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Effectively countering disinformation: Perspectives from every continent

Cathleen Berger, Charlotte Freihse, Otto Meyer

Gütersloh; Berlin: Bertelsmann Stiftung; Global Public Policy Institute (GPPI) (2024), 33 pp.

"Disinformation is spread in every part of the world. In this comparative report, we analyse similarities and differences based on a 6-part international research series commissioned and supported by the Upgrade Democracy team between 2023-2024 under the theme “strengthening democracy, countering ... more

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Winning the Battle of Ideas: Exposing Global Authoritarian Narratives and Revitalizing Democratic Principles

Joseph Siegle

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2024), 23 pp.

"Rather than selling authoritarianism as such, authoritarian narratives focus on themes that have popular appeal—while attributing a wide range of visceral grievances to the shortcomings of democracy. Authoritarian narratives fall into four broad categories: 1. Noninterference, Choice, and Threats ... to Sovereignty: Narrative attempts to invoke universal themes such as sovereignty, noninterference, and choice which are presented as under threat from the spread of democracy. 2. Exploiting Grievances in the Global South: Tactics designed to attribute the numerous grievances in the Global South to exploitation by the West. 3. Democracies Failing to Deliver: A narrative that takes aim at the efficacy of democracy and, by implication, amplifies the ill-informed narratives about effectiveness of authoritarian governance. 4. Need for a New World Order: Collectively, the claims of Western interference, exploitation, and governance failures are intended to generate disillusionment with democracy and receptiveness to nondemocratic rule. Autocrats use a variety of channels to disseminate these preferred narratives at scale. The four following methods are particularly noteworthy: 1. Social Media: Authoritarians have taken advantage of the enormous—and still growing—social media sphere to promote narratives legitimizing autocracy. They exploit many users’ limited digital literacy skills through information influence campaigns and the employment of bots and online “troll farms” to peddle their preferred worldview. 2. State Broadcasters: Authoritarian actors also disseminate narratives through state media like RT, Sputnik, Xinhua, and China Global Television Network (CGTN). These outlets have the tone and imprimatur of an official news service, giving them a veneer of credibility that expands their reach. 3. Partnerships with Local Media: Authoritarian state-backed outlets aim to embed their content within national information environments. By disseminating preferred narratives through local media outlets and training foreign journalists, authoritarian actors are able to propagate norms of state control over the public information sphere. 4. Foreign Media Cooptation: Finally, authoritarian states are forging partnerships with other state broadcasters. These relationships have the indirect effect of incentivizing self-censorship and enable the intimidation of journalists and activists who criticize authoritarian leadership." (Executive summary, page 1-.2) more

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Desinformación al descubierto: Aprendizajes, retos y recomendaciones

Kirvin Larios

Fundación Gabo; Proyecto Desconfío (2024), 36 pp.

"Echando mano de ejemplos de buenas prácticas y de casos de proyectos especializados que se ubican en la primera línea contra la desinformación, esta guía propone una conversación, necesaria y urgente, a partir de una selección de lo sucedido en la edición 2023 de la Cumbre Global sobre Desin ... more

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Debunking and exposing misinformation among fringe communities: Testing source exposure and debunking anti-Ukrainian misinformation among German fringe communities

Johannes Christiern Santos Okholm, Amir Ebrahimi Fard, Marijn ten Thij

Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 5, issue 1 (2024), 13 pp.

"Through an online field experiment, we test traditional and novel counter-misinformation strategies among fringe communities. Though generally effective, traditional strategies have not been tested in fringe communities, and do not address the online infrastructure of misinformation sources support ... more

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Combate à desinformação sobre a Amazônia legal e seus defensores

Viviane Tavares (coord.)

São Paulo: Intervozes (2023), 59 pp.

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The Media Manipulation Casebook

Cambridge, MA: Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2023)

"The Media Manipulation Casebook is a research platform [launched in 2019] that advances knowledge of misinformation and disinformation and their threats to democracy, public health, and security. The Casebook is a resource for building the field of Critical Internet Studies by equipping researchers ... more

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Ciências da Comunicação contra a Desinformação

Nair Prata, Hendryo André, Silvio Simão de Matos (eds.)

São Paulo: Intercom – Sociedade Brasileira de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação (2023), 271 pp.

"Fruto do Ciclo de Estudos Interdisciplinares da Comunicação, atividade integrante do 45° Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação, a obra reúne pontos de vista convergentes, complementares e antagônicos sobre o tema desinformação. Além de uma versão textual da conferência de abe ... more

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Anti-Rumour. Verschwörungserzählungen, Fake News und wie man sie erkennt. Der-Anti-Rumour Leitfaden

Stiftung Digitale Chancen; Challedu; Citizens in Power (2023), 62 pp.

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How African countries respond to fake news and hate speech

Lisa Garbe, Lisa-Marie Selvik, Pauline Lemaire

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 1 (2023), pp. 86-103

"While scholars have already identified and discussed some of the most urgent problems in content moderation in the Global North, fewer scholars have paid attention to content regulation in the Global South, and notably Africa. In the absence of content moderation by Western tech giants themselves, ... more

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Counter Recruiting in the Online Gaming Community

Sean Raming

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2023), 9 pp.

"Organisations ranging from violent extremist groups to the US Army have used online gaming, a popular form of entertainment among the world’s youth, for recruiting purposes. To date, efforts to curtail online recruiting have been siloed to reduce recruitment of certain groups, such as violent ext ... more

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De-platforming disinformation: Conspiracy theories and their control

H. Innes, M. Innes

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 6 (2023), pp. 1262-1280

"Informed by two case studies of de-platforming interventions performed by Facebook against two high profile conspiracy theorists who had been messaging about Covid-19, this article investigates how de-platforming functions as an instrument of social control, illuminating the intended and unintended ... more

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Information Integrity to Sustain Peace during Electoral Processes. Sustaining Peace during Electoral Processes (SELECT) Project

New York: UNDP (2023), 48 pp.

"The purpose of this report is to gain a better understanding of the pertinent dynamics and to bolster the design of programming to support the information ecosystem around elections. In aid of this, UNDP sought information through a number of channels, in a review of the relevant literature, a seri ... more

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Manual para combatir la desinformación: Claves para un pensamiento informado

Fundación Telefónica (2023), 10 pp.

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Evaluation finale: « Projet renforcement de la résilience communautaire à la désinformation dans les régions du nord et du centre du Mali »

Sékou Doumbia, Zoumana Kone

Search for Common Ground (2023), 57 pp.

"Les objectifs du projet cadrent bien avec un certain nombre de politiques ou stratégies comme décrit dans le présent rapport. A titre d’exemple, on citer la politique nationale de lutte contre le terrorisme et l’extrémisme violent dans son Pilier 1, ainsi que la stratégie nationale de la r ... more

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An Evaluation of ‘Civilia’: Working with Local Media to Tackle Hate Speech in Côte D’Ivoire

Internews (2023), 38 pp.

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Countering Misinformation via Emotional Response Generation

Daniel Russo, Shane Peter Kaszefski-Yaschuk, Jacopo Staiano, Marco Guerini

arXiv, issue 2311.10587 (2023), 17 pp.

"The proliferation of misinformation on social media platforms (SMPs) poses a significant danger to public health, social cohesion and ultimately democracy. Previous research has shown how social correction can be an effective way to curb misinformation, by engaging directly in a constructive dialog ... more

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Shielding Democracy: Civil Society Adaptations to Kremlin Disinformation About Ukraine

Adam Fivensen, Galyna Petrenko, Veronika Víchová, Andrej Polešcuk

Washington, DC: National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2023), 30 pp.

"This report highlights adaptations and innovations by Ukrainians in their struggle against Moscow’s disinformation machine. As part of the project, the International Forum on Democratic Studies conducted more than fifty expert interviews and hosted a series of convenings with experts from Ukraine ... more

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The Effects of Flagging Propaganda Sources on News Sharing: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Twitter

Fan Liang, Qinfeng Zhu, Gabriel Miao Li

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 28, issue 4 (2023), pp. 909–928

"While research on flagging misinformation and disinformation has received much attention, we know very little about how the flagging of propaganda sources could affect news sharing on social media. Using a quasi-experimental design, we test the effect of source flagging on people’s actual sharing ... more

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Guía de transición ecosocial y principios éticos para nuestros medios

Manuel Chaparro Escudero, Lara Espinar, Amal El Mohammadiane Tarbift, Lidia Peralta

Quito; Málaga: CIESPAL; COMandalucía Laboratorio de Comunicación y Cultura, 3rd ed. (2023), 237 pp.

"Guía de transición ecosocial y principios éticos para nuestros medios” es un manual de redacción y valores que busca inspirar a las personas lectoras a través de principios éticos narrativos relacionados con la práctica del periodismo en los medios audiovisuales y en las prácticas de tran ... more

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Lebanon's Information Environment: Exploring Appropriate Responses

Mirna Ghanem

Metn: Samir Kassir Foundation; National Endowment for Democracy (NED) (2023), 32 pp.

"The purpose of this study is twofold: to understand how the Lebanese public consumes news published on traditional and alternative media, with a focus on how they perceive and deal with disinformation campaigns and fake news, and to build a comprehensive view of the organizations and initiatives th ... more