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Measuring what matters: How to assess AI’s environmental impact
Geneva: ITU (2025), viii, 21 pp.
This report synthesizes key findings from a diverse range of sources, including academic literature, corporate sustainability initiatives, and emerging environmental tracking tools. Collectively, these documents provide a thorough overview of current methodologies for evaluating the environmental im
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State of digital development and trends in Asia and the Pacific: Challenges and opportunities
Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 53 pp.
"[...] While mobile broadband covers over 95 per cent of the population, disparities persist. High-income economies lead in 5G deployment and innovation, while lower-income countries face infrastructure, affordability, and digital literacy gaps. The urban-rural divide remains, and women and marginal
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Greening digital companies 2025: Monitoring emissions and climate commitments
Geneva; Amsterdam: ITU; World Benchmarking Alliance (2025), 90 pp.
"The fourth edition of the Greening Digital Companies: Monitoring Emissions and Climate Commitments report continues to track greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use and climate commitments of 200 digital companies. It provides a critical foundation for setting science-based targets (SBTs), measu
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State of digital development and trends in the CIS region: Challenges and opportunities
Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 47 pp.
"This publication offers a comprehensive overview of digital development in the CIS region. The data reveal a region where nine in ten people are online—well above the global average—and where mobile broadband networks now cover virtually the entire population. These are important milestones. At
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State of digital development and trends in the Arab States region: Challenges and opportunities
Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 53 pp.
"This report offers a comprehensive snapshot of the region’s digital landscape, highlighting both remarkable progress and persisting challenges. Ninety-five per cent of the population in this region is covered by mobile broadband networks, and more than half of the countries have already achieved
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State of digital development and trends in the Africa region: Challenges and opportunities
Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 49 pp.
"This publication reveals that the gap between ambition and reality remains wide. Mobile broadband coverage has expanded rapidly, offering most of the population the possibility of going online. And yet, only 38 per cent of the population currently uses the Internet—the lowest rate among all ITU r
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Atlas der KI: Die materielle Wahrheit hinter den neuen Datenimperien
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2025), 336 pp.
"Ist Künstliche Intelligenz nur eine weitere Entwicklung der Digitalisierung des Alltags, eine effiziente Software in einer „Cloud“? Die KI-Forscherin Kate Crawford entlarvt diese verharmlosende Vorstellung und beleuchtet die konkreten Auswirkungen der Technologie auf die physische Welt. Ihre R
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State of digital development and trends in the Americas region: Challenges and opportunities
Geneva: ITU (2025), v, 51 pp.
"This publication provides an in-depth look at digital development across the region, revealing both substantial progress and areas where challenges persist. Internet use is widespread, with nearly nine in ten people online. In a milestone achievement, the Americas is the only region to have fully b
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Nature Guidance for the Mobile Industry
London: GSMA (2025), 76 pp.
Power Hungry: How AI Will Drive Energy Demand
Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund (IMF) (2025), 28 pp.
"The development and deployment of large language models like ChatGPT across the world requires expanding data centers that consume vast amounts of electricity. Using descriptive statistics and a multi-country computable general equilibrium model (IMF-ENV), we examine how AI-driven data center growt
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Smarter, greener extractivism: Digital infrastructures and the harnessing of new resources
Information, Communication & Society (2024), 20 pp.
"The past several years have seen increased scholarly attention to the concept of ‘extraction’ and ‘extractivism’ as critical frameworks in the humanities and social sciences. These are not only concepts and processes through which to understand material extraction but also expanded formatio
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Metastudie "Nachhaltigkeitseffekte der Digitalisierung": Eine Auswertung aktueller Studien zur (quantitativen) Bemessung der Umwelteffekte durch die Digitalisierung
Berlin: Technopolis; Institut für ökologische Wirtschaftsforschung (2024), ix, 96 pp.
"In dieser Studie werden auf Basis der Literaturanalyse eine Vielzahl an Anwendungsfällen mit besonders hohen Potenzialen für positive Umwelteffekte identifiziert. Insbesondere im Energiebereich gibt es eine Vielzahl von vergleichsweise gut erforschten Anwendungsfällen. Hierzu zählt beispielswei
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Mobile Net Zero 2024: State of the Industry on Climate Action
London: GSMA (2024), 50 pp.
"Climate action continues to be a key priority for the mobile industry. In 2019, the mobile industry set a goal to reach net zero by 2050, becoming one of the first sectors in the world to set such an ambitious target. This report is the fourth annual assessment of the industry’s progress towards
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AI and the Environment: International Standards for AI and the Environment
Geneva: ITU (2024), vi, 43 pp.
"International standards provide the guidelines and benchmarks needed to measure and improve the environmental impact of AI. Codifying established best practices, standards help mitigate risks such as high energy consumption and lifecycle emissions. They also provide measurement methodologies to ass
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The Global E-Waste Monitor 2024
Deep Insights
Bonn; Geneva: United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR); ITU (2024), 148 pp.
In 2022, a record 62 billion kg of e-waste was generated globally (equivalent to an average of 7.8 kg per capita per year); 22.3 per cent of this e-waste mass was documented as formally collected and recycled in an environmentally sound manner. In 2010, the world generated 34 billion kg of e-waste,
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Measuring the Emissions & Energy Footprint of the ICT Sector: Implications for Climate Action
Washington, DC; Geneva: World Bank; ITU (2024), vi, 45 pp.
"The objective of this report is two-fold. First, the report breaks down the energy and emissions profile of the sector and assesses the 30 highest emitting countries for telecommunications while providing global estimates for other ICT sector segments. The report uses a key framework for categorizi
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National E-waste Monitor Botswana
Geneva: ITU (2023), viii, 29 pp.
"This report examines the overall statistics of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) placed on the market (POM) and e-waste generation in Botswana. The main findings indicate that 21 097 tonnes of EEE were placed on the market in Botswana in 2020 generated by demand from households and business
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