"Freedom of expression in Kenya has witnessed several phases of development, ranging from the autocratic to a proactive new media regime. This transformation has been enabled by governance reforms, including repeals and amendment of laws, as well as the promulgation of a new Constitution in 2010. Wi
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th respect to media, these reforms are reflected in the diversity of the Kenya media, which includes FM stations covering almost all the 42 ethnic dialects spoken in Kenya, mobile telephones, and the internet. These channels have expanded space for freedom of expression and engagement in public affairs, although many citizens still do not contribute to public issues and debates via these channels. New media, in particular the internet and interactive media, has been a focus of research and debate. However, the findings from this study reveal that the old media, in particular radio, remain the dominant channel for accessing news and expanding space for freedom of expression. This is largely due to the widespread availability and low cost of radio infrastructure compared to other communication channels. Newspapers, which also fall under old media, are minimally used, but are still more accessible than the internet Access to interactive media is now relatively widespread (56 per cent are regular listeners), but actual use and interaction via this channel still seems to be a preserve of a selected few, with only 3 per cent calling in or joining discussions. A unique unexplained aspect is the marginal differences across rural/urban, gender and age groups." (Conclusion)
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"Our approach is based on an understanding of access to information as a composite measure of access to source/s or platform, exposure, evaluation, content and self-reported differences in citizens’ reporting of the impact of their use of Information, Communication and Media (ICM) resources (Power
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, Khatun and Debeljak 2011). The data that were used to test this approach were collected within InterMedia’s AudienceScapes research initiative, which was co-funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and aimed to improve development outcomes through knowledge sharing and dissemination of research and analysis in a user-friendly format (see www.audiencescapes.org). Within the initiative, InterMedia conducted nationally representative surveys in Kenya, Ghana, Zambia and Tanzania, which focused on how the general population in all four countries obtains, shares and uses information on development related issues. The analysis provided insights into understanding citizen’s access to information in a number of key development areas, such as education, health, governance, agriculture and personal finance, and enabled the InterMedia team to examine our approach to ICM resources and the five dimensions of “Citizen Access to Information”, discussed here. In this article we use examples from these four studies to demonstrate the variation in citizen access to information in developing countries, and illustrate the proposed dimensions and sub-dimensions of our approach." (Pages 19-20)
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"This report uses AudienceScapes data from a nationally representative survey of Tanzania to describe how people of different social groups gather, share and access information through mass media. We also focus on whether the presence of mobile phones can further augment information dissemination us
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ing SMS and mobile radio. Media access and use trends are broken down by region and we profile both national and regional media outlets." (Page 5)
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"Over the last five years, Mozambique has achieved significant improvements in the supporting infrastructure for developing and expanding media and ICTs. The expansion of the optical fibre services, and of access to fixed and mobile telephony and broadband Internet, have been instrumental in helping
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broadcasters extend coverage throughout the country. Mobile phone penetration currently covers 86.7 per cent of the population, including more isolated rural areas. The radio broadcasting subsector (public and community) is the most extensive in terms of both territorial and population coverage, while commercial television stations are also beginning to expand through the country and move beyond the urban centers. However, important constraints remain in this area, in particular: obsolete and insufficient transmission and production equipment in the public radio and television sector; poor quality electricity supply, especially in the districts; unreliable connectivity; shortage of technical capacity for maintenance and repairs to radio transmitters and studios; limited use and mastery of ICTs for producing and disseminating information; high costs for the air transport of newspapers; and poor distribution networks." (Conclusions, page 81)
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"The data highlight statistically significant variations in information access, use and preferences among key demographic segments - notably, between rural and urban respondents, men and women, people with varying levels of education and those living in different regions of the country - all of whic
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h are analyzed in this report. Furthermore, the survey shows that detailed baseline research on media use, ICT use, and communication habits and preferences can be applied directly to development work, which is illustrated in the report by a few hypothetical case studies." (Report summary, page 4)
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"The data presented in this report are based on a survey conducted in April and May 2010 among Zambian adults age 15 and above. Using the 2000 Zambian National Census as the sampling frame and a stratified random sampling design, a nationally representative probability sample of 2,000 respondents wa
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s selected [...] This report is divided into three sections: Chapter 1 - Mass Media Access and Use: Common determinants of access (such as regional distribution, income, and available infrastructure); key issues in Zambians' media use habits, particularly use differences between designated "opinion leaders" and the general population. Chapter 2 - Barriers to Media Access and Use: Profiles of those Zambians lacking access to various mass media; analysis of obstacles to access. Chapter 3 - Media Outlet Preferences in Radio and Television: Audience and programming profiles of specific media outlets." (Page 5)
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"Suchmaschinen wie Google stehen im Zentrum unseres digitalen Lebens. Hinter ihrem einfachen Interface verbirgt sich jedoch eine politische Philosophie in Form von komplexen digitalen Codes. Auf dem Spiel steht nichts weniger als die Frage, wie wir individuell und kollektiv etwas über die Welt in E
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rfahrung bringen werden." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"What is clear from the Research ICT Africa (RIA) Household and Individual Access and Usage Survey is that the diffusion of ICT is highly uneven concentrating in urban areas and leaving some rural areas almost untouched. Access to these technologies is constrained by income as is usage, and as they
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become more complex, they are increasingly constrained by literacy and education. This analysis explores the inequities of access and usage further, by viewing them through a gender lens. Of the limited demand-side data on Africa that exists, very little is disaggregated on gender lines. This study provides a descriptive statistical overview of access to ICTs by women and men and their usage of them. This is supported by focus groups that were undertaken in five of the 17 countries surveyed in East, Central, South and West Africa. The survey reveals some surprising instances where more women than men own mobile phones, such as in South Africa and Mozambique, or where women have greater knowledge of the Internet such as in Cameroon. More generally however, the study confirms the differences in access by men and women to ICTs especially where they depend on public access." (Executive summary)
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"GISWatch has three interrelated goals: surveying the state of the field of information and communications technology (ICT) policy at local and global levels; encouraging critical debate; strengthening networking and advocacy for a just, inclusive information society. Each year the report focuses on
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one particular theme. GISWatch 2009 focuses on access to online information and knowledge – advancing human rights and democracy. It includes several thematic reports dealing with key issues in the field, as well as an institutional overview and a reflection on indicators that track access to information and knowledge. There is also an innovative section on visual mapping of global rights and political crises. In addition, 48 country reports analyse the status of access to online information and knowledge in countries as diverse as the Democratic Republic of Congo, Mexico, Switzerland and Kazakhstan, while six regional overviews offer a bird’s eye perspective on regional trends." (Back cover)
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"La libertad de expresión y el derecho de acceso a la información frente a los derechos de personalidad tratándose de figuras públicas, es un tema que a raíz de la alternancia de poder en México y la diversificación y pluralidad en los canales de comunicación se ha convertido en tema naciona
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l e internacional. Diversos han sido los casos que han llegado a tribunales (en vía civil y penal) a nivel de las Entidades Federativas y sobre todo del Distrito Federal. Ante la falta de actualización de las leyes en materia civil y penal nos enfrentamos a una ambigüedad terminológica que termina perjudicando a las partes que concurren a dirimir sus derechos ante la autoridad, ahora , debido a la deficiente redacción se presentan casos de abusos de derechos tolerados y hasta permitidos por la propia ley." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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