"Significant efforts to develop an independent journalism have stumbled badly in Central Asia, where politics, economics and the unforeseen consequence of widespread self-censorship have derailed development of a Western-style media and the democracy it serves. What is worse, from Kazakhstan to Uzbe
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kistan, prospects for developing a believable, fact-based journalism look grim. Much of this trouble can be laid at the doorstep of self-censorship, which flourishes across the region with uncommon vigor. Central Asian journalism is in worse shape than the rest of the post-Communist world, largely because the socioeconomic and political situations in this relatively remote region remain in flux from a backwardness that modernity is only of late and slowly affecting. One of the most confounding elements that stymie the evolution of Central Asia journalism is a culture that drives the new post-Communist institutions and the mentalities of the region's sociopolitical, economic, and cultural elites. Consequently, those who endeavor to aid the evolution of Central Asian media should look to the history and culture of the region and then impart a more complete understanding of Western journalism's mission, values, roles, and sound news business practices before addressing journalistic techniques." (Abstract)
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"In transitional societies where political pressure on the press is coupled with a commercial media system and a professional journalistic culture, the politics of self-censorship is likely to involve a strategic contest between the media and political actors. Language plays a significant role in th
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is contest. The present study focuses on the case of Hong Kong. It analyzes how two local newspapers, facing an important yet sensitive political issue, constructed two different overall storylines and used two different sets of discursive strategies in their editorials to handle political pressure, market credibility, and journalistic integrity simultaneously. The elite-oriented Ming Pao constructed a storyline of the debate as a factional struggle in order to posit itself as an impartial arbitrator. This approach was further sustained and justified by the discursive strategies of balanced and qualified criticisms and the rhetoric of rational discussion. The mass-oriented Apple Daily, on the other hand, constructed a storyline of a sovereign people whose rights are encroached upon by a powerful entity. The paper was therefore much more critical towards the power center. Nevertheless, it also appropriated the dominant discourse, constructed internal contradictions, and decentralized the Chinese central government to smooth out the radicalism of its criticisms." (Abstract)
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"The press in transition" chronicles and evaluates the experiences of six press institutions in four markedly different media systems. The book adopts a comparative framing to explore press functioning worldwide, and to draw preliminary conclusions about the press in transition. At the heart of the
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study, however, is an up-close portrait of institutions and individuals. Adam Jones is a professor of International Studies at the Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE) in Mexico City. He holds a Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of British Columbia." (Catalogue Deutsches Übersee Institut 2002)
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"This article examines the development of freedom of the press and censorship in Egypt and the Arab world. Further, it discusses patterns of influence on freedom of the press and their impact on Arab journalists. It finds that press freedom in Arab countries and the performance of Arab journalists a
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re still threatened by a censorial political culture, one that develops in an environment usually dominated by a single political party. Overt censorship and self-censorship are commonplace in the Arab news media today and journalism education programs, just as the media themselves have, in fact, been recruited into a national enterprise for the production of propaganda. The technological changes sweeping the world will increase the pressure for change and make issues of censorship obsolete as journalists find outlets for reporting among transnational media." (Abstract)
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"Hong Kong's handover has induced self-censorship among the press in order to curry favor with and avoid coercive pressure from China. Based on a comprehensive survey, this article shows that many journalists perceive their colleagues as being afraid to criticize China but think of themselves as bei
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ng more courageous. Journalists from the party press are systematically different from those from the market-oriented press. However, market-driven “information newspapers” are moving toward apoliticization and toward accommodating the new sovereign, thus blurring their differences with market-driven “story newspapers." (Abstract)
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"Meaning of self-censorship — There has been a Turkish press council since August 1960 — At first the publication of examples of irresponsible press behaviour gave excellent results — But when the press council lost prestige as a result of the overthrow of the military government, moral sancti
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ons were replaced by economic sanctions." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 1113, topic code 110.32)
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"La presse véritablement libre souffre non seulement des grosses difficultés économiques qui lui rendent la vie plus ou moins possible, mais aussi de persécutions gouvernementales — Le rôle des correspondants latino-américains à Paris est difficile pour le journaliste scrupuleux qui a le se
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ns de la responsabilité professionnelle." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 388, topic code 110.32)
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"Die Beziehungen zwischen Staat und Presse in Ceylon, Singapur, dem Nahen Osten und Südkorea - Vorschläge zur Einführung einer Selbstzensur ähnlich der in der Türkei: Ehrenkodex und Berufsgericht." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Bru
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ssels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 888, topic code 110.32)
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