"This country report provides an overview of the extent to which gender is addressed in Ethiopia’s digital policies, strategies, and regulations, divided into categories such as international development instruments, national digital policies and strategies, and digital sector-related laws and reg
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ulations. The report includes a non-exhaustive list of specific programmes supporting digital inclusion in Ethiopia. The five pillars considered for analysis of gender in ICT strategies, policies and regulations are access to digital technology, digital skills, financial inclusion, entrepreneurship and leadership and digital infrastructure. There are explicit references to digital gender equality in Ethiopia’s digital policies and strategies. Based on the findings from the study, the report has a set of recommendations to enhance policies, laws, and regulations. There is a comprehensive checklist of preliminary policy actions that will help narrow the gender gap in Ethiopia. These range from ensuring women’s enrolment and completion of secondary and tertiary education to involving the private sector when making digital policies to facilitating women’s access to international networks." (Foreword)
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"Entre junio de 2021 y diciembre de 2022, 125 mujeres periodistas sufrieron agresiones en Ecuador, según datos de la Fundación Periodistas Sin Cadenas. La seguridad y la protección a su integridad física aún es una tarea lejana que no ha sido asumida por los medios de comunicación ni el Estado
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[...] En nuestro país no existe una ruta clara de las acciones que emprende el Comité de Protección de Periodistas, creado en 2019. Ya sea por la ausencia de voluntad política u otros factores, este comité no se ha posicionado como un mecanismo de defensa confiable para los periodistas y comunicadores en el Ecuador. Es urgente trabajar en protocolos de buenas prácticas y prevención de la violencia al interior de los medios de comunicación, pues los casos de violencia y acoso sexual son propiciados, en su mayoría, por los jefes y directivos. Estas guías deberían extenderse a los grupos diversos que también sufren discriminación y abuso laboral. En 2022, la Fundación Periodistas Sin Cadenas realizó una investigación pionera sobre el periodismo diverso. Se aplicó una encuesta a 53 colegas. El 50,9% ha sido discriminado en su lugar de trabajo. La mayoría de encuestados afirma que no existen espacios suficientes para los grupos diversos en las salas de redacción." (Conclusiones, página 32)
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"Bringing together 14 journalism scholars from around the world, this edited collection addresses the deficit of coverage of violence against women in the Global South by examining the role of the legacy press and social media that report on and highlight ways to improve reporting. Authors investiga
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te the ontological limitations which present structural and systemic challenges for journalists who report on the normalization of violence against women in country cases in Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; Indonesia; Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa; Egypt; Libya, Syria, and Yemen. Challenges include patriarchal forces; gender imbalance in newsrooms; propaganda and censorship strategies by repressive, hyper-masculine, and populist political regimes; economic and digital inequities; and civil and transnational wars. Presenting diverse conceptual, methodological, and empirical chapters, the collection offers a revision of existing frameworks and guidelines and aims to promote more gender-sensitive, trauma-informed, solutions-driven, and victim or survivor centered reporting in the region." (Publisher description)
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"Adjusting the focus to the time and research of the present, this chapter analyzes two case studies that occurred before and after the revitalization of the global #MeToo movement in 2017. The selected cases investigate how women have used social media platforms to combat VAW. The first case is Daf
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tar Hekayat El Mudawana, a blog that was created to expose sexual harassment and rape crimes—such as the #Fairmont_crime, which involved the gang rape of a young woman in 2014. The blog acted as a safe space for female survivors to tell their stories without exposing their identities. The second case focuses on Bassam Ahmed Zaki, who was exposed through social media in 2020 and later charged and incarcerated for serial rape." (Abstract)
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"This learning brief focuses on the issues of online gendered disinformation and sexist hate speech against women, girls and non-binary people who work or appear in the media and what media development organisations can do to address them." (Page 1)
"La representación de la mujer en el cine de Colombia ha tendido a estar asociada a nociones de sumisión, victimización o sexualización, sugiriendo una cierta uniformidad, invisibilidad y repetición acerca de su existencia social y cinematográfica. A pesar de esta complejidad cultural e histó
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rica, existe una serie de producciones colombianas hechas en el nuevo milenio que trascienden los sesgos de género patriarcales y las dicotomías morales sobre la mujer en la pantalla grande. Teniendo en cuenta la sanción de la Ley de Cine 814 de 2003, la cual ha tenido un impacto positivo en el sector cinematográfico colombiano, este libro propone examinar de forma inédita, conjunta y crítica, diversas maneras en que las mujeres son representadas en un grupo de películas de ficción colombianas del siglo XXI. Bajo un prisma interdisciplinario de estudios de cine, feministas, poscoloniales y subalternos, este trabajo ofrece un enfoque temático y un análisis textual de un total de doce películas en el que se analizan imágenes de la mujer en el cine de Colombia, reconociendo sus raíces en las normas que ha establecido el patriarcado, y sus eventuales transgresiones. De este modo, este libro explora e invita a celebrar representaciones diversas y emergentes de la mujer entendiendo el silencio y la sumisión como factores subversivos, los tipos de emancipación de la mujer dentro de grupos al margen de la ley, y la sexualidad y el deseo de las mujeres como agentes de cambio al hablar de la feminidad. Esta obra argumenta que la Ley de Cine creó un espacio para que los y las cineastas representaran los límites de las normas de género hegemónicas en la sociedad colombiana y los esfuerzos que se vienen haciendo para desafiarlas a través de su cine." (Resumen)
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"Russia uses a strategy of gendered disinformation in Ukraine to silence women journalists and create a certain negative image of gender equality and the role of women in democratic societies. Online violence can take on a variety of worms: doxxing, sectoring, trolling, cyberstalking, threats of vio
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lence and cyberbullying, as well as certain forms of disinformation and malinformation. There are essentially no data or research about the nature and scope of gendered disinformation as a phenomenon in Ukraine. This subject is not yet the focus of the Center for Combating Disinformation or the The Center for Strategic Communication under the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine. It can be assumed that this problem is erroneously believed to be insignificant. Content analysis of the information space of Ukraine and Russia (media, social networks, radio, television) using the information and analytical service Attack Index in the period from February 24, 2022 to August 2023 showed the presence of gendered disinformation about Ukrainian journalists." (Key findings)
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"The incorporation of new media technology into journalistic practices led to online harassment, particularly of female journalists. The researchers investigated the tweets of four prominent Pakistani female journalists through the lens of post-colonial feminism and symbolic violence. The qualitativ
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e analysis of 239 tweets revealed themes that corroborated the dominance of sociocultural and political grounds in undermining the status of women and making them susceptible to online harassment. In culturally traditional communities, the position of women is “gender specific,” and socioeconomic status cannot guarantee women’s safety from cultural behaviors. The harassment themes included “you called for it,” adhering to the limits of a male-dominated society, women’s card, threats, “lifafa,” shamelessness, religious policing, moral policing, and pseudo-intellectual labeling. The study recommends expanding research in sociopolitical, religious, and cultural contexts to comprehend symbolic violence, particularly in relation to women." (Abstract)
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"The purpose of this report is to trace and detect gendered disinformation, a concerning trend in the dissemination of news and information through social and online media platforms. Disproportionate targeting based on gender and sexual orientation, especially those in the public eye like politician
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s, is a common phenomenon of disinformation campaigns and online violence. The effects of such campaigns are to damage the credibility of women leaders, potentially influencing public perception and election outcomes. Online violence and harassment, marked by sexist and misogynistic comments, are more prevalent for women and LGBTQI+ persons, particularly on social media, and may negatively affect their mental well-being. Gendered disinformation and online violence have contributed to political polarization, fostering a hostile online environment that can discourage women and other marginalized groups from actively participating in civic life." (Summary)
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"This study, drawing on alternative journalism theory takes a postcolonial feminist approach to investigating the lived experiences and gender-based safety problems of women journalists working for alternative media in Turkey. It evaluates the impact on their professional and private lives of Islami
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sm, populism, nationalism and authoritarianism which intersect in this patriarchal autocracy. The thematic analysis of the data gathered qualitatively by 15 in-depth interviews reveals that most of the safety threats to alternative women journalists stem from security forces in the field and arbitrary judicial sanctions in the courthouses. According to the interviewees, the authoritarian government that sees critical journalism as the greatest enemy controls and oversees these assaults. Furthermore, women journalists suffer from the unsustainable working conditions of alternative news media. Alternative media theories would expect these institutions to be gender-equal and pro-labor, but the prevalent indifference to women’s labor and gender rights demonstrates that this normative approach is not justified. However, women still feel encouraged to continue journalism, which they consider an important tool for empowerment not only for themselves but also all “otherized” identities. Moreover, women’s solidarity backed by the feminist movement is the primary source of resilience." (Abstract)
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"At the heart of decolonial theory is the love for woman, particularly black woman, as the most oppressed of political categories in the old colonial structures of race, class and gender hierarchy. This chapter uses decolonial theory, specifically Chela Sandoval’s concept of ‘decolonial love’
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as a political technology, to discuss the cyberbullying of women journalists in South Africa. It blends Sandoval’s decolonial love theory with Frantz Fanon’s concept of ‘damnes’ or ‘wretched of the earth,’ to analyse stories of cyber-bullying, sexism and threats of sexual violence against women journalists using the research published in Glass Ceilings: Women in South African Media Houses 2018. This chapter argues that it is a revolutionary oppositional consciousness that operates when women, particularly black women, continue in the performativity of their craft to write and to speak out in the media, despite the subjection and misogyny they face." (Abstract)
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"What are the challenges that Mexican women journalists face in a hostile environment for the press? Mexico is one of the deadliest countries in which to practice journalism. More than 160 reporters have been assassinated since 2000. Within this context, female journalists face a four-layered challe
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nge: firstly, to work in a country with a high level of anti-press violence; secondly, the state and situation of their gender in a country riddled with femicide; thirdly, their sources, colleagues, and bosses immersed in a patriarchal structure of naturalized misogyny; and fourthly, the state. This chapter examines and reveals, through in-depth, semi-structured interviews of women journalists from several parts of Mexico who cover the beat of hard news, the challenges they face when doing their work with various actors. This research aims to shed light into the world of local female journalists in Mexico that could mirror the situation of female journalists in the Global South." (Abstract)
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"This article delves into the Syrian Female Journalists Network’s (SFJN) approach to decolonise knowledge production, focusing on a multifaceted deconstructive framework. Through an examination of our analytic and deconstructive process of media language and discourse, our methodology centres on i
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dentifying and challenging prevailing patriarchal and colonial power dynamics and binaries within language, particularly in the Syrian media context. Furthermore, our article addresses the transformative role of language in collectively contesting colonial structures through translation and meaningmaking processes. Additionally, the article underscores the utilisation of self-identification as a feminist decolonial strategy, emphasising its role in dismantling fixed identity categories and amplifying marginalised voices. Furthermore, it highlights the significance of accountability towards targeted communities by fostering inclusivity, securing access to knowledge, and validating diverse perspectives. Ultimately, this article offers an insight into SFJN’s nuanced approach of decolonising knowledge." (Abstract)
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"This book tells the complex story of women journalists as both outsiders and insiders in the German press of the National Socialist and post-war years. From 1933 onward, Nazi press authorities valued female journalists as a means to influence the public through charm and subtlety rather than intimi
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dation or militant language. Deborah Barton reveals that despite the deep sexism inherent in the Nazi press, some women were able to capitalize on the gaps between gender rhetoric and reality to establish prominent careers in both soft and hard news. Based on data collected on over 1,500 women journalists, the book describes the professional opportunities open to women during the Nazi era, their gendered contribution to Nazi press and propaganda goals, and the ways in which their Third Reich experiences proved useful in post-war divided Germany. It draws on a range of sources including editorial proceedings, press association membership records, personal correspondence, newspapers, diaries, and memoirs. It also sheds light on both unknown journalists and famous figures including Margret Boveri, Ruth Andreas-Friedrich, and Ursula von Kardorff. Addressing the long-term influence of women journalists, this book illuminates some of the most salient issues in the nature of Nazi propaganda, the depiction of wartime violence, and historical memory." (Publisher description)
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