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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
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Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
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Humanitarian Law
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Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
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Media Law & Regulation
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Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
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Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
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Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
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War Reporting
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Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
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Human Rights Protection
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Freedom of Expression
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United Nations (UN)
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Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
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Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
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Media / Communication Control
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United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
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Defamation Law & Regulation
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
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Council of Europe
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Media & Communication Policies
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Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
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Government Advertising, State Advertising
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Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
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Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
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Freedom of Expression Lobbying & Communication Rights Campaigning
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Freedom of Expression Principles
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Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
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OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
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Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
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Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
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Community Radios
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International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
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Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
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Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
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Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
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Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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Countering Defamation & Harassment
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Journalism Ethics
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Foreign Correspondents
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Diplomacy
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European Union (EU)
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OECD
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OSCE
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UNESCO
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Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
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Local Journalism
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Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
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Law & Regulation: Protection of Confidential Sources & Whistleblowers
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Media Regulation Practices
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Regulatory Bodies
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Religious Freedom
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
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Photographers
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Personal Safety
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Democracy / Democratization and Media
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Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
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Public Media, State Media
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Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
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Strengthening safety and security resources for visual storytellers and journalists. A scoping study

International Resource for Impact and Storytelling (IRIS);Ford Foundation (2021), iv, 114 pp.
"With attacks against storytellers increasing year-on-year, concern has grown about the lack of safety and security resources available to them. This is the focus of our study. Through a series of 120 interviews with artists, filmmakers, journalists, funders, activists, academics and others, along w ... more
"War journalism, by the nature of its work, is arguably one of the most dangerous professions in the world. Journalists working in conflict-prone areas are constantly exposed to the inherent threats of the battlefield. Over the period of time, there has been a number of attacks, assaults, and arrest ... more
"The role of the Media to the growth and development of a democratic society cannot be overemphasized. Over the years, the media have served as a watch dog in every society, prompting the need for International and National legislation protecting the Right to Press Freedom. While attacks and threat ... more
"There is a growing and urgent threat to the safety of journalists across Europe which constitutes a terminal threat to democracy and urgent action by Council of Europe Member States is required. At the international level, detailed guidance and standards for the protection of journalists have been ... more
"Many East African states have developed restrictive legal and policy measures regarding the use of the internet. This has resulted in the declining state of media freedom and safety of journalists. This article addresses freedom of expression as a pre-condition for safeguarding journalists in selec ... more
"European Parliament resolution of 25 November 2020 on strengthening media freedom: the protection of journalists in Europe, hate speech, disinformation and the role of platforms (2020/2009(INI))." (Introduction)

Pioneer decision on safety of journalists in the preceding context

In: European Yearbook on Human Rights 2019
Philip Czech; Lisa Heschl; Karin Lukas; Manfred Nowak; Gerd Oberleitner (eds.)
Intersentia (2020), pp. 339-368
"This contribution singles out and seeks to analyse the most essential elements of the OSCE Ministerial Council Decision on Safety of Journalists, adopted in Milan on 7 December 2018. Those elements aim to create an enabling environment for the media, in particular, through the compliance with speci ... more

Making Sense of Journalists' Safety and Media Freedom in Egypt Between Different Types of Threats and the Ruling Legislative Context: Multi-Analytical study

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 172-185
"This study seeks to investigate different types of threats which affect the journalists' safety in Egypt and how do they manage their work in the presence of the diverse threats. The study analyzes the Egyptian legislative framework in order to explain whether it protects media freedom and journali ... more

What Compels Journalists to Take a Step Back? Contextualizing the Media Laws and Policies of Bangladesh

In: Handbook of Research on Combating Threats to Media Freedom and Journalist Safety
Sadia Jamil (ed.)
Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2020), pp. 38-53
"Reports by international organizations suggest that physical violence and threats against journalists and bloggers continued with impunity in Bangladesh, resulting in the country being ranked as 146 in the World Press Freedom Index 2018. Considering the increasing incidents of violence against jour ... more

Legal Responses to Online Harassment and Abuse of Journalists: Perspectives from Finland, France and Ireland

OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media;International Press Institute (IPI) (2019), 39 pp.
"This report specifically examines legal remedies for online attacks against journalists. It looks at three case studies, in Finland, France and Ireland, of female journalists who were viciously attacked online for their work and the ensuing attempts to hold the perpetrators accountable. From an ana ... more
"The period between 2014 through the end of 2018 has seen 495 journalists killed, according to UNESCO data, which represents an 18% increase in the number of killings as compared to the preceding 5-year period (2009-2013). Based on the number of killings, the most dangerous regions for journalists a ... more

Supporting Safety of Journalists in Afghanistan: An Assessment Based on UNESCO's Journalists' Safety Indicators

Paris: UNESCO;International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2019), 129 pp.
"This report maps threats against journalists in Afghanistan between January and December 2017. Divided into five key indicator categories, the report first provides an overview of the safety situation of journalists in Afghanistan; followed by the discussion of the roles and responses of State and ... more

Comunicar sin riesgo: Radios comunitarias en tiempos de paz. Manual de autoprotección

Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP) (2019), 69 pp.
"En respuesta al riesgo que enfrentan tanto las emisoras comunitarias como otros medios de comunicación en todas las regiones del país, Colombia cuenta con un programa de protección a periodistas desde el año 2000. Luego de 19años, puede afirmarse que esta iniciativa ha contribuido considerable ... more
"Pakistan’s journalists confront fatal safety risks in the line of their duty and are at the mercy of various types of pressure and extremist groups that threaten, kidnap and even murder them with almost total impunity. Despite the growing violence against journalists in Pakistan, there is a deart ... more
"In the wake of progress in underlining international norms for protection of journalists, UNESCO in 2017 initiated a global consultation on how to strengthen implementation of the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity. The results of this consultation are relevant ... more
"This article maintains that current international law fails to recognize the specific risks associated with the journalistic profession, and that the fragmented, non-binding and unenforceable initiatives on journalists' rights adopted to date have proven ineffective. It argues that a dedicated inte ... more
"Jamal Khashoggi is known for his very sharp critics to Saudi Arabian Governments. He was murdered at the Consulate facility of Saudi Arabia in Istanbul-Turkey. The case has become a concern of international society, put the questions of freedom of expression and press as well the security of journa ... more

Becoming the Story: War Correspondents since 9/11

University of Illinois Press (2018), x, 202 pp.
"Becoming the Story examines the transformation of war reporting in the decade after 9/11. Lindsay Palmer delves into times when print or television correspondents themselves received intense public scrutiny because of an incident associated with the work of war reporting. Such instances include Dan ... more
"The research documents how, despite immense ongoing challenges, in Afghanistan, Iraq, Nepal and Pakistan, some important advances have been made to develop joint structures and innovative approaches to defend the practice of journalism. It examines the long road Colombia has followed in the establi ... more

The United Nations’ Role in Promoting the Safety of Journalists from 1945 to 2016

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 45-60
"The United Nations (UN) has played an increasing role in promoting the safety of journalists. Yet little has been done to study its work from a historical perspective. This paper explores global attempts to promote journalist safety carried out by the UN system, from its inception in 1945 until 201 ... more