"This publication puts deep-rooted community ownership at the heart of sustainability and real impact of community radios. Jallov focuses on core processes to reach the most adequate realization of a station according to the specific needs and context of the community. Based on her rich hands-on-exp
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erience, she provides examples illustrating processes of preparation, establishment, and building of long-term sustainability and empowerment, as well as the provision of an enabling environment. Practical advice ranges from planning needs assessments and strategic plans to managing partnerships and practising community-based impact assessment. Written in a clear, straightforward way, 'Empowerment radio' does an excellent job in providing guidance both on conceptual and practical aspects of community radio broadcasting." (CAMECO Update 2-2012)
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"Panos is working with 20 radio stations across Uganda to give voice to the voiceless through facilitating debate. It isagainst this background that Panos Eastern Africa (PEA) has developed this Guide to help our partner radio stations and journalists improve the quality of their debate and hope it
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will be useful to the media in general. The guide therefore highlights the role of radio producers and moderators in reaching rural communities recognizing that they too can set agenda for news and debate on radio, thereby positively contributing to the country’s development in all spheres. The rural debate methodology has highlighted the potential radio has to create an informed society that can hold leaders at the different levels to account." (Foreword)
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"For community radio stations, one important gauge of relevance is the Popularity of their programming outputs, as without evidence of this it is difficult to justify providing access to scarce broadcast frequency resources. In part, the popularity ofprogramming outputs can be assessed through varia
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nts of the type ofquantitative research carried out for larger stations by the Radio Joint Audience Research Limited (RAJAR). However because such research ‘does not produce listening figures for a particular Programme on a particular day‘ (Lister et al 2010: 67) it cannot provide detailed qualitative data concerning how satisfied individuals are with the speciflc content of Particular programming. More broadly, its generic audience sample is not best suited to surveying niche listening, such as, for example, to minority language outputs. With the above in mind, how might individual community radio stations approach the issue of audience research so that they can obtain cost-effective and reasonably reliable data suitable for their needs? The following case study examines the approach taken by one particular community radio station serving a ‘community of place' that is the city of Norwich in the east of England." (Page 349)
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"Despite the enthusiasm for community-owned radio, a movement which has been steadily gaining pace since the implementation of new legislation of 2006, we are yet to find an understanding of who the community is in community radio. Through an extended case study, this analysis shows how “community
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participation” is constantly shifting. It presents three arguments: “community” is not a discrete entity; communities are dynamic; and communities are cognitive constructs." (Introduction)
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"This report presents the main findings of three regional surveys on participation at local and community radio stations in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Pacific. The studies examined the involvement of the radio stations’ communities in programming, management, ownership and funding. Partic
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ipation of the community is an important feature of almost all stations participating in the survey. In all regions, involvement in programming is strongest. Results show that “traditional” forms of listener involvement, such as participation in talk shows or call-in programmes - which can also be found at public or commercial radio stations – are most frequent in local/community radios. Participation in management, ownership and funding are less common. Whereas the ranking of the various areas of participation is similar throughout the regions, differences exist in their importance: Latin American radios top participation in programming, but they are far below average in management and ownership. In Africa, the level of participation in financing and ownership is comparatively high. In Asia, participation in management plays a crucial role. The majority of the stations generate revenue through multiple sources. In Latin America, advertising is of primary importance, in Africa, sale of airtime and funding by foreign and local donors are relatively significant, while in Asia, governmental support plays a bigger role than in the other two continents. Lack of funds is seen as the most severe constraint for an increased participation of communities in all regions covered by the survey. An early involvement of the communities (in the planning and implementation phase) and their organisation in listeners' clubs are two factors that lead to stronger participation." (Abstract)
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"Ce rapport présente les principales conclusions de trois enquêtes régionales sur la participation dans certaines stations de radio locales et communautaires en Afrique, en Asie, en Amérique latine et en Océanie. Les enquêtes ont porté sur la participation des communautés dans la programmati
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on, la gestion, la propriété et le financement des radios. Les résultats ne sont en aucun cas représentatifs; ils fourniront cependant une base pour la poursuite de recherches plus approfondies et conduiront à une publication. La participation de la communauté est un élément important pour presque toutes les stations qui ont participé à l'enquête. Dans toutes les régions, la participation dans la programmation est la plus forte. Les résultats montrent que les formes «traditionnelles» de la participation des auditeurs, comme la participation à des talk-shows ou à des programmes interactifs – présentes également dans les radios publiques ou commerciales, sont très fréquentes dans les radios locales et/ou communautaires. La participation à la gestion, à la propriété et au financement est moins répandue. Bien que le classement des différents domaines de la participation soit semblable dans toutes les régions, il présente certaines différences dans leur importance : les radios d'Amérique latine montrent une participation particulièrement élevée dans la programmation, mais sont de loin inférieures à la moyenne au niveau de la gestion et la propriété. En Afrique, le niveau de participation dans le financement et la propriété est relativement élevé. En Asie la participation à la gestion joue un rôle important. La majorité des stations génèrent des revenus par des sources et des activités multiples et variées. En Amérique latine, la publicité est d'une importance primordiale; en Afrique, la vente de temps d’antenne ainsi que le financement par des donateurs étrangers et locaux sont deux facteurs relativement notables, tandis qu'en Asie, l'appui du gouvernement joue un rôle plus important que dans les deux autres continents. Le manque de fonds est considéré comme la contrainte la plus forte pour une participation accrue des communautés dans toutes les régions couvertes par l'enquête. Une implication précoce des communautés (dès les phases de planification et de mise en oeuvre) et leur organisation en clubs d’auditeurs sont deux facteurs qui conduisent à une plus forte participation." (Résumé)
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"Este informe presenta los principales resultados de tres sondeos regionales sobre la participación en las radios locales y comunitarias en África, América Latina, Asia y el Pacífico. Los sondeos investigaron la participación de las respectivas comunidades en la programación, la gestión, la p
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ropiedad y el financiamiento de las emisoras. La participación de la comunidad es un elemento importante en casi todas las radios participantes en este sondeo. En todos los continentes, la participación se da con mayor fuerza en el área de la programación. Los resultados muestran que las formas 'tradicionales' de participación de los oyentes, como los programas de entrevistas o la participación por teléfono – también muy de uso en la radio pública o comercial - son las más frecuentes en la radio local y comunitaria. La participación en la gestión, la propiedad y el financiamiento es menos común. Mientras la clasificación de las diferentes áreas de participación es similar a través de las regiones investigadas, se dan sin embargo ciertas diferencias de importancia: las emisoras latinoamericanas tienen mayor participación a nivel de la programación, pero están por debajo del promedio en las áreas de gestión y propiedad. En África el nivel de participación en el financiamiento y la propiedad es relativamente alto. En Asia la participación en la gestión juega un papel fundamental. La mayoría de las radios genera ingresos por una variedad de fuentes. En América Latina la publicidad es de primera importancia, en África la venta de espacios radiales y el financiamiento por donantes locales y extranjeros tienen un peso significativo, mientras que en Asia el financiamiento del estado juega un papel mayor que en los otros dos continentes. En todas las regiones que cubrió el sondeo, se percibe la falta de fondos como el limitante más severo para lograr una mayor participación de las comunidades. Un compromiso 'temprano' de las comunidades (ya en la fase de planificación y ejecución) y la existencia de clubes de oyentes son dos factores que conducen a una participación más intensa." (Resumen)
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"The Community Radio Support Centre (CRSC) at the Nepal Forum of Environmental Journalists (NEFEJ) assessed the performance of 15 community radios based on the Community Radio Performance Assessment System (CR-PAS) in 2012. The assessment was a first full-fledged test after a successful piloted the
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system in 2011. The radio stations were provided with organization development (OD) support to address to the findings of the pilot assessment. The OD support provided the stations with advice and mentoring on improving their structures, systems and processes to meet the requirement of community radios [...] None of the 15 stations scored enough to be included in ‘model community radio’ category, three qualified as ‘performing’, four as progressing, two as evolving, and six as ‘endeavoring’. If the previous assessment is taken as the baseline then the overall performance of the stations increased - from 44 to 48 - in six months and after the OD input. There has been an upward movement of the stations in terms of categories, as shown by reduction of number of stations in the endeavoring category and increase in the performing category. This suggests that frequent assessments such as this can encourage the stations to improve performance." (Executive summary)
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"This publication provides readers with fresh insights into the practice of participatory educational communication. The first section explores the educational potential of community media, reaching from participatory radio campaigns in Sub-Saharan Africa to school radios in Brazil. The second secti
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on, "stories of learning", shows the power of experience-based stories through interviews with community stakeholders or through drama and other cultural forms. The third section, "Praxis in Latin America", emphasises the centrality of popular and engaging formats, the importance of blended approaches, and the role of mobile and social media in reinforcing and complementing community-based broadcasting. The fourth section, "Praxis in the Commonwealth", examines strategies for enabling participation, experiences of collaboration at the local level, and the importance of assessing programme outcomes. The final section looks at how broadcasters and other community-based groups can make use of the voice and text functions of mobile telephones across different aspects of educational programming, including content provision, programme logistics and learner support." (CAMECO Update 2-2012)
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"Anyone working with community radio in one way or the other longs for a recipe on how to ensure long-term sustainability. Such a recipe does not exist. But there are a number of important factors that are crucial for sustainability - and a related number of traps on the way it is easy to fall into
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which will effectively undermine long-term sustainability." (Page 2)
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"Community radio is considered as an intervention strategy of choice for deepening participation and community ownership. Donors have funded a proliferation of community radio projects in the Global South, prompted by stories attesting to the power of radio as a tool for social change. The evidence
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suggests that beyond empowering communities, community radio can catalyse behaviour change and impact positively on wider development outcomes. In practice, the record has been mixed, with sustainability a critical challenge. A recent evaluation found that radio stations created through top-down initiatives tend not to survive when external funding dries up. Where such stations do survive, their purpose often becomes different from what was originally intended. Only in a handful of cases have previously aid-dependent radio stations become sustainable. Informed by insights from practitioners, and evaluation reports and scholarly literature, this article draws some emerging lessons." (Abstract)
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"This third module focuses on elaborates on the various aspects of human resources management such as evaluation and training, compensation for employees, communication and conflict prevention among staff members. The guide provides practical suggestions and guidance on how to motivate staff, how to
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handle conflicts and how to coordinate communication at the station." (Introduction)
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"This Module IV focuses on the particular characteristics of community radio stations and how these different features influence the way one determines programming. The first section examines ownership questions and the different forms of collaboration between the radio station and the community. Th
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e second section of the module provides insight into the preparation of a programming schedule and its importance. In addition, the module contains a sample programming plan, which can be adapted as necessary to help the senior management better structure their programmes, coordinate with the station’s producers and journalists, and manage the expectations of their audience." (Introduction)
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"This second module focuses on two main aspects of managing community radio stations. First, it examines the governing bodies of a station and gives succinct descriptions of each body’s function and structure as it relates to the governance of the radio. The second section of this module serves as
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a guide for human resources management. It presents the roles and responsibilities involved for each staff- and volunteer position, and gives an overview of the recruitment process for new personnel." (Introduction, page 2)
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"In Niger and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), the rate at which listeners’ clubs are being formed and the fact that the approach is now being reproduced in various settings are indications of the success of this strategy and the extent to which it is proving sustainable. In South Kivu, for
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example, a new formula has been tested with excellent results: the introduction of Farmer Field and Life Schools has been supported by existing community listeners’ clubs. In addition, a process for evaluating the impact of the clubs has revealed an unexpected but promising factor: the improved capacity of club members to engage in more formal rural structures. In this sense, the clubs are paving the way for greater participation of women in producers’ organizations and rural cooperatives. The success of the clubs has led to the setting up of new projects in Burundi, Senegal, Mauritania and the DRC (Oriental Province). At the request of various organizations and agencies, FAO-Dimitra is helping to implement these projects based on gender sensitive participatory methodologies that are flexible and well adapted, with a goal that remains unchanged: the empowerment of men and women in a rural environment." (Editorial, page 2)
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"This paper will use the example of the approach taken by UK Community Radio station, 'Future Radio' to obtain both quantitative data primarily through street surveys and qualitative data through on-line questionnaires, exploring why the station felt such research to be both necessary and beneficial
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. Showing how reasonably accurate data can be obtained on a cost-effective basis, issues of accuracy and practical difficulties will also be explored. Finally, the paper will examine some of the opportunities and challenges raised by the changing nature of radio listening and interaction brought about by new methods of consumption such as Internet streaming and mobile 'smart-phone' applications." (Abstract)
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90 Indian community radio stations present their background, programming focuses, lessons learned and contact details.