"En octubre de 2009, la Ley 26522 inaugura un escenario inédito para las radios y televisoras del sector social-comunitario. La norma, por primera vez en la historia de la radiodifusión argentina, reconoce a todos los medios sin fines de lucro –incluidas las cooperativas- como prestadores legale
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s de los servicios de radiodifusión, les reserva un tercio del espectro radioeléctrico, no les impone restricciones para su funcionamiento, les asigna un lugar de representación en el Consejo Federal de Comunicación Audiovisual, y establece un fondo de fomento. La Ley se basa en el paradigma de la comunicación como derecho humano [...] Desde entonces y hasta 2015, los medios sin fines de lucro del país contaron con las condiciones más favorables para su emergencia y desarrollo que se conocieron hasta ahora. No obstante, se enfrentaron también a nuevas dificultades y desafíos a resolver, tales como: las condiciones para su legalización, la fortaleza de la gestión institucional y económica para asegurar su sostenibilidad y crecimiento, la cantidad y calidad de producción temática y estética para disputar sentidos y alcanzar masividad, la formalización de sus relaciones laborales para evitar la precarización laboral, entre tantos otros. Para pensar políticas públicas que contribuyan a la resolución de estos problemas y para que las radios y televisoras no lucrativas puedan diseñar estrategias en ese sentido, fue y sigue siendo necesario contemplar aquello que distingue a estos medios de los privados y estatales, las diferencias entre los diversos tipos de medios no lucrativos, las particularidades de las regiones donde se desarrollan, las especificidades de las tareas desarrolladas por sus trabajadores, el contexto general en que se producen." (Presentación, página 5-6)
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"Fuelled by a distrust of big media and the development of mobile technologies, the resulting convergence of journalism praxis (professional to alternative), workflows (analogue to multipoint digital) and platforms (PC to mobile), result in a 24-hour always-on content cycle. The information revoluti
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on is a paradigm shift in the way we develop and consume information, in particular the type we call news. While many see this cultural shift as ruinous, Burum sees it as an opportunity to utilize the converging information flow to create a galvanizing and common digital language across spheres of communication: community, education and mainstream media." (Publisher description)
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"This paper examines the role of open source research in human rights fact-finding and seeks to address a gap in the current literature, which lacks a human rights perspective, is dominated by journalistic approaches, or focuses on specific tools. It focuses on citizen media, the visual subset of op
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en source information, and provides a practitioner’s perspective that is based on several years of analyzing open source materials for a global human rights group. The paper includes case studies on video and image verification, and identifies best and worst practices. The author argues that open source content, specifically citizen media, can play a crucial and increasingly important role in human rights documentation, if analyzed using sound and transparent methodologies based on well-established factfinding principles. It presents, for the first time, a tool-independent analytical framework that will allow both seasoned and new human rights researchers to review and assess open source content. Specific recommendations are offered for human rights organizations, funders, academics, and technology companies in order to realize the full potential of open source content for human rights documentation." (Abstract)
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"This book investigates the role of citizen journalism in railroading social and political changes in sub-Saharan Africa. Case studies are drawn from research conducted by leading scholars from the fields of media studies, journalism, anthropology and history, who uniquely probe the real impact of t
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echnologies in driving change in Africa." (Publisher description)
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"The Institutionalizing Social Accountability of Community Radio in Nepal project sought to strengthen the institutional capacity of community radios to promote social accountability and represent the interests of their constituencies. Its intended outcomes were to: 1) improve internal governance, o
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versight, financial and operational management of 100 community radios; and 2) have community radios across Nepal actively promote transparency, equity and social accountability [...] Project impact is difficult to assess. ACORAB made good efforts to collect output and some results-level data, such as the pre and post training tests and the post-workshop check to see how many stations had improved their policies. It also undertook the CR status review which served as a project baseline. But this was not repeated, nor was any data collected on what the stations then achieved with their updated policies, trained staff and public hearings. There is no market research on CR programming so no data is available on the size and nature of their audience or on the impact of their efforts. From the anecdotal information gathered, however it is likely that this project resulted in an increased number of public hearings with a broader range of stakeholders than would have otherwise been the case and that these hearings resulted in improvements to their communities and residents." (Executive summary, page 1-2)
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"This report is a qualitative study focussing on Zimbabwe’s failure and/or refusal to license community radio stations since 2001, despite existing legal frameworks providing for such. It looks at the Constitution of Zimbabwe and the Broadcasting Services Act, the two key pieces of legislation whi
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ch provide the legal framework for the licensing of broadcasting services. The report also looks at the country’s obligations under international human rights law, experiences of people attempting to obtain community licenses and identifies the gaps that exist between policy and practice. The report is based on field visits to Zimbabwe by Amnesty International delegates conducted in August, September and October 2014 and in March 2015. A total of 29 activists involved in advocacy for establishment of community radio stations were interviewed in Bulawayo, Gweru, Harare, Kariba, Kwekwe, Lupane and Masvingo." (Page 5)
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"This toolkit combines the knowledge and experience of Internews with insights from research conducted by the University of Cambridge’s Centre of Governance and Human Rights and partners in the Politics and Interactive Media (PiMA) research project. Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA),
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jointly funded by DFID and the ESRC, examined whether and how Africans, particularly the poorest and least politically enfranchised, use new communication technologies to voice their opinion and to engage in a public debate on interactive broadcast media, and its effects on modes of political accountability. Africa’s digital revolution continues apace, yet broadcast media are vital for reaching the poor, rural and remote populations and the more marginalised, and more now and in the foreseeable future. By employing survey-based, qualitative and ethnographic methods to comparatively analyse interactive radio and TV programmes in the context of electoral and everyday politics, PiMA research critically interrogated the potential for digital communications and liberalised media sectors to promote more responsive and inclusive democratic governance, with a keen eye for turning project insights into relevance for policymakers, media houses, journalists and development organisations." (Website Internews)
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"Recent years have seen numerous attempts by community broadcasters around the world to reinvent their practices in an effort to remain relevant and financially sustainable in the digital age. One proposed initiative is to have community programming distributed via satellite, either in the form of a
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single channel or as a subscription service for local stations to find programming. Combining two case studies and multiple research methods, this article investigates the potential impact of satellite distribution on community broadcasting in Canada and East Africa. We observe that it is often not the community media organizations themselves that are pushing for satellite delivery, but, rather, outside actors such as media corporations and non-governmental organizations. As a result, we argue that a more spirited discussion within the community media sector is warranted to better understand the implications of this technological shift in delivery mechanisms." (Abstract)
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"Revenant sur une longue expérience personnelle en Afrique et en Asie, Birgitte Jallov met en avant les éléments fondamentaux nécessaires à la consolidation [des radios communautaires] dans la durée. Elle dissèque les facteurs qui garantissent la durabilité sociale, organisationnelle et fina
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ncière de ce type de projet et insiste sur la nécessité absolue de leur appropriation au niveau local." (Introduction, page 8)
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"L'article examine en particulier la relation entre les radios dites communautaires et la gouvernance locale. Se fondant sur l'exemple du Sénégal, elle montre comment la décentralisation politique et administrative d'une part et l'émergence des radios locales d'autre part ont été deux dynamiqu
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es concomitantes et intimement liées. Elle souligne combien certaines radios peuvent effectivement contribuer à améliorer la gestion de la chose publique au niveau local, mais relève aussi le caractère relativement isolé de ces bonnes pratiques." (Introduction, page 8)
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"[...] François Pascal Mbumba [écrit] sur la situation de ces médias particuliers en République démocratique du Congo, un pays qui se distingue par le caractère foisonnant de son secteur radiophonique qui compte actuellement plus de 500 stations. Les radios communautaires congolaises évoluent
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dans un contexte sous-réglementé, où leur spécificité n'est pas reconnue et où nombre d'entre elles se revendiquent communautaires tout en appartenant à des personnalités politiques ou religieuses. Alors qu'un certain nombre commettent des dérives, attribuées parfois au manque de professionnalisme journalistique de leurs animateurs, l'expérience de ces radios révèle aussi l'absence d'une définition claire du journaliste et de son activité dans l'environnement médiatique congolais." (Introduction, page 8)
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"The manual has been structured so as to enable you to understand migrants as a unique and critical audience within your station’s larger listenership. Often, out-migration is seen as desertion by people who stay behind in the villages, and there is a general negative public opinion about internal
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migration in India. This manual lays out a different perspective on the issue of internal migration, which contextualizes and explains the causes and consequences of migration in a non-judgmental way, through a rights-based approach. The manual will guide CR practitioners through a process of thinking about the kind of radio programmes, campaigns and other broadcasts that can be developed to address the myriad issues around migration, particularly reflecting ethical approaches to addressing migrants and their issues. It also examines methods and practices to actively include migrant communities within the CR station's listenership, its programming and outreach. It will thereby help you create a socially inclusive agenda for your CR station with respect to migrants." (Pages 8-9)
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"Community Radio is still nascent in Bangladesh while in India it has completed a decade and in Nepal it has existed in its myriad forms without a policy for much longer [...] The existence or non-existence of a guiding national CR policy plays an important role in determining the kind of Community
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Radio being sustained in the country. The policy has impacted the kinds of institution that is eligible to establish Community Radio as well as the kind of institutions the Community Radios themselves are evolving into. The practices at the stations in the three countries are quite diverse with CR stations in Nepal having a slight edge over those in India and Bangladesh from the point of having evolved as ‘media’ organizations’ rather than as ‘development’ organizations. Communities in all three countries are conceived of as geographic communities and not as communities of interest. All stations work on principles of not for profit in India and Bangladesh where as the underlying principles in Nepal seems to be community shareholding at least in the CR stations that were part of the study." (Conclusions, page 33)
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