"As advertising revenues shift to non-journalistic platforms, news organizations face financial difficulties. To safeguard pluralism and editorial competition, alternative funding sources should be considered. Policymakers can support private media organizations with mechanisms such as tax relief or
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even direct subsidies to specific media companies. Such support need not compromise media independence if safeguards such as statutory eligibility criteria are in place. Given convergence, support for private media should also be extended to online media." (Key messages)
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"El enfoque de la comunicación desde los pueblos indígenas y para los pueblos indígenas implica la construcción de un diálogo intercultural como propuesta a la sociedad colombiana. Somos conscientes de la necesidad de visibilizarse pero también de la inevitabilidad de ser vistos. El reto está
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en construir una relación horizontal, de mutuo aprendizaje y de respeto en la resolución de dichas necesidades. Se establecen cuatro componentes en la Política Publica de Comunicación Indígena PPCI:
Las Formas Propias de Comunicación se consideran el eje fundamental de la política, son la base para el desarrollo de la comunicación indígena en todas sus manifestaciones y constituyen el propósito mayor de la política, el cual debe ser su fortalecimiento y revitalización. Este componente tiene su centro o corazón en el Territorio y la espiritualidad, a partir de allí se teje con la simbología y los saberes alimentando los otros componentes, y a su vez retroalimentándose de ellos.
El Plan de Formación se resalta como un componente específico, porque es necesario darle fuerza y presencia al concepto de formación dentro de la implementación de la política; sin embargo, involucra temas y acciones de los programas diseñados en formas propias, en medios apropiados y en derechos y garantías. Se constituye entonces como el catalizador cultural de la política, pues su proyección no está diseñada solo hacia los comunicadores, si no también, hacia los públicos y audiencias. A los procesos de formación se les asigna el carácter de Plan, porque así se ha diseñado y se ha venido implementando desde los esfuerzos propios de los colectivos y organizaciones indígenas.
El componente de Medios Apropiados se segrega de los otros componentes, porque los diseños específicos de sus programas implican fuertes dependencias externas en tecnologías y recursos, pero también porque se le quiere subrayar y diferenciar el carácter de medios o herramientas que no pueden suplantar los objetivos principales de la política. Es decir, las acciones desarrolladas en cuanto a medios, deberán verificarse en su viabilidad, en cuanto contribuyan a los objetivos integrales y fundamentales de la política. Es necesario subrayar que no todos los pueblos indígenas incluyen en la implementación de la política este componente, hasta tanto ellos no lo decidan autónomamente.
El componente de Derechos y Garantías, representa la relación con la institucionalidad y el Estado. Su principio fundamental es la coexistencia de los tres sistemas jurídicos que constitucionalmente se establecen para Colombia: el Derecho Propio de los pueblos indígenas, las leyes especiales y el derecho general de la nación. Mediante este componente, se pretende dar respuesta al tratamiento especial que requiere la política para pueblos indígenas, lo que debe reflejarse en los instrumentos para la regulación, evaluación, seguimiento, participación, sostenibilidad y financiación de la política." (Página 52)
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"China’s media offensive in Africa is an expression of the need to create advantageous conditions for its own trade relations and for strategic alliances, for example in international organizations. At the same time, China’s global charm offensive or »charm defensive« is also a reaction to wha
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t China often feels is unfair reporting in western media about China and China in Africa. Consequently, the Chinese leadership is investing in internationalizing and expanding its state media in cooperation with African state media and in ambitious exchange and training programmes for African journalists. The aforementioned objectives of Chinese foreign media are accompanied and supported by strategic Chinese corporate investment in information technology and telecommunications infrastructure in African countries. In other words, China’s soft power approach is flanked by hard power. German foreign and development policy should carefully analyse the growing competition and criticism of western reporting about Africa and draw conclusions for media development cooperation." (Page 1)
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"Key recommendations: Invest in increased nationwide coverage of environmental issues and media professionalism across all media platforms [...] Conduct more targeted, specialised training on effective environmental reporting [...] Build on dynamism of online information initiatives [...] Begin educ
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ation on the environment in schools early." (Page 5)
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"Wenn wir von der kommunikativen Mission der Kirche sprechen, sprechen wir nicht von einer Mission unter vielen. Tatsächlich sprechen wir über den fundamentalen Grund, warum die Kirche existiert. Die Kirche existiert durch den Willen Gottes und sie existiert genau zu dem Zweck, die Frohe Botschaft
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Jesu Christi zu verkünden. Von Anbeginn war dies die universelle Mission. Wir sind aufgerufen, die Frohe Botschaft bis ans Ende der Welt zu tragen, um sicherzustellen, dass die Frohe Botschaft des Evangeliums die Herzen der Menschen in allen Teilen der Welt erreicht und berührt. Diese Botschaft, die uns anvertraut wurde – diese Frohe Botschaft – ist eine Person, Jesus Christus. Kommunikation steht auch in unserem Alltag als Gläubige im Mittelpunkt. Die Kirche ist eine Gemeinschaft, sie ist eine Zusammenkunft jener, die sich im Namen Christi versammeln. Unsere „Ecclesia“ kann nicht erblühen, unsere Kirche wird kein Ort der Communio und Zugehörigkeit sein, wenn wir diese Formen der Kommunikation, die zu einem Gefühl der Verbundenheit und Teilnahme führen, nicht fördern." (Seite 483)
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"1. Incorporate media assistance into a larger framework of development aid.
2. Incorporate media indicators and audits into governance diagnostics and needs analysis.
3. Co-operate with media development CSOs and determine media objectives and outcomes, not methodologies.
4. Focus on building publi
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c demand for inclusive policy dialogue.
5. Support independent, sustainable, and capable local media in developing countries.
6. Foster ownership as a central component of support.
7. Promote citizen access to the media and mobile technologies as well as citizens’ media literacy.
8. Encourage links between media institutions and the rest of civil society.
9. Support systematic research on the effects of media and information access on domestic accountability.
10. Learn about and harness new technologies." (Strategic principles for media assistance, pages 104-106)
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"In 2010 the Open Democracy Advice Centre undertook a comprehensive review of the state of whistleblowing in South Africa, entitled 'The Status of Whistleblowing' (2010). Three years on, the whistleblowing landscape is due another review. Research demonstrates that progress has not merely halted in
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the current context, but that in fact South Africa appears increasingly hostile to whistleblowing activities. It is not just legislative provisions that may require review, but other broader environmental recommendations are also needed in order to properly enable whistleblowing. This publication looks at how to create an environment in South Africa that can encourage whistleblowers to act – this means not looking at law alone, and understanding that interventions are required at multiple points in the whistleblowing process if people are to feel supported enough to disclose." (Introduction)
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"Argues that media — whether traditional or online — matters a great deal in the lives of girls in the developing world. It matters because it has the ability to be harmful to girls’ interests and selfesteem, and it matters because it can also be so effective in playing a positive role in girl
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s’ lives. Specifically, media can influence girls’ aspirations and behaviours around their health and livelihoods, open the door to greater participation in society and ensure that girls’ issues move higher up the public agenda. If challenges around media access and control are addressed head on and girls come to be valued as an audience, then media can play a vital role in helping to advance the well-being of adolescent girls in regions of the world where their interests have traditionally been most neglected." (Introduction)
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"El objetivo de este trabajo es ampliar la información y difusión sobre el contexto real en el que las radios comunitarias posibilitan el ejercicio de la libertad de expresión desde las comunidades. Con este informe esperamos contribuir a visibilizar e impulsar el análisis sobre el tercer sector
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de la comunicación en el país. Este trabajo ha sido elaborado a partir de los resultados obtenidos de la investigación de campo levantada en siete estados de la república con contextos diversos que han incidido en el quehacer radiofónico de la ciudadanía y de las comunidades. Con la ayuda de nuestras asociadas se contactó a otros colectivos radiofónicos en Puebla, Veracruz, Oaxaca, Michoacán, Sonora, Nuevo León y Chiapas, con quienes se organizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas grupales e individuales." (Presentación)
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"Kenya has over a hundred radio stations today a good number of them being commercial stations while the others are community Radios. Some of these commercial stations broadcast in vernacular therefore causing confusion as to what exactly is the difference between a community radio and the commercia
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l radio broadcasting in a local language. This paper attempts at elucidating vividly the difference between the two and the role they play in the society with a bias to the Kenyan context of legal and policy frame work." (Abstract)
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"News represents 23% of the total schedule on the six radio stations monitored [...] The situation of conflict had a direct influence on the subjects treated in news and information content with a focus 1) on the conflict (more than one third of news and information content) but not on grassroots co
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nflict mitigation activities (2.6%) and 2) on politics (one third of news and information content). Security issues are the main subject related to the need of the population while social subjects (food security, health and education) do not seem to be a priority at the moment [...] Analysts registered in the database 74 elements of hate speech in the print press and only four in media content broadcast by radio stations." (Page 5)
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"Acknowledgement of the increasingly central role of data in decision making at all levels of society is increasingly visible. The High-Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda called for “A New Data Revolution” that would help track progress toward development goals and ensure the inclus
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ion of all people in human development. But for data to truly forge inclusiveness in development, multilateral organizations, governments, NGOs, companies, and citizens will increasingly need “infomediaries” to chase down and make sense of the most relevant data of interest to people. This new data can be an important building block for creating sustainable media institutions, stimulating wider demand for fact-based policy and decision making, and measuring progress. Today, more transparency in budgets, spending data, or service provision statistics can likewise be a critical raw material for enterprising media [...] But all of these promises will not be realized just by training journalists and providing them with the latest digital tools. The specter of all of the other well-known challenges to practicing journalism–censorship, attacks on journalists, criminal libel laws, and collapsing business models–is a reminder that in the absence of a stable, enabling, and supporting environment, data journalism is likely to remain an unfulfilled promise. The international development community should work more closely with media developers to ensure that the critical role of media is well understood and factored into overall development planning." (Conclusion)
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"This study is based on the Intended Outcomes Needs Assessment (IONA) methodology and assesses the changing relationships between media and conflict in Myanmar. Findings reveal a deeply rooted, intractable, and dynamic conflict landscape. Analysis focuses on three key conflicts: citizen-state, ethni
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c, and intercommunal. The developing media environment has been a central feature of the transition. The range of outlets for information sharing and the diversity and reach of content are expanding rapidly. Radio has a significant influence in ethnic and conflict-affected areas. Television does as well, especially in urban areas. New media freedoms are supporting peaceful transition but are also causing harm. Certain initiatives are needed to monitor and counter hate speech online and leverage social media and online mechanisms to advance social norms that support peaceful coexistence and tolerance." (Summary)
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"[...] The briefing looks at the everyday experience of people living in the world’s most populous continent: Asia. It draws on data from BBC Media Action’s Climate Asia project, which interviewed more than 33,000 people in seven countries – Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan
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and Vietnam – and compiled the results into the region’s largest ever study of public knowledge of and attitudes towards climate change. In documenting the stories of people and communities in Asia and the larger regional trends they represent, this policy briefing seeks to unleash new insights and new solutions in tackling the enduring challenge of climate change. In particular, this briefing highlights the role that media and communication can play in the adaptation process. For when we listen to those who sit metaphorically “where the earth meets the sky”, we find that many of the obstacles to climate change adaptation are informational and attitudinal in nature and would thus benefit from media and communication interventions." (Introduction, page 2)
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"CPJ’s analysis of global rates of impunity in journalist killings over the past seven years shows that they have for the most part gotten worse. There are some encouraging signs in the data. The number of convictions of suspects behind these crimes appears to be slightly on the rise, but thi s nu
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mber remains small in comparison to the tally of new victims each year. At the heart of the problem is a persistent lack of political will to see justice through in the hundreds of cases in which journalists have been fatally shot, bombed, or beaten because of what they were reporting on. In the few instances it has been exercised, usually in response to mounting domestic and international pressure, there has been progress in the form of partial and, more rarely, complete justice for the victims. But the norm is for the suspected perpetrators— politicians, members of the military, and other figures with power and influence in their societies—to escape justice. This pattern particularly applies to those who commission assassinations of journalists." (Conclusion, page 36)
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"Die Tageszeitungen stecken in der Krise. Neben dem Rückgang der Verkaufsauflagen und den Einbrüchen bei den Werbeerlösen prägen auch der Besitzerwechsel bei Verlagen und Zeitungstiteln sowie der kräftige Abbau an journalistischem Personal den aktuellen Trend in der Zeitunsgbranche. Viele Medie
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nmacher erklären die Zeitung für tot, andere haben griffige Lösungsstrategien parat. Doch beide Seiten vernachlässigen die gründliche Trendanalyse des Medienwandels. Gewiss tragen das Internet und die sich wandelnden Lebensstile der jungen Bevölkerung zur Misere bei. Übersehen wird dabei, dass auch die Zeitungsmacher selbst dazu beitragen, die Krise zu verschärfen. Viele verweigern sich der Anstrengung, das Publikum und seine Erwartungen an die Zeitung zu verstehen und auf das veränderte Nutzungsverhalten der jungen Erwachsenen nachhaltig einzugehen. Sie sehen nicht, dass der größte Teil der Leserschaft – dies sind die berufstätigen Erwachsenen ab 35 Jahren – weiterhin eine aktuelle, gehaltvolle Tageszeitung mit hoher Informationsleistung wünschen. Diese Leserschaft erwartet, dass ihre Tageszeitung eine Orientierungshilfe in der täglichen Informationsflut bietet – und reagieren enttäuscht, weil ihre Zeitung Informationsleistungen abbaut und nach und nach zum Geschichtenerzähler zu werden scheint. Auf der Grundlage langfristig angelegter Erhebungen und empirischer Studien zeigt der Autor, wann und warum die Zeitungen ihre Leser verloren haben. So ist ihr Reichweitenverlust, der auf eine Kluft zwischen Medienrealität und Lesererwartungen zurückzuführen ist, kein Naturgesetz. Michael Hallers Befunden zufolge gibt es Wege, den Graben zwischen den jungen Onlinern und den älteren Offlinern zu schließen. Der Autor formuliert Vorschläge, wie die Zeitung ihre Stimme im cross- und multimedialen Konzert wiederfinden und so auch neue Leserschaften erschließen könnte." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"The research showed that internet intermediaries are heavily influenced by the legal and policy environments of states, but they do have leeway over many areas of policy and practice affecting online expression and privacy. The findings also highlighted the challenge where many state policies, laws
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, and regulations are – to varying degrees - poorly aligned with the duty to promote and protect intermediaries’ respect for freedom of expression. It is a resource which enables the assessment of Internet intermediaries’ decisions on freedom of expression, by ensuring that any limitations are consistent with international standards. The research also recommends specific ways that intermediaries and states can improve respect for internet users’ right to freedom of expression. This is through promoting: adequate legal frameworks and policies consistent with international norms; multi-stakeholder policy development; transparency of governance; accountability in self-regulation; mechanisms for remedy; and public information and education." (UNESCO website)
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"In Brazil, India and Kenya, a wide range of factors currently inhibit media from playing their full role in promoting awareness of child rights and in helping children realise their rights, says this report. Crucial issues identified in all three countries include lack of media coverage, inadequate
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professionalism among journalists, absence of children's voices in the public debate, and scarce coperation among the media and child rights advocates. For each country, a detailed chapter provides insights into the national media landscape, the child rights reporting practice (based on a content analysis), the "media perspective" (based on focus groups and interviews with media professionals), and the "civil society perspective" (based on focus groups and individual interviews). The report recommends creating more youth journalists by training young people to produce radio programmes; establishing incentives for journalists to specialise in child rights; improving networking among civil society organisations and media, and establishing and monitoring guidelines for reporting on child rights." (CAMECO Update 1-2015)
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