"This study draws together two bodies of work concerned with media pluralism, effectiveness, development and strengthening in the developing world. One is drawn from UNESCO’s global work on media assessment and impact indicators, the other from AusAID’s Pacific Media and Communications Facility
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(PMCF) Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment (SANA) of the Pacific media sector. Both highlight the role that the media sector can play in processes of development and change, in supporting more effective forms of government and realising human rights. To some extent, the vitality of the media sector itself is regarded as a proxy indicator for the presence of better governance." (Introduction)
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"Media scholars and students, professionals and policy-makers alike will be introduced to the specific problems and perspectives of media accountability in different media systems and journalistic cultures. The status quo of media criticism online across Europe will be a key issue and provide insigh
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ts into the innovative potential of media accountability in the digital age. Looked at from a comparative point of view, the reports hint at the formation of different cultures of media accountability within Europe and its adjacent countries. These media accountability cultures partly overlap with the journalism cultures identified in the well-known model by Hallin & Mancini who differentiate between North Atlantic or Liberal, Mediterranean or Polarised Pluralist, and Northern European or Democratic Corporatist media systems. At the same time, the development of media accountability and transparency shows distinctive features incongruent with established models of journalism cultures." (Back cover)
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"This study assesses the impact of the African Charter on Broadcasting, a blueprint for broadcasting reform in Africa, approved in 2001 at a conference of media practitioners and freedom of expression advocates held in Windhoek, Namibia. The geographical focus of this study is five countries in West
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Africa - Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Senegal. The purpose of the study is to contribute to the strengthening of pluralistic media and the democratization of communication in countries in transition in West Africa. Its observations and recommendations are also of relevance to those engaged more widely in media reform advocacy and democracy promotion as well as scholars of broadcasting law and policy." (Introduction, page 13)
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"Dieses kompakte Lehrbuch, entstanden in Masterkursen, führt in Kategorien und Fragestellungen zur internationalen Kommunikation, zu Modellen gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung, zum Vergleich von Mediensystemen, zur globalen Medienkultur und zu Trends interkultureller Transformation und Integration ein
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. Neben der problemorientierter Beschäftigung mit grundlegenden theoretischen Ansätzen werden sowohl zentrale Trends der globalen Medienkommunikation an paradigmatischen Beispielen veranschaulicht als wiederholt methodologische Fragen ihrer Erforschung aufgeworfen." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"This article sets out to map the journalistic field as a space of struggle between distinct professional milieus. These milieus crystallize around journalists who share similar views on journalism’s function in society. By means of cluster analysis, four global professional milieus were extracted
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from the survey responses of 1800 journalists in 18 countries: the populist disseminator, detached watchdog, critical change agent and the opportunist facilitator. The detached watchdog milieu clearly dominates the journalistic field in most western countries, while the milieu of the opportunist facilitator reigns supreme in several developing, transitional and authoritarian contexts. In accordance with the theoretical propositions, relatively little professional autonomy was found in contexts with rather strong corporate and commercial influences. However, a more universal approach would need to go beyond corporate and commercial factors in order to account for the realities of the journalistic field in non-western countries." (Abstract)
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"This research project was undertaken with the purpose of exploring the ways in which government mandated programme production schemes may contribute to the capacities and sustainability of the community radio sector. The study involved a critical policy analysis of the Irish Sound and Vision Scheme
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as well as an international comparative analysis of funding schemes as organised in five other jurisdictions [...] The five jurisdictions that were selected for comparison were Austria, Canada, Denmark, France and New Zealand. The choice of schemes was shaped by the ‘method of agreement’ principle, which allows for the selection of varied national contexts (political culture and longevity of scheme, etc.) combined with the relative comparative nature of the policy under consideration. It is important to note the structural differences between the funding schemes. In Denmark, France and Canada the schemes were initiated as dedicated community media/radio production funds and legislation and policy evolved accordingly. In Austria the scheme was legislated for and developed as a dedicated community broadcasting production fund alongside a dedicated fund for the commercial broadcasting sector. In New Zealand the scheme was legislated for as a generic ‘local content’ production fund (open to community, commercial and public television and radio broadcasters) and adapted to enable a dedicated funding policy for access/community radio production within the wider scheme. In Ireland the scheme originated from legislation for a ‘national content’ production fund, open to broadcasters (community, commercial and public) and independent producers. The scheme is ‘generic’ and open to all of these sectors and is thus not a dedicated community media scheme, nor does it contain a separate scheme for community media production funding." (Executive summary, pages v-vi)
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"This article focuses on a comparative analysis of community radio realities in two Lusophone African countries: Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique, whose local ield research refers to 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009, respectively. It focuses on the tense relationship between political power and community radio
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s through theoretical reviewing of two emerging concepts: “Communication for Development” and “Glocalization”. A comprehensive ground-breaking study, it aims at determining what role these media can play so as to build challenging and participative citizenship. It exposes the dangers threatening the sustainability of these tools of empowerment, on being deprived of viable institutional frameworks. The main objective is to identify similarities and differences, to discuss resulting issues and to investigate the feasibility of unifying criteria, formats and deinitions." (Abstract)
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"Those working to develop and reform media often draw on human rights discourse, especially in areas of political violence. Yet discourse reflecting globally dominant conceptions of individually based human rights can have detrimental effects. This study illustrates how militarization and this disco
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urse of human rights can be mutually reinforcing, and explores the impact of this phenomenon on media and reform efforts. We examine as case studies the efforts to reform and develop media in the Philippines and Burma (Myanmar), both militarized states with severely constrained political discourse. As a result, media freedom and reform efforts tend to center on the safety and individual rights of journalists rather than on media as a public service, a political and social force accessible to all." (Abstract)
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"A través de un estudio sistemático basado en el monitoreo de las producciones de ficción televisiva, este anuario presenta y analiza datos de producción, circulación, distribución y consumo de programas de ficción exhibidos en el 2010 y presenta una síntesis comparativa de lo que fue el añ
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o en términos de ficción televisiva." (Contratapa)
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"In 2007 nearly 17,000 people died because of natural disasters and more than 211 million others were directly affected. News media play a basic role in giving publicity to these numerous instances of global suffering as it is mainly through media reports that the world perceives international crise
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s. Drawing upon theories on distant suffering, this study investigates the mediated representation of international crises, with a focus on natural disasters occurring in Australia, Indonesia, Pakistan and the USA. Applying critical discourse analysis, this article explores how discourses of hierarchy and inequality are realised in news texts about distant suffering. The cases of analysis are nine news items that were broadcast on a public and a commercial Belgian television channel on 2 January 2006. The comparative analysis of these news texts reveals glaring differences that reflect global hierarchies of place and human life. Suffering in the West (USA and Australia) was portrayed as comprehensible and close to the spectator, who could identify with the distant sufferers as if they are like us. While being of a greater magnitude, the Indonesian disaster was in contrast presented as no cause for concern or action, which blocked the engagement with the distant sufferers who were portrayed as ‘Others’, with a capital ‘o’. Pakistan sufferers were also articulated as distant others, but close-ups of gazing children urged the spectator to care for them and potentially act on the represented misfortune. In general, the critical discourse analysis supports the claim that Western news media reproduce a certain kind of global hierarchy, mainly a Euro-American-centred world order, and that news discourse normalises inequalities. This article argues that mediated representations of international crises reflect and consolidate the power relations and divisions that characterise our contemporary world." (Abstract)
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