand factors explaining why journalists become victims of onl ... more

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“Don’t Touch Me”: Sexual Harassments, Digital Threats, and Social Resistance Toward Kuwaiti Female Journalists

Fatima Alsalem

In: The Palgrave Handbook of Gender, Media and Communication in the Middle East and North Africa

Loubna H. Skalli; Nahed Eltantawy (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), pp. 373-390

"This study examines the obstacles and challenges faced by female journalists in Kuwait. It explores a set of interrelated factors that discourage women from working in the media, such as gender inequality, sexual harassment, threats, social resistance, and cultural barriers. The study uses a mixed ... more

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“You can Run, but You Cannot Hide!” Mapping Journalists’ Experiences With Hostility in Personal, Organizational, and Professional Domains

Signe Ivask, Angelina Lon

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 199–213

"Our study describes how hostility reaches journalists and their reactions to the experiences. Semi-structured interviews with 18 Estonian journalists were conducted in 2021 from June to December. We divided journalists’ experiences into personal, professional, and organizational domains. One key ... more

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Impact of Job Risks on Job Performance and Propensity to Quit Journalism among Television Camerapersons Covering Conflicts in Nigeria

Verlumun Celestine Gever, Felix Olajide Talabi, Joshua Kayode Okunade, Ayodeji Boluwatife Aiyesimoju, Bernice Sanusi, Samson Adedapo Bello, Oberiri Destiny Apuke

Electronic News, volume 17, issue 2 (2023), pp. 76-92

"This study examined the impact of job risks on job performance and the propensity to quit journalism among 576 TV camerapersons covering insecurity in Nigeria. The result of the study showed a significant main effect of job risks on job performance, F(2,548)*=*241.016, p*=*.001, eta squared, *p2*=* ... more

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Becoming a Target: Journalists’ Perspectives on Anti-Press Discourse and Experiences with Hate Speech

Cedomir Markov, Ana Dordevic

Journalism Practice, volume 18, issue 2 (2023), pp. 283-300

"In many parts of the world, journalists work in increasingly hostile environments. To better understand the characteristics and implications of hostility against the press in a hybrid regime, this study explores how journalists in Serbia perceive and experience anti-press hate speech. Based on 20 i ... more

Digital Safety Snacks

PEN America (2023)

"PEN America, the Online News Association, and the International Women’s Media Foundation have teamed up to create Digital Safety Snacks, step-by-step videos to help you defend yourself against online abuse. We’ll explain how to protect your most sensitive accounts from hackers and how to dox yo ... more

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Reporting Trauma: Conflict Journalists’ Exposure to Potentially Traumatizing Events, Short- and Long-Term Consequences, and Coping Behavior

Magdalena Obermaier, Annemarie Wiedicke, Nina Steindl, Thomas Hanitzsch

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 11 (2023), pp. 1398-1417

"Due to the nature of their jobs, journalists reporting from theaters of war, destruction, and violence are frequently exposed to potentially traumatizing experience. This study explores how journalists go about trauma exposure, how they deal with its emotional fallout, and what support they get in ... more

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Uncensored journalism in censored times: Challenges of reporting on Azerbaijan

Arzu Geybulla

Journalism, volume 24, issue 2 (2023), pp. 313–327

"Azerbaijan is an authoritarian regime, whose government maintains a tight grip over the media landscape. Independent and opposition media are regularly persecuted, with journalists and their family members intimidated by law enforcement agencies via arrests, beating, threats and other forms of pers ... more

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Psychological and Physical Lived Experiences of Journalists Covering Terrorism in Kenya

Benjamin Muindi

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 251-266

"This research is based on 28 in-depth interviews with Kenya-based journalists who report terrorism. The objective of the research was to recount their lived experiences. The theme of safety of journalists comprised psychological and physical safety of the newspeople, and there were various ways in ... more

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Better Safe Than Sorry

Jaron Murphy

In: Challenges and New Directions in Journalism Education

Karen Fowler-Watt (ed.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), 15 pp.

"Firstly, this chapter provides an overview of the generally dreadful state of press freedom worldwide, with online and physical attacks on journalists commonplace. In doing so, it surveys research data from leading international organisations advocating for journalism safety, which collectively ill ... more

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Syrian journalists covering the war: Assessing perceptions of fear and security

Lidia Peralta Garcia, Tania Ouariachi

Media, War & Conflict, volume 16, issue 1 (2023), pp. 44-62

"This article analyses the dangers and threats faced by Syrian journalists covering the conflict since the pro-democracy protests erupted in March 2011. While most Western research on the Syrian Revolution has focused on the working difficulties faced by correspondents, parachutists or foreign freel ... more

Assessing the risks of journalists reporting in conflict zones: A case study of Somalia

Anne Maureen Syallow

International Journal of Advanced Mass Communication and Journalism, volume 4, issue 1 (2023), pp. 16-20

"This study was conducted to assess the risks journalists face while reporting in Somalia. It was guided by three specific objectives that included: evaluating the cases of physical attacks on journalists reporting in Somalia, analyzing the cases of arbitrary arrests and imprisonments of journalists ... more

Preparing to publish: How journalists negotiate content restrictions in semi-authoritarian states

Ruth Moon

International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 2 (2023), pp. 120-140

"Journalists act strategically in response to their political environments, using practices like self-censorship to avoid negative repercussions from powerful actors. But what does self-censorship look like in practice? Grounded in theories of policy response and media sociology, this study uses jou ... more

WorldCat (10)

From Precariously Managing Risks to Building Social Resilience: The Safety of Women Journalists in Brazil

Alice Baroni, Simone Marinho

Journalism Studies, volume 24, issue 7 (2023), pp. 936-955

"Attacks on journalists and the media in Brazil have a long history but have become even more problematic through the use of social media, particularly following the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president in 2019. In times of industry restructuring and coronavirus pandemic, the systematic attacks o ... more

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Exploring Trauma Literacy Quotient Among Indian Journalists and a Way Forward in Post-Pandemic Era: A Case Study of India

K. Shilpa, A. Kumari, M. M. Das, Tanushree Sharma, S. K. Biswal

Journalism & Mass Communication Educator, volume 78, issue 2 (2023), pp. 267–288

"The American Psychological Association defines trauma as “an emotional response to a terrible event. . . .” Trauma can be experienced as a response to either physical or emotionally disturbing circumstances. The Journalism and the Pandemic Project from the International Center for Journalists ( ... ICFJ) and the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University, in their global survey of journalists, have studied the impact of the pandemic on journalists across the globe. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused varying degrees of disruptions in the personal and professional lives of journalists. Traumatic experiences like covering traumatic events up close, COVID-induced health issues, job loss, pay cuts, and insecurity at the workplace have consumed journalists like never before. Overwhelming emotions like shock, helplessness, loneliness, depression, and anxiety are some of the reactions observed by mental health experts. Indian journalists, too, like their counterparts across the globe, have had to take on the challenges posed by this unprecedented crisis. This article intends to study the impact of the pandemic on Indian journalists both from physical and emotional perspectives. The objectives of the study include—(a) to analyze the journalists’ response to traumatic experiences during the pandemic, (b) to study the nature of trauma experienced by journalists during the pandemic, (c) to analyze how traumatic experiences affected the journalists, and (d) to explore and analyze how journalists managed to cope with the traumatic experiences. The study adopts social cognitive theory (SCT) as the framework. SCT comprises four goal realization processes: self-observation, self-evaluation, self-reaction, and self-efficacy. The four components are interrelated, and all influence motivation and goal attainment. Social cognition includes diverse processes linking the perception of social information with a behavioral response, including perception, attention, decision-making, memory, and emotion. The post-traumatic reactions include re-experiencing the traumatic event in flashbacks, recurrent nightmares, and intrusive memories, hypervigilant arousal, impaired concentration, depression, sleep disturbances, self-devaluation, avoidance of reminders of traumatic experiences, emotional detachment from others, and disengagement from aspects of life that provide meaning and self-fulfillment, which impair intrapersonal, interpersonal, and occupational functioning. The scope of the study covers the journalists’ responses to traumatic experiences specific to the pandemic. The study adopts a mixed research method with a thematic analysis of the qualitative data from interviews of journalists followed by a factor analysis of the quantitative data from the survey of the journalists." (Abstract) more

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Dicing with death: Analyzing the killings of Pakistani journalists with a focus on Arshad Sharif case

Rabia Noor, Noshina Nazir

Journal of ISOSS, volume 9, issue 2 (2023), pp. 631-642

"Journalists in Pakistan are losing their lives during the course of their duty. This study identifies the factors and actors behind the killings of Pakistani journalists and the role of stakeholders and media owners in compromising journalists’ safety, under the lens of social responsibility theo ... more

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Syrian Journalists Covering the War: Assessing Perceptions of Fear and Security

Lidia Peralta García

Media, War & Conflict, volume 16, issue 1 (2023), pp. 44-62

WorldCat (13)

Building Resilience Through Trauma Literacy in J-Schools

Lada Trifonova Price, Ola Ogunyemi

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon; Avery E. Holton; Mark Deuze; Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 47-56

"This chapter explores what educators can do to help students cope with trauma that they are likely to experience during their studies and in their future practice." (Abstract)

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Has Journalism Forgotten the Journalists?

John Crowley

In: Happiness in Journalism

Valérie Bélair-Gagnon; Avery E. Holton; Mark Deuze; Claudia Mellado (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2023), pp. 187-189

"This essay argues that more qualitative research is needed to assess why journalists are reporting burnout, taking time off work, and in some cases leaving the profession." (Abstract)