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Smartphones: Die Macht in der Hand

iz3w, issue 376 (2020), pp. D1-D31

"Weltweit nutzen 3,3 Milliarden Menschen ein Smartphone, Tendenz weiter steigend. In nahezu allen Ländern des Südens ist die Verbreitung besonders groß. Nicht immer handelt es sich dabei um teure Topmodelle, aber gerade wegen ihrer Erschwinglichkeit sind allein in afrikanischen Ländern 700 Milli ... onen internetfähige Smartphones und nicht-internetfähige Mobile Phones im Gebrauch. Selbst in Ländern wie Somalia, wo Infrastrukturen gleich welcher Art kaum existent sind, funktioniert eines recht zuverlässig: das Mobilfunknetz. In einer High-Tech-Fabrik in Ruanda laufen seit neuestem täglich zehntausend »MaraPhones« genannte Smartphones vom Band. Die durch Smartphones und Mobile Phones entstehenden Möglichkeiten werden überall auf der Welt ausgiebig genutzt. Tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Veränderungen sind die Folge. Familiäre Beziehungen werden neu gestaltet und klassische Modelle sozialer Interaktion wie »Freundschaft« neu definiert. Praktisch jeder Wirtschaftssektor ist gründlich von den Handys auf den Kopf gestellt worden. Auch in der kleinbäuerlichen Landwirtschaft in Ostafrika gehören Smartphones längst zum Alltag. Ohne dem Kulturpessimismus zu frönen: Es liegt auf der Hand, dass all diese Entwicklungen nicht nur Chancen, sondern auch große Gefahren bergen. Mit keiner anderen systemrelevanten Technologie lassen sich Manipulation und Überwachung von Individuen besser bewerkstelligen als via Smartphone. Die mit erpresserischen Methoden exekutierte Datensammelwut der großen Konzerne hat durchaus eine Entsprechung in der Überwachung durch autoritäre Regime. Dagegen klingen frühere Dystopien à la »Big Brother is watching you« harmlos. Im Bereich des Politischen wird besonders deutlich, wie groß die partizipatorischen Potenziale einer Demokratie von unten via Social Media sind, aber auch, wie schnell diese in Regression, Manipulation und Repression münden. Der Arabische Frühling galt zu Recht als »Facebook-Revolution«, das hierarchische Sender-Empfänger-Prinzip war partiell aufgehoben. Was aber vor staatlicher Verfolgung nicht nur nicht schützte, sondern sie oft überhaupt erst ermöglichte. Perfektioniert wird politische Kontrolle via Smartphone einmal mehr von der KP der Volksrepublik China. Sie hält ihre 90 Millionen Parteimitglieder via App auf Kurs – und wehe, jemand liest zu wenig Beiträge und sammelt nicht genügend »Lernpunkte«! Beim Smartphone ist es eben wie beim Beton: Es kommt drauf an, was man draus macht." (Editorial, Seite D2) more

Las TIC en la agricultura boliviana: Nuevas oportunidades para todos los productores?

María Ángeles Rubio, Jorge Albarracín

La Paz: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), CIDES (2019), 205 pp.

External Link (7)

Digital Platforms for Agro-Advisory and Business Service Delivery: Lessons from Scaling-up of AgroTech in Ghana

Cecil Osei, Alfred Yeboah, Francis Arthur, Emmanuel Agbedanu, Sybil Chidiac

Grameen Foundation;Farmradio International (2018), 15 pp.

"Grameen Foundation, Farm Radio International and other partners implemented the project “Achieving Impact at Scale” from 2015 to 2018 18. The objective of the project is to test the scale up of AgroTech, an ICT platform, in the delivery of agricultural extension and agribusiness advisory servic ... more

Why Invest in ICTs for Agriculture?

Wageningen: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) (2018), vi, 67 pp.

"Through case studies and examples of ICTS for agriculture (ICT4Ag) initiatives from across Asia, the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa, the first chapter looks at how ICT4Ag actually works to drive economic development across developing economies. Further, the chapter reviews the ICT applications, i ... more

Exploiter les opportunités du numérique au profit du développement rural

Bonn: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) (2018), 106 pp.

ICT in Agriculture: Connecting Smallholders to Knowledge, Networks, and Institutions
Key Guidance

Washington, DC: World Bank, updated ed. (2017), xxiii, 436 pp.

"This resource is designed to support practitioners, decision makers, and development partners who work at the intersection of ICT and agriculture. In this revised e-Sourcebook you will find updated modules on ICT in the work of producer organizations; in research, extension and innovation; and in v ... more

ICT4AG Handbook: A Quick Guide to ICT Solutions for Smallholder Farmers

Namita Singh

Digital Green (2017), 30 pp.

"This handbook gives an overview of a broad range of technologies and can be useful for professionals engaged in agriculture extension, organizations working with smallholder farmers, implementors, donors and other public sector partners. Those interested in the use ICTs for development may also fin ... more

Assessing the Role of Information and Communication Technologies to Enhance Food Systems in Developing Countries: A Focus on Eastern and Southern Africa

Charles Steinfield, Susan Wyche

Michigan State University, Global Center for Food Systems Innovation (GCFSI);U.S. Global Development Lab (2013), 39 pp.

Exploring the Promise of Information and Communication Technologies for Women Farmers in Kenya

Cristina Manfre, Caitlin Nordehn

USAID (2013), 10 pp.

Information and Communications for Development: Maximizing Mobile

Washington, DC: World Bank (2012), xviii, 221 pp.

"Analyzes the growth and evolution of mobile telephony, including the rise of data-based services delivered to handheld devices through “apps” (applications) and other ways. Summarizing current thinking and seeking to inform the debate on the use of mobile phones to improve livelihoods, the repo ... more

Dial “A” for Agriculture: A Review of Information and Communication Technologies for Agricultural Extension in Developing Countries

Jenny C. Aker

Washington, DC: Center for Global Development (2011), 36 pp.

"This article outlines the potential mechanisms through which ICT could facilitate agricultural adoption and the provision of extension services in developing countries. It then reviews existing programs using ICT for agriculture, categorized by the mechanism (voice, text, internet and mobile money ... more

The Innovative Use of Mobile Applications in East Africa
Top Insights

Johan Hellström

Stockholm: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) (2010), 100 pp.

"This report gives an overview of the current state of mobile phone use and services in East Africa. It outlines major trends and main obstacles for increased use as well as key opportunities and potential for upscaling mobile applications. The report draws on secondary data and statistics, as well ... more

External Link (10)

Communication for Rural Development: Inventory of Communication Resources in Farmer Advisory Services Using ICTs in Rakai District-Uganda

Bukenya Godfrey

Wageningen: Larenstein University of Applied Sciences (2009), ix; 56 pp.

ICTs for Agricultural Livelihoods: Impact and Lessons Learned from IICD Supported Activities

The Hague: International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) (2006), 76 pp.

"The projects described in this booklet were carried out by IICD and its partners over a six-year period and provide examples of the many ways in which ICTs contribute to poverty alleviation in the agricultural sector. IICD hopes to contribute to a better understanding of the opportunities of employ ... more

iConnect Collected: Experiences in ICT for Education, Livelihoods and Governance in Six African Countries

The Hague: International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) (2006), 60 pp.

"The iConnect website and monthly e-Bulletin is a major source for information on the application of knowledge and Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in sustainable development. In 2005, as part of an effort to get more ‘southern voices’ into the current global discourse on ICT fo ... more

Desarrollo rural y tecnologías de información y comunicación: Experiencias en el Perú. Lecciones aprendidas y recomendaciones

Juan Fernando Bossio, Javier López Velarde, Miguel Sarvia, Peter Wolf

Lima: Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG);Ministerio de Agricultura (MINAG);Programa Desarrollo Rural Sostenible GTZ (PDRS) (2005), 52 pp.

The TICBolivia Country Programme: The Impact of IICD Support for Poverty Reduction and Development Using ICTs, 2000-2004

The Hague: International Institute for Communication and Development (IICD) (2005), 72 pp.

"Since it was launched in 2000, the Bolivia Country Programme known as TICBolivia has helped over 50,000 people, mainly small farmers, teachers, students, indigenous leaders and local officials, use ICTs to improve their lives and contribute to their country’s development. All the ICT activities g ... more

Gender and Agriculture in the Information Society: A Special Report of CTA Meeting

Helen Hambly Odame

Wageningen: Technical Centre for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA) (2004), 84 pp.

Lessons from the Field: An Overview of the Current Uses of Information and Communication Technologies for Development. A Digital Dividend Report

John Paul, Robert Katz, Sean Gallagher

World Resources Institute (2004), 59 pp.

A Rural ICT Toolkit for Africa

Andrew Dymond, Sonja Oestmann

African Connection (AC) (2004), iv, 67 pp. + annexes

"The Rural ICT Toolkit concentrates on the “how to” of implementing rural ICT programs and projects. It is aimed at providing state of the art knowledge and best practice on rural ICT development, basic recommended standards and tools for rural ICT initiatives. Among other things, it summarises ... more