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Rádios comunitárias: Coronelismo eletrônico de novo tipo (1999-2004). As autorizações de emissoras como moeda de barganha política
Deep Insights

Venício A. de Lima, Cristiano Aguiar Lopes

Observatório da Imprensa; Instituto para o Desenvolvimento do Jornalismo (ProJor) (2007), 185 pp.

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Ten Years On: The State of Community Radio in Nepal

Ian Pringle, Bikram Subba

Paris: UNESCO (2007), 46 pp.

"1. There has been remarkable growth in both private and non-for-profit radio in Nepal since 1997: 216 licenses had been issued as of July 2007 with 78 FM stations broadcasting; of 93 licenses issued to non-profit groups, 31 were operational as of May 2007. 2. To its detriment, the FM radio sector h ... more

Google Scholar (194)

WorldCat (163)

A arte de pensar e fazer rádios comunitárias

Dioclécio Luz

Brasília: Fundação Heinrich Böll (2007), 229 pp.

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The Impact of Community Media on Social and Political Life in Jordan

Philip O. Madanat

Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (2006), 22 pp.

"This paper tries to contribute to the discussion on how alternative, community media has altered the media scenery and affected socio-political life in Jordan in terms of the interplay between the civil society and public sphere. With specific reference to Radio AmmanNet, the first community radio ... more

Google Scholar (128)

WorldCat (147)

El horizonte de las radios comunitarias

Etcétera, issue 68 (2006), 104 pp.

External Link (150)

Voces y movidas radiociudadanas: Itinerarios, experiencias y reflexiones desde la Coordinadora Nacional de Radio

Jorge Acevedo (ed.)

Lima: Coordinadora Nacional de Radio (CNR) (2006), 153 pp.

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Haiti Media Assistance and Civic Education Program (RAMAK): Final Report

Creative Associates International

USAID (2006), 60 pp.

"Creative Associates International (Creative) launched the Haiti Media Assistance and Civic Education Program in October 2001. Known by its Creole acronym, RAMAK, which means “Rassemblan Medya pou Aksyon Kominite” or Media Gathering for Community Action, the goals of the project were to increase ... more

Google Scholar (144)

WorldCat (171)

Community Radio for Development: The World and Africa

Patrick Tor Alumuku

Nairobi: Paulines (2006), 272 pp.

"Community radio is best understood against the background of the other forms of broadcasting, namely public service, and commercial or private broadcasting. Unlike these, community broadcasting is not state-owned, but rather community-owned and managed. Neither is it aimed at profit-making, but at ... more

Google Scholar (171)

WorldCat (153)

Mídia cidadã: Utopia brasileira

José Marques de Marques, Maria Cristina Gobbi, Luciano Sathler (eds.)

São Bernardo do Campo: Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (2006), 247 pp.

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Evaluation Reports on Selected Projects

Intergovernmental Council of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)

Paris: UNESCO (2006), 147 pp.

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African Media Development Initiative: Mozambique. Research Findings and Conclusions

Fernando Andre

London: BBC World Service Trust (2006), 71 pp.

"While acknowledging that the situation is not entirely ideal, most of the interviewees believed a lot has been achieved in terms of the development of the media in Mozambique over the past five years. This was mainly due to relatively stable political conditions, underpinned by a liberal constituti ... more

External Link (183)

Google Scholar (171)

WorldCat (193)

Promoting Independent Media: Strategies for Democracy Assistance
Deep Insights

Krishna Kumar

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner (2006), 189 pp.

"This book represents one step in explaining international efforts to promote independent media. It attempts to examine the nature and significance of media assistance, discussing the evolution of the field, the focus of various programming approaches, and the possible impact of such efforts. It pre ... sents case studies of media assistance programs in different countries. The book concludes with a set of recommendations for expanding and deepening media assistance for the international community. This book project grew out of a multi-country study that I directed in 2002–2004 to examine media assistance programs funded by the US Agency for International Development. The overall purpose of the study was to assess the nature and effectiveness of USAID programs and make policy and programmatic recommendations for the future. In writing this book I have mostly drawn from the massive information collected during two years of research and analysis. The book is based primarily on three sources of information. First are reviews of literature covering scholarly writings, project and program documents, and articles in popular magazines and newspapers on media assistance. Such reviews were country specific as well as global in nature. Because the academic literature is extremely limited and media assistance is hardly covered in magazines and newspapers except in high-profile cases such as Bosnia and Serbia, reviews largely relied on program documentation. I had the unique advantage of perusing thousands of documents that are not available to the public. Although mostly descriptive and often self-serving, they identified critical gaps in our knowledge and illuminated the challenges and achievements of international media endeavors. Second, my colleagues and I undertook extensive fieldwork in seven countries/regions—Afghanistan, Bosnia, Central America, Indonesia, Russia, Serbia, and Sierra Leone. In each of these cases, research teams conducted extensive discussions with international donor agencies, officials of host countries, project staff and contractors, and local media experts and journalists. Every possible effort was made to interview all those experts and managers who had intimate knowledge of the ongoing media assistance programs. Teams also examined locally available documents and reports and used translators to translate documents into English when necessary. In the absence of hard quantitative data, they largely relied on available documentation, indepth interviews, and their own knowledge of the media scene for their findings and conclusions. Finally, I organized a series of meetings in Washington, D.C., to discuss the findings of the country studies and explore new directions for media assistance programs. Such meetings helped to identify many problems and challenges facing media assistance programs and helped in formulating a set of recommendation for policymakers." (Chapter 1, page 10-11) more

Google Scholar (191)

WorldCat (212)

Media Communities

Brigitte Hipfl, Theo Hug (eds.)

Münster; New York: Waxmann (2006), 342 pp.

"This book analyzes the different ways in which media are being used for community building and it also critically interrogates the concept of community itself. The authors do that from a variety of different perspectives, ranging from fundamental philosophical questions regarding community, to the ... more

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Community Radios in Sydney: Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Eine Bestandsaufnahme. Die Beispiele Radio 2ser, FBI Radio und Koori Radio

Michael Katerla

Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin, Magisterarbeit (2006), 123 pp.

"Gemessen an seiner Einwohnerzahl hat Australien den größten Community Radio-Sektor weltweit. Seit der Verabschiedung des Broadcasting and Services Act im Jahr 1992 und der damit verbundenen Vereinfachung der Lizenzvergabe für Community Radios steigt die Zahl von Community Radios kontinuierlich a ... n. Von dieser Entwicklung ausgehend untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die damit zusammenhängenden Auswirkungen auf die selbstdefinierten Ansprüche des Mediums Community Radio anhand von drei Fallbeispielsendern in Sydney. Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit steht die Untersuchung der Umsetzung der zwei wesentlichen an die Medienform Community Radio gerichteten Ansprüche: interessierten Bürgern einen offenen Zugang zum und umfassende Partizipationsmöglichkeiten am Medium Community Radio zu bieten. Daraus wurde die grundlegende Frage für diese Arbeit abgeleitet: in welcher Art und Weise wird der theoretische Anspruch eines offenen Zugangs und einer realen Partizipation von den drei Fallbeispielsendern in der Realität verwirklicht? [...] Nachdem im deskriptiven Schritt der Untersuchung die drei Fallbeispielsender anhand gleicher Kriterien beschrieben wurden, ist vor dem Hintergrund der herausgearbeiteten Eigenschaften der theoretische Anspruch nach offenem Zugang und umfassender Partizipation analytisch untersucht worden. Diese Untersuchung lässt folgendes Fazit zu: die wachsende Konkurrenzsituation durch die Zulassung eines weiteren Community Radios (FBI Radio) führt in Teilen von Sydneys zu einem erhöhten Wettbewerb. Folge ist eine zunehmende Professionalisierung, womit zwangsläufig Selektionskriterien und Beschränkungen in den Bereichen Zugang und Partizipation einhergingen. Für interessierte Bürger in Sydney, die an einer Mitarbeit am Medium Community Radio interessiert sind, haben sich die Möglichkeiten einer Mitarbeit damit nicht verbessert, sondern verschlechtert. Zugang und Partizipation ist nur noch in einem Rahmen möglich, der den theoretischen Vorstellungen an das Medium Community Radio widerspricht, wie beispielhaft anhand der beiden Radiostationen Radio 2ser und FBI Radio verdeutlicht wurde. Daraus ergibt sich eine Diskrepanz zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Die Radioschaffenden bei den drei untersuchten Community Radios müssen einen Balanceakt zwischen den Vorschriften der zuständigen Behörden (ACMA, CBF und CBAA), dem eigenen Anspruch und der Wirtschaftlichkeit ihres Radios bewältigen, der aber in zunehmendem Maße nicht mehr gelingt. Die Grenzen zwischen Community Radios – als not- for profit Organisationen – und kommerziellen Radios verschwimmen zusehends. Community Radios, die auf Kosten der Professionalität an den Ansprüchen des Mediums nach freiem Zugang und Partizipation festhalten, stehen vor immensen finanziellen Problemen, da sie nur wenig Sponsoren an sich binden können und staatliche Finanzierungshilfen weiter gekürzt werden. Im Falle von Koori Radio konnte gezeigt werden, dass dies einen geregelten Tagesablauf und eine zukunftsfähige Planung kaum zulässt. Wie dieser problematischen Entwicklung entgegengewirkt werden kann, ist nicht klar. Die Regierung hat sich bisherigen Anfragen nach einer Erhöhung der staatlichen Unterstützung für den Hörfunktyp Community Radio verweigert. Auch die Idee der Erhebung einer Sonderbesteuerung für kommerzielle Radios, um damit Community Radios zu unterstützen, hatte bislang keinen Erfolg." (Zusammenfassung, Seite 110-111) more

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Fighting Poverty: Utilizing Community Media in a Digital Age. Practitioners’ Reflexions from an Interactive Roundtable at the World Congress on Communication for Development (WCCD)

Montreal; Paris; Berne: AMARC World Association of Community Radio Broadcasters; UNESCO; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) (2006), 77 pp.

External Link (136)

Google Scholar (162)

WorldCat (130)

Top-Down or Bottom-Up? Radio in the Service of Democracy: Experiences from South Africa and Namibia

Ullamaija Kivikuru

International Communication Gazette, volume 68, issue 1 (2006), pp. 5-31

"The focus in this article is on two different modes of 'giving a voice to the voiceless' in Southern African new democracies, namely South African community radio and its support apparatus, Democracy Radio, and the Namibian People's Parliament. South African community radio operates within a sphere ... more

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The Trouble with Community Radio Research, Or, How Methodological Setbacks Can Inform Theoretical Development

Kitty van Vuuren

3CMedia: Journal of Community, Citizen's and Third Sector Media and Communication, issue 2 (2006), pp. 1-14

"Participatory research design appears as an attractive option in the study of community media organisations. It puts the generation of the research question, the design of data collection methods, and the analysis of the results in the hands of the researched. This approach can demystify the resear ... more