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Na boca do rádio: O radialista e as políticas públicas

Ana Luisa Zaniboni Gomes

Heródoto Barbeiro (foreword)

São Paulo: Aderaldo & Rothschild; Oboré (2007), 215 pp.

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Radios comunitarias: Situación en el Ecuador 2007

Hugo Carrión G.

International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) (2007), 14 pp.

"Como conclusión del estudio se presentan las siguientes reflexiones y recomendaciones: 1. Definitivamente las radios comunitarias han cumplido un papel fundamental en el desarrollo de la sociedad ecuatoriana a nivel de educativo, organización popular, participación ciudadana, etc. Sin embargo es ... te rol no es reconocido por la sociedad. Además la identidad de las llamadas radios comunitarias está en un constante proceso de definición. Por ello consideramos básico la generación de espacios en donde los diferentes actores involucrados en el proceso de comunicación comunitario definir el nuevo papel de las radios comunitarias en el Ecuador. 2. Las radios que se autocalifican como comunitarias o populares y que son miembros de la CORAPE, representan un porcentaje muy pequeño dentro del universo de estaciones autorizadas para operar en el territorio ecuatoriano. Por esta razón es importante propiciar el fortalecimiento de esta organización a fin de expandir esta red de estaciones que comparten principios de desarrollo basados en la participación y el trabajo comunitario. 3. A pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en distintos ámbitos, no se ha conseguido un reconocimiento de las radios comunitarias dentro del ordenamiento jurídico vigente. Emisoras de servicio comunal, estaciones de baja potencia o estaciones públicas, son términos mal utilizados al momento de referirse a la radiodifusión comunitaria. Además de la falta de reconocimiento, y a pesar de que las limitaciones que existían (prohibición de pasar publicidad y limitación de potencia) fueron eliminadas, no existe el escenario propicio para el otorgamiento de frecuencias de manera transparente. 4. En la práctica el acceso a frecuencias para radios comunitarias, no solo que no tiene facilidades especiales, sino que por el contrario cuenta con mayores trabas por la designación discrecional que hacen las autoridades al momento de otorgar frecuencias. Por ello es necesario impulsar un proceso de reforma en la regulación en el sector de la radiodifusión y televisión, el cual de manera explícita considere a las radios comunitarias como un actor clave dentro del sector. 5. Finalmente un reto importante digno de ser tomado en cuenta, es la forma de potenciar el papel de la radio comunitario a través del uso creativo de las llamadas “nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicaciones” en especial Internet. Por esta razón sugerimos identificar formas concretas en que las radios comunitarias hagan uso de la posibilidad de trabajo colaborativo, mayor cobertura, interacción e interactividad, que provee la red de redes." (Página 14) more

Google Scholar (117)

WorldCat (111)

Políticas de comunicação: Buscas teóricas e prácticas

Murilo César Ramos, Suzy dos Santos (eds.)

São Paulo: Paulus (2007), 408 pp.

External Link (136)

Google Scholar (126)

WorldCat (141)

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights

Krishna Kumar

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), 189 pp.

"This book represents one step in explaining international efforts to promote independent media. It attempts to examine the nature and significance of media assistance, discussing the evolution of the field, the focus of various programming approaches, and the possible impact of such efforts. It pre ... sents case studies of media assistance programs in different countries. The book concludes with a set of recommendations for expanding and deepening media assistance for the international community. This book project grew out of a multi-country study that I directed in 2002–2004 to examine media assistance programs funded by the US Agency for International Development. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the nature and effectiveness of USAID programs and make policy and programmatic recommendations for the future. In writing this book I have mostly drawn from the massive information collected during two years of research and analysis. The book is based primarily on three sources of information. First are reviews of literature covering scholarly writings, project and program documents, and articles in popular magazines and newspapers on media assistance. Such reviews were country specific as well as global in nature. Because the academic literature is extremely limited and media assistance is hardly covered in magazines and newspapers except in high-profile cases such as Bosnia and Serbia, reviews largely relied on program documentation. I had the unique advantage of perusing thousands of documents that are not available to the public. Although mostly descriptive and often self-serving, they identified critical gaps in our knowledge and illuminated the challenges and achievements of international media endeavors. Second, my colleagues and I undertook extensive fieldwork in seven countries/regions—Afghanistan, Bosnia, Central America, Indonesia, Russia, Serbia, and Sierra Leone. In each of these cases, research teams conducted extensive discussions with international donor agencies, officials of host countries, project staff and contractors, and local media experts and journalists. Every possible effort was made to interview all those experts and managers who had intimate knowledge of the ongoing media assistance programs. Teams also examined locally available documents and reports and used translators to translate documents into English when necessary. In the absence of hard quantitative data, they largely relied on available documentation, indepth interviews, and their own knowledge of the media scene for their findings and conclusions. Finally, I organized a series of meetings in Washington, D.C., to discuss the findings of the country studies and explore new directions for media assistance programs. Such meetings helped to identify many problems and challenges facing media assistance programs and helped in formulating a set of recommendation for policymakers." (Chapter 1, page 10-11) more

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Evaluation Reports on Selected Projects

Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)

Paris: UNESCO (2006), 147 pp.

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WorldCat (120)

From the Margins to the Cutting Edge: Community Media and Empowerment

Peter M. Lewis, Susan Jones (eds.)

Cresskill: Hampton Press (2006), vii, 248 pp.

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The Impact of Community Media on Social and Political Life in Jordan

Philip O. Madanat

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (2006), 22 pp.

"This paper tries to contribute to the discussion on how alternative, community media has altered the media scenery and affected socio-political life in Jordan in terms of the interplay between the civil society and public sphere. With specific reference to Radio AmmanNet, the first community radio ... more

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Community Radios in Sydney: Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Die Beispiele Radio 2ser, FBI Radio und Koori Radio

Michael Katerla

Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Magisterarbeit (2006), 123 pp.

"Gemessen an seiner Einwohnerzahl hat Australien den größten Community Radio-Sektor weltweit. Seit der Verabschiedung des Broadcasting and Services Act im Jahr 1992 und der damit verbundenen Vereinfachung der Lizenzvergabe für Community Radios steigt die Zahl von Community Radios kontinuierlich a ... n. Von dieser Entwicklung ausgehend untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die damit zusammenhängenden Auswirkungen auf die selbstdefinierten Ansprüche des Mediums Community Radio anhand von drei Fallbeispielsendern in Sydney. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Untersuchung der Umsetzung der zwei wesentlichen an die Medienform Community Radio gerichteten Ansprüche: interessierten Bürgern einen offenen Zugang zum und umfassende Partizipationsmöglichkeiten am Medium Community Radio zu bieten. Daraus wurde die grundlegende Frage für diese Arbeit abgeleitet: in welcher Art und Weise wird der theoretische Anspruch eines offenen Zugangs und einer realen Partizipation von den drei Fallbeispielsendern in der Realität verwirklicht? [...] Nachdem im deskriptiven Schritt der Untersuchung die drei Fallbeispielsender anhand gleicher Kriterien beschrieben wurden, ist vor dem Hintergrund der herausgearbeiteten Eigenschaften der theoretische Anspruch nach offenem Zugang und umfassender Partizipation analytisch untersucht worden. Diese Untersuchung lässt folgendes Fazit zu: die wachsende Konkurrenzsituation durch die Zulassung eines weiteren Community Radios (FBI Radio) führt in Teilen von Sydneys zu einem erhöhten Wettbewerb. Folge ist eine zunehmende Professionalisierung, womit zwangsläufig Selektionskriterien und Beschränkungen in den Bereichen Zugang und Partizipation einhergingen. Für interessierte Bürger in Sydney, die an einer Mitarbeit am Medium Community Radio interessiert sind, haben sich die Möglichkeiten einer Mitarbeit damit nicht verbessert, sondern verschlechtert. Zugang und Partizipation ist nur noch in einem Rahmen möglich, der den theoretischen Vorstellungen an das Medium Community Radio widerspricht, wie beispielhaft anhand der beiden Radiostationen Radio 2ser und FBI Radio verdeutlicht wurde. Daraus ergibt sich eine Diskrepanz zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Die Radioschaffenden bei den drei untersuchten Community Radios müssen einen Balanceakt zwischen den Vorschriften der zuständigen Behörden (ACMA, CBF und CBAA), dem eigenen Anspruch und der Wirtschaftlichkeit ihres Radios bewältigen, der aber in zunehmendem Maße nicht mehr gelingt. Die Grenzen zwischen Community Radios – als not- for profit Organisationen – und kommerziellen Radios verschwimmen zusehends. Community Radios, die auf Kosten der Professionalität an den Ansprüchen des Mediums nach freiem Zugang und Partizipation festhalten, stehen vor immensen finanziellen Problemen, da sie nur wenig Sponsoren an sich binden können und staatliche Finanzierungshilfen weiter gekürzt werden. Im Falle von Koori Radio konnte gezeigt werden, dass dies einen geregelten Tagesablauf und eine zukunftsfähige Planung kaum zulässt. Wie dieser problematischen Entwicklung entgegengewirkt werden kann, ist nicht klar. Die Regierung hat sich bisherigen Anfragen nach einer Erhöhung der staatlichen Unterstützung für den Hörfunktyp Community Radio verweigert. Auch die Idee der Erhebung einer Sonderbesteuerung für kommerzielle Radios, um damit Community Radios zu unterstützen, hatte bislang keinen Erfolg." (Zusammenfassung, Seite 110-111) more

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The Challenges and Prospects of Community Radio in Ethiopia: The Case of Harar Community Radio

Mathewos Tadesse

Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University, Master Thesis (2006), vi, 107 pp.

"The purpose of the study is to determine the challenges and prospects of community radio in Ethiopia, taking Harar Community Radio (HCR) as a case study. This radio station is selected because it has already stopped broadcasting a few months ago. For the effectiveness of the research, efforts have ... more

External Link (106)

Evaluation of UNESCO's Community Multimedia Centres: Final Report

Heather Creech

Paris: UNESCO, Internal Oversight Service, Evaluation Section (2006), 61 pp.

"Since 2001, UNESCO has established more than 87 Community Multimedia Centres (CMCs) in over 22 developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean with major funding provided by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC). The evaluation describes the initiative's ma ... in achievement: 'The CMCs are accepted by and fully integrated into the communities and can in many cases be sustained beyond the pilot phase without core operating grants. The effort and funding that UNESCO has channeled into this transformative initiative have been exceeded by the hard work and commitment of the CMC staff and the communities where they are based. Among other key findings, the evaluators clearly acknowledge the contribution of CMCs to local development, noting that longer term benefits are already being realized within individual communities, such as the gradual removal of barriers to social inclusion, the stimulation of poverty alleviation through access to knowledge of better health, resource management, agriculture practices and the creation of new livelihoods opportunities. CMCs are also recognized as critical tools for local communities to mediate changes brought on by globalization and the advent of new technologies: The CMC role in fostering cultural resilience. The capacity of a community to retain critical knowledge and at the same time adapt to external influences and pressures - is particularly remarkable. In addition to an extensive review of documentation, the evaluation used field research, interviews, questionnaires, an online survey, and case studies to review the CMC initiative, a flagship activity of UNESCO's Communication and Information Sector. Equitable and expanded access to ICTs is promoted in many ways, such as subsidized training for those with special requirements and/or marginalized groups; close work with schools, small businesses and the independent sector; or the provision of information to more remote communities through radio, says the evaluation report. The evaluation also points out challenges faced by the CMC initiative, including the strategic use of CMC networks as delivery mechanisms for development services, from projects and programmes of UN agencies and national governments to those of local civil society groups. Many challenges relate to sustainability of local facilities in low-income and least-developed localities. As CMCs depend on volunteers for the delivery of training, radio programming and other services, they face difficulties in finding appropriate incentives for volunteers and struggle with managing volunteer turnover. Another challenge consists of opportunities for networking and staff development, which to date have been limited. Evaluators point out the need for CMCs to learn from and access expertise more easily and systematically from each other in order to be sustainable. Enabling national policy environments are very important for the development and sustainability of CMCs. Sudden changes in national policies on connectivity charges can destabilize CMCs and broadcast licensing restrictions or restrictions on press freedom can prevent CMCs from being able to broadcast freely and to a broader constituency, says the report." (UNESCO website) more

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Fighting Poverty: Utilizing Community Media in a Digital Age. Practitioners’ Reflexions from an Interactive Roundtable at the World Congress on Communication for Development (WCCD)

Montreal; Paris; Berne: AMARC World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters; UNESCO; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) (2006), 77 pp.

Google Scholar (105)

WorldCat (108)

Community Media: A Global Introduction

Ellie Rennie

Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield (2006), 215 pp.

External Link (117)

Voces y movidas radiociudadanas: Itinerarios, experiencias y reflexiones desde la Coordinadora Nacional de Radio

Jorge Acevedo (ed.)

Lima: Coordinadora Nacional de Radio (CNR) (2006), 153 pp.

External Link (101)

Google Scholar (114)

WorldCat (105)

Top-Down or Bottom-Up? Radio in the Service of Democracy: Experiences from South Africa and Namibia

Ullamaija Kivikuru

International Communication Gazette, volume 68, issue 1 (2006), pp. 5-31

"The focus in this article is on two different modes of 'giving a voice to the voiceless' in Southern African new democracies, namely South African community radio and its support apparatus, Democracy Radio, and the Namibian People's Parliament. South African community radio operates within a sphere ... more

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The Impact of Community Radio on Sustainable Rural Development: A Case of Dzimwe and Nkhotakota Community Radio Stations

Patrick Luc Lefief Mphaka

Malawi Polytechnic, Master Thesis (2006), ix, 109 pp.

Google Scholar (119)

WorldCat (116)

Mídia cidadã: Utopia brasileira

José Marques de Marques, Maria Cristina Gobbi, Luciano Sathler (eds.)

São Bernardo do Campo: Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (2006), 247 pp.

Google Scholar (112)

WorldCat (129)

Wer spricht: Interkulturelle Arbeit und Mehrsprachigkeit im Kontext freier Medien

Fiona Steinert, Helmut Peissl, Katja Weiss (eds.)

Klagenfurt: Drava (2006), 88 pp.

"Mehrsprachige Gesellschaften brauchen mehrsprachige Öffentlichkeiten. Was leisten Freie Medien als Foren der Sprachenvielfalt, und wie spiegelt sich die Debatte um Interkulturalität in ihrem Umfeld wider?" (Verlagsbeschreibung)

Google Scholar (97)

WorldCat (101)

El horizonte de las radios comunitarias

Etcétera, issue 68 (2006), 104 pp.

Google Scholar (138)

WorldCat (134)

Media Communities

Brigitte Hipfl, Theo Hug (eds.)

Münster; New York: Waxmann (2006), 342 pp.

"This book analyzes the different ways in which media are being used for community building and it also critically interrogates the concept of community itself. The authors do that from a variety of different perspectives, ranging from fundamental philosophical questions regarding community, to the ... more

Google Scholar (108)

WorldCat (118)

Community Radio for Development: The World and Africa

Patrick Tor Alumuku

Nairobi: Paulines (2006), 272 pp.

"Community radio is best understood against the background of the other forms of broadcasting, namely public service, and commercial or private broadcasting. Unlike these, community broadcasting is not state-owned, but rather community-owned and managed. Neither is it aimed at profit-making, but at ... more

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance Deep Insights

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights