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Gender and Platform Work: Beyond Technosolutionism

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 47 pp.

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Fairwork Peru Ratings 2023: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 38 pp.

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Towards Digital Platforms and Public Purpose

Harvard Kennedy School (2023), 35 pp.

"This paper serves as a summary report for the Democracy and Internet Governance Initiative, a two-year joint initiative between Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy. It delves into the rationale a ... more

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Digital Spaces, Rights and Responsibilities: Towards a Duty of Care Model in Southern Africa

Admire Mare

Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2023), 14 pp.

"In this article, the intersection between digital spaces, rights, and responsibilities in an interconnected platformising world is highlighted. Besides unpacking structural harms and unfreedoms accompanying this platformisation, it also proposes a duty of care model rooted in the African philosophy ... more

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Craig T. Robertson, Amy Ross Arguedas, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 167 pp.

"In many countries, especially outside Europe and the United States, we find a significant further decline in the use of Facebook for news and a growing reliance on a range of alternatives including private messaging apps and video networks. Facebook news consumption is down 4 percentage points, acr ... oss all countries, in the last year. • News use across online platforms is fragmenting, with six networks now reaching at least 10% of our respondents, compared with just two a decade ago. YouTube is used for news by almost a third (31%) of our global sample each week, WhatsApp by around a fifth (21%), while TikTok (13%) has overtaken Twitter (10%), now rebranded X, for the first time. • Linked to these shifts, video is becoming a more important source of online news, especially with younger groups. Short news videos are accessed by two-thirds (66%) of our sample each week, with longer formats attracting around half (51%). The main locus of news video consumption is online platforms (72%) rather than publisher websites (22%), increasing the challenges around monetisation and connection. • Although the platform mix is shifting, the majority continue to identify platforms including social media, search, or aggregators as their main gateway to online news. Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) identify news websites or apps as their main source of online news – that’s down 10 percentage points on 2018. Publishers in a few Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are showing a weaker connection with news brands than they did in the past. • Turning to the sources that people pay most attention to when it comes to news on various platforms, we find an increasing focus on partisan commentators, influencers, and young news creators, especially on YouTube and TikTok. But in social networks such as Facebook and X, traditional news brands and journalists still tend to play a prominent role. • Concern about what is real and what is fake on the internet when it comes to online news has risen by 3 percentage points in the last year with around six in ten (59%) saying they are concerned. The figure is considerably higher in South Africa (81%) and the United States (72%), both countries that have been holding elections this year. • Worries about how to distinguish between trustworthy and untrustworthy content in online platforms is highest for TikTok and X when compared with other online networks. Both platforms have hosted misinformation or conspiracies around stories such as the war in Gaza, and the Princess of Wales’s health, as well as so-called ‘deep fake’ pictures and videos." (Executive summary, page 10) more

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Fairwork Pakistan Ratings 2023: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 58 pp.

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Fairwork Bosnia and Herzegovina Ratings 2023: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Der Kampf um das Internet: Wie Wikipedia, Mastodon und Co. die Tech-Giganten herausfordern

Stefan Mey

München: Beck (2023), 236 pp.

"Mehr Freiheit und mehr Demokratie waren die großen Versprechen des Internets. Doch inzwischen konzentriert sich die Macht bei einigen wenigen Tech-Giganten. Dabei bietet das Netz selbst eine Lösung, um sein ursprüngliches Freiheitsversprechen zu bewahren: die nichtkommerzielle digitale Gegenwelt ... more

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Platform://Democracy: Perspectives on Platform Power, Public Values and the Potential of Social Media Councils

Matthias C. Kettemann, Wolfgang Schulz (eds.)

Hamburg: Leibniz Institut für Medienforschung (2023), 204 pp.

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Fairwork South Africa Ratings 2023: Advocating for Safety and Dignity in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Fairwork Uganda Ratings 2023: A Need for Pro-Worker Change

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 33 pp.

"In 2023, Fairwork conducted the first year of research in Uganda among twelve selected digital platforms. The selected platforms are in the sectors of ride hailing and food delivery. The research and rating of platforms was done as per the five Fairwork principles." (Executive Summary)

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The Social Media Monetisation Playbook
Key Guides

International Media Support (IMS); On.ge (2023), 46 pp.

"This playbook is designed for media managers and journalists who are looking to monetise their social media channels and diversify their income — particularly in countries where English is not the predominant language. It will provide you with practical strategies and tips for creating and moneti ... more

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Digital platforms as socio-cultural artifacts: Developing digital methods for cultural research

Stefania Vicari, Daniel Kirby

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 9 (2023), pp. 1733-1755

"Social media platforms are increasingly looked at as means to investigate social phenomena like collective events, issues or causes. Digital methods – techniques exclusively focused on online data and shaped by the environment hosting these data – have become part and parcel of these investigat ... more

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Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2023

Nic Newman, Richard Fletcher, Kirsten Eddy, Craig T. Robertson, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen (eds.)

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 158 pp.

"Across markets, only around a fifth of respondents (22%) now say they prefer to start their news journeys with a website or app – that’s down 10 percentage points since 2018. Publishers in a few smaller Northern European markets have managed to buck this trend, but younger groups everywhere are ... showing a weaker connection with news brands’ own websites and apps than previous cohorts – preferring to access news via side-door routes such as social media, search, or mobile aggregators. • Facebook remains one of the most-used social networks overall, but its influence on journalism is declining as it shifts its focus away from news. It also faces new challenges from established networks such as YouTube and vibrant youth-focused networks such as TikTok. The Chinese-owned social network reaches 44% of 18–24s across markets and 20% for news. It is growing fastest in parts of Asia-Pacific, Africa, and Latin America. • When it comes to news, audiences say they pay more attention to celebrities, influencers, and social media personalities than journalists in networks like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat. This contrasts sharply with Facebook and Twitter, where news media and journalists are still central to the conversation. • Much of the public is sceptical of the algorithms used to select what they see via search engines, social media, and other platforms. Less than a third (30%) say that having stories selected for me on the basis of previous consumption is a good way to get news, 6 percentage points lower than when we last asked the question in 2016. Despite this, on average, users still slightly prefer news selected this way to that chosen by editors or journalists (27%), suggesting that worries about algorithms are part of a wider concern about news and how it is selected. • Despite hopes that the internet could widen democratic debate, we find fewer people are now participating in online news than in the recent past. Aggregated across markets, only around a fifth (22%) are now active participators, with around half (47%) not participating in news at all. In the UK and United States, the proportion of active participators has fallen by more than 10 percentage points since 2016. Across countries we find that this group tends to be male, better educated, and more partisan in their political vie ws. • Trust in the news has fallen, across markets, by a further 2 percentage points in the last year, reversing in many countries the gains made at the height of the Coronavirus pandemic. On average, four in ten of our total sample (40%) say they trust most news most of the time. Finland remains the country with the highest levels of overall trust (69%), while Greece (19%) has the lowest after a year characterised by heated arguments about press freedom and the independence of the media." (Summary, page 10) more

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Fairwork Nigeria Ratings 2023: Advocating for Increased Safety and Security in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Fairwork Egypt Ratings 2022/23: Platform Workers Amidst Egypt's Economic Crisis

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 51 pp.

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Fairwork Lebanon Ratings 2023: Platform Work in Times of Crisis

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 35 pp.

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Comparing the Platformization of News Media Systems: A Cross-Country Analysis

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Richard Fletcher

European Journal of Communication, volume 38, issue 5 (2023), pp. 484-499

"Platformization has been used to describe how platforms such as Facebook, Google, Twitter, WhatsApp and TikTok have become increasingly important for how people communicate and access information, including news. But to what extent have news media systems in different countries become platformized? ... more

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Fairwork Indonesia Ratings 2023: Labour Standards in the Platform Economy

Oxford; Berlin: Fairwork (2023), 39 pp.

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Societal Divides as a Taxable Negative Externality of Digital Platforms: An Exploration of the Rationale for Regulating Algorithmically Mediated Platforms Differently

Helena Puig Larrauri

Ashoka's Tech & Humanity (2023), 22 pp.

The Social Media Monetisation Playbook Key Guides

The Social Media Monetisation Playbook
Key Guides