"The current study, which recognises the importance of creating learning organisations and the introduction of new broadcasting techniques to the survival of an organisation, explores the influence of learning orientation (LO) and creative broadcasting techniques (CBT) on the sustainability of CRS.
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There exists extant literature that attests to LO as an antecedent of innovation and the sustainability of firms on the one hand, and new broadcasting capabilities and procedures (CBT) as instrumental to the long-term sustainability of CRS on the other. Yet studies that explore the intersection of these three variables (i.e. LO, CBT and the diverse forms of sustainability) are hard to come by, hence this study. The study draws on an interpretive epistemology, qualitative approach and two case studies of CRS located in Bloemfontein, Free State. It investigates the LO and CBT of these institutions to develop some in-depth knowledge of their influence on the community stations’ sustainability. The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with CRS managers, producers and presenters and observed the broadcasting practices and activities of these CRS. The results of the study reveal that LO and CBT, especially the implementation of each of the components, positively influenced organisational, financial and social sustainability of CRS. The study recommends that each CRS should draw up a station constitution, which specifies the code of good practice and conduct in conformity to their licencing conditions, vision and goals. The constitution should be availed to all employees to ensure unity of purpose and common understanding of the practices adopted and methods implemented by the CRS." (Abstract)
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"[...] el principal objetivo de este cultivo y crianza de conocimientos y sabidurías es analizar los elementos de comunicación comunitaria presentes en la radio Ilumán, y la incidencia de éstas en la sostenibilidad económica, con el fin de proponer estrategias para su fortalecimiento y crecimie
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nto. Para el cumplimiento de este objetivo se identificaron los aspectos que caracterizan la comunicación comunitaria promovida por la radio y su importancia de su cobertura en el fortalecimiento de la identidad cultural de las comunidades. Asimismo, se procedió a analizar el carácter comunitario de la sostenibilidad económica hasta concluir con una propuesta de fortalecimiento de la radio. El estudio fue realizado en el año 2016, en la sede de la radio Ilumán en la Comunidad Ilumán Bajo, pe teneciente al Cantón Otavalo, así como en los lugares comunitarios y públicos de los 4 cantones de cobertura." (Página 243)
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"This research paper draws on the theory of development communication to explore the relationship between community radio broadcast and community development in Northern Ghana. It traces the history of development communication practice in Ghana and its application in Ghana's rural development effor
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ts. The study draws attention to the special role of radio in development work by analysing the programming styles and formats of Radio Gaakii and its impacts on the community's development drive. The paper also explored areas of community concern most addressed by Radio Gaakii broadcast. The study adopted the qualitative approach in its design and employed in-depth interviews in its data collection. One significant findings of this study is that, the general programming style and format of Radio Gaakii's broadcast contents are practically aimed at responding to the felt needs of the communities it serve. Socio-cultural issues were found to be the primary concern of the listening community that the Station has addressed most since its inception in 2011. The station also made giant strides in the areas of agriculture, health and sanitation, women and youth empowerment. A key recommendation the study made is that, Ghana's Ministry of Local Government and Rural Development should take steps at mainstreaming CRB model into Ghana's local government system by supervising the setting-up of CRS in every district capital (especially those considered rural and without community radio stations) in a non-partisan manner, with coverage reaching all communities within the district. This, it is believed will facilitate social communication and development among rural populations of Ghana." (Abstract)
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"El presente trabajo indaga sobre las relaciones entre las emisoras comunitarias y sus audiencias, en el Departamento de Nariño en Colombia, en el contexto de experiencias latinoamericanas y europeas, desde una perspectiva de participación, como elemento clave para la sostenibilidad social. Intere
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sa observar cómo los ciudadanos se han propiciado o no de la producción, difusión y gestión radiofónica. Metodológicamente se trabajó desde un diseño mixto que trianguló los resultados de dos cuestionarios: uno, aplicado a una muestra de 632 personas de once municipios, y otro, a once directores de emisoras comunitarias. Esto se complementó con la información de once grupos focales integrados por locutores, editores y realizadores de radio. Uno de los hallazgos más relevantes, en las audiencias, fue el reconocer la emisora como un medio que puede potenciar dinámicas socioculturales en la región. Por su parte, en los directores, se encontró que han agenciado incipientes procesos de participación con las comunidades. Se infiere que existe una deficiente capacidad reflexiva y crítica en las audiencias, esto debido a que la mayoría de emisoras han adoptado el modelo organizativo y de producción de la radio comercial. Se concluye que estos factores han afectado la construcción de relaciones democráticas entre las audiencias y las emisoras comunitarias, y en especial, las posibilidades de participación de los ciudadanos como interlocutores válidos en un proyecto comunicativo." (Resumen)
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"El manual de estilo facilita el cumplimiento de los Objetivos, Misión y Visión de la Emisora, teniendo en cuenta los principios y políticas sobre los que se sustenta el hacer de la Emisora Comunitaria Vokaribe Radio. Éste busca dinamizar y guiar las prácticas que componen la apuesta global de
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avanzar en el ejercicio del derecho a la comunicación, a la información y libertad de expresión, como base de la democratización de la comunicación. El manual de estilo de Vokaribe Radio ubica estas guias prácticas a nivel de la localidad y se concreta a través del accionar de la Emisora Comunitaria, lo cual significa ofrecerle a los diversos públicos, colectivos y grupos organizados, comunidades y personas, los mecanismos de participación que les posibiliten expresarse a través de los espacios existentes en Vokaribe Radio." (Página 2)
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"In the states, like Ethiopia, where internal conflicts, mainly ethnic conflicts, have currently been appearing in many parts, a medium that deals with those issues appropriately is vital. Among the three main media branches, such as public service, commercial, and community radio, the later can be
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described as an appropriate medium that can, perhaps, bring not only possible timely solutions to the cases but also some social changes in the society. This is because the nature of the community radio, which is close to the societies and covers the issues immediately, can serve the people well by raising directly relevant issues in relation to conflict and peace. By taking some cases from Ethiopia, it is the purpose of this chapter to show how community radio is a best platform in dealing with internal conflicts in particular and social issues in general in the marginalized societies that are vulnerable to various social and political problems." (Abstract)
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"Introduite dès les années 1930 sur les terres africaines et durablement ancrée au lendemain de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, la radio s’est peu à peu adaptée à l’environnement culturel, social et politique africain. Ses évolutions successives ont suivi la courbe des mutations culturelles
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et sociopolitiques qui ont traversé l’histoire contemporaine du continent. Car, comme le dit André-Jean Tudesq, « on ne peut séparer les médias des sociétés dans lesquelles ils se diffusent. Ils ne forment pas un système autonome, mais participent à la fois aux systèmes politique, économique et culturel locaux » (2009). Mais si l’on s’intéresse uniquement à la situation de ce début de siècle, on pourrait noter plusieurs changements par rapport à celle de la dernière décennie du XXe siècle." (Résumé)
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"In Bolivia community, radio has tended to support local community interests rather than discourses of the state, non-governmental organizations, or corporations. Yet, as the state has lately appropriated the language of community radio activists, ironically there is now a vulnerability that was not
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there when Bolivia was ruled by authoritarian governments. With the state establishing alternative radio channels to disrupt bottom-up interlinking of community radio stations, the game has changed. The structural and symbolic appropriation of community radio may make the state so deeply intermingled with its potential opposition that it would be impossible to separate one from the other. In addition, community and alternative radio in Bolivia face significant challenges arising from digitization." (Conclusion, page 299)
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"Este libro da cuenta de lo actuado y lo vivido por la autora de la mano, en conjunto, con las distintas vertientes de los movimientos de la comunicación comunitaria en el contexto y el desarrollo de una épica (o época) por la que se soñó muchos años. Recupera el ser y el quehacer del movimien
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to de la comunicación comunitaria en Argentina y en América latina (1983-2015), en particular desde la realidad de las radios populares, comunitarias y alternativas.
El trabajo ha permitido dejar sistematizada una historia de los 30 años de una parte importante del mapa contemporáneo de los medios de comunicación argentinos y no se trata de una historia fáctica, construida a partir de hitos y acontecimientos, sino una historia de las significaciones que han dado sentido político a una porción (generalmente silenciada) del sistema de medios." (https://radioformateca.wordpress.com)
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"While studies on alternative media and community radio stations have primarily focused on the media content and production techniques, scant attention has been paid to audience participation, a crucial aspect of community radio. This paper is based on ethnographic interview with the listeners and p
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rogram producers of RadioJU, the community radio station of Jadavpur University, which was the first community radio station of West Bengal. The radius around RadioJU covers two districts of the state that includes urban areas as well as suburban regions, including a large refugee colony. The paper focuses on the three dimensions of alternativeness: the relationship with social context, nature of the content, and organizational structure. The objective of this study is to explore in what manner community radio continues to be relevant in contrast to the mainstream media and in what way audience participation positions community radio within the alternative–mainstream debate. The paper also points to the challenges and the limitations of audience participation in community radio, and suggests that the notion of supplementary media can be an important move towards opening up the category of the alternative media in an increasingly commercialized broadcast environment." (Abstract)
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"This study examines the challenges of good governance for community radio stations. It does this by exploring how volunteers, managers and members of the Boards of Directors at four community radio stations in Ireland view governance issues. The article finds that there are three key requirements f
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or effective governance in the context of non-profit community radio stations. First, participants described the importance of the Board’s leadership role in acquiring expertise in specific, necessary areas, such as finance, human resources and compliance. The Board was also seen to require a capacity to generate positive relationships between the station and its constituent communities. Second, participants outlined a number of practices that proved useful in achieving positive internal relationships between the Board, the volunteers and management. Third, participants described how a collectively shared ethos of community radio was useful in overcoming potential divisions by generating a shared sense of the organization for its members. The findings highlight the need for further research and analysis of the organizational uniqueness and consequent governance requirements of community media." (Abstract)
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"Local radio stations have mushroomed in Africa, including Tanzania, partly due to increased support from international donors. However, research results show that the lack of economic viability is a major constraint for local radio stations. They can hardly generate sufficient revenues from adverti
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sers to sustain the station. This leads to high turnover of staff due to low pay, low quality of content, and lack of capacity in serious programming. Based on a market model, the goal of this paper is to identify these problems from both a business and a journalism perspective and to find possible solutions. The results of this analysis show that a viable economic model in Africa requires simultaneous support for three different fields, (a) development of good content, (b) development of media management capacities, and (c) media research covering the extent and satisfaction of local audiences in order to develop local advertising markets that serve local media." (Abstract)
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"This ethnographic study explores how four alternative media projects in El Salvador integrated digital technologies-particularly social media-into their practices, and whether incorporating these technologies affected citizen participation not only in the media production process, but in a broader
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discursive sphere of civic and political life as well. Summer Harlow investigates the factors that influence the extent to which alternative media producers are able to use digital tools in liberating ways for social change by opening a space for participation in technology (as content producers) andthrough technology (as engaged citizens). The book advances existing literature with two main contributions: extending our understanding of the digital divide to include inequalities of social media use, and including technology use-whether liberating or not-as a fundamental component of a mestizaje approach to the study of alternative media." (Publisher description)
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"First chapter explained the concept of CR and those three key aspects such as: non-profit, community ownership and management, and community participation [...] Second chapter spoke entirely about the situation of CR in India. It has emphasised the history and growth of CR in India through six phas
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es begin from 1995 up to 2017 [...] Third Chapter began with explaining the approach, influence and assistance of the Government of India towards CR and its establishing process. The process of getting licence is briefed in 12 steps [...] Fourth chapter brought out a description about the context of the Diocese of Neyyattinkara and the CR project in specific. It makes clear that CR is not about doing something for the community rather the community doing something for itself [...] Fifth chapter spoke about those features Nids CR wants to promote based on the Church documents such as: Mirada Prorsus, Inter Mirifica, Communio et Progressio, Redemptoris Missio and Aetatis Novae; and the Radio Manifesto of World Radio Forum [...] Sixth chapter is a proposal based on conceptual analyses about the administrative structure, role of definite members, importance of volunteers, probable expenditure and fund raising options ..." (General conclusion, page 143 ff.)
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"Overall, three quarters (72%) of Australians aged 15 years and over are aware of community radio. Since 2012, this survey has also asked survey respondents which individual community radio stations they had heard of, providing the ability to verify the stated awareness with specific station example
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s. This secondary measurement provides closely matching results of 70%. Over a quarter (28%) of Australians aged 15 years and over, or 5,299,000 people, listen to community radio in a typical week. Overall, 83% of Australians aged 15 years and over listen to some radio in the course of a typical week. The number of Australians aged 15 years and over listening to community radio in an average week has risen from 3,767,000 in 2004 to 5,299,000 in 2016, with some statistically insignificant fluctuations from year-to-year. Of community radio listeners surveyed, 15% listen to community radio exclusively. Amongst the broader Australian population aged 15 years and over, 4% (or 811,000 people) are exclusive listeners to community radio in an average week." (Executive summary)
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"This study assesses the role and impact of this local radio station network as well as its sustainability prospects, focusing on four pillars of sustainability in particular: Financial sustainability: at a minimum, radio stations need to be able to support their activities, and ideally enjoy some s
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urplus for innovation. Organizational sustainability: radio stations need to have access to a level of professionalism and resources that allow it to produce and present programs of reasonable quality. Political and cultural sustainability: radio stations need to be politically enabled to perform their activities, to do so in safety, and to enjoy the support of the communities within their broadcast area. Audience sustainability: radio stations need to be able to reach a sizeable audience, and to meet this audience’s information needs and expectations. To this end, in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in the Internews/Salam Watandar story as well as those involved in media operations at the central Kabul level were combined with 10 in-depth case studies from the research sample of 30 provincial Internews-established, full Salam Watandar-partner stations. 20 in-depth interviews by phone with the remaining sample stations were added to this." (Executive summary)
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"A Artigo 19 entende que muitos comunicadores populares se encontram em situação de vulnerabilidade social e legal em decorrência da omissão do Estado em regularizar o funcionamento de suas rádios e de suas políticas restritivas para o setor. Por esse motivo, elaborou orientações que serão
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reunidas em dois blocos – primeiro algumas perguntas e respostas sobre o procedimento de fiscalização das rádios e, depois, a respeito dos processos criminais que podem enfrentar os comunicadores comunitários. Tais orientações são baseadas no fato de que os agentes da Anatel e da Polícia Federal são obrigados a seguir procedimentos padrão baseados na legislação brasileira, como também devem seguir uma conduta ética —e o mesmo vale para os processos criminais que podem ser instaurados contra os radiocomunicadores. Com o objetivo de sanar o desencontro de informações a respeito desses procedimentos, esta publicação irá apresentar um panorama geral dos problemas enfrentados pelas rádios comunitárias e, em seguida, analisar a possibilidade de agilizar a obtenção da outorga de funcionamento via instrumentos legais e administrativos, além de orientar os comunicadores sobre os seus direitos e como agir caso suas rádios enfrentem procedimentos de fiscalização, levando em conta ações que possam ser tomadas nesse momento e em momento posterior, no âmbito judicial." (Objetivo da publicação, página 11-12)
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"El presente artículo analiza la participación de los medios comunitarios y su importancia para la democratización de la comunicación en Ecuador en el marco del Concurso Público de Frecuencias de Radio y Televisión de señal abierta, convocado en 2016. Este concurso cobró importancia en la ag
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enda pública por ser la primera vez que el Estado utiliza un mecanismo público para otorgar concesiones de frecuencias, abriendo a concurso 1 472 frecuencias de radio y televisión, lo que modificará el panorama mediático por 15 años –tiempo que dura cada concesión–. Este concurso, además, tomó relevancia por desarrollarse en medio de un proceso electoral ya de por sí agitado, por la permanencia o no del Gobierno de la Revolución Ciudadana liderado por Rafael Correa, después de 10 años en el poder. En este contexto, este análisis propone otra visión: desde la mirada del sector comunitario, un actor casi ausente en el debate público, a pesar de ser uno de los grupos que mayor implicación tiene en este proceso. Este documento plantea una comprensión del sector comunitario y de los “medios comunitarios” no como una totalidad cerrada, sino como una categorización que debe ser debatida, diferenciando aquellos medios comunitarios de grupos religiosos de aquellos nuevos medios comunitarios de organizaciones sociales, que como se verá, tienen características y demandas diferenciadas." (Página 1)
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