"In this article, we assert and demonstrate a particular and enduring adaptability of radio in tandem with observable temporal shifts in development communication theory and practice in Africa. Specifically, we use the historical research method to explore and explain the ideological discourses, pol
...
ity contours and social forces that have overlain the role of radio as both an index and an instrument of development in Ghana. The evidence reveals that radio has transitioned through three key milestones in how the technology has been appropriated and applied to national development efforts: from transplantation, through transmission, to transaction. Each of these phases coincides, incidentally, with paradigm shifts in development communication theorizing: from modernization through diffusion to participation. They also coincide, broadly, with three distinctive epochs of ideological shifts in the historical accounting on radio for development in Ghana: from British imperial hegemony, through post-independence command-and-control, to contemporary liberal pluralism." (Abstract)
more
"Radio umgibt, begleitet und unterhält uns seit rund 100 Jahren. Selbst im digitalen Zeitalter besteht es und verliert keineswegs an Attraktivität. Hans-Jürgen Krug vermittelt prägnant alles Wissenswerte und zeichnet die Geschichte des Radios von den Anfängen bis zur heutigen Zeit nach. Dabei g
...
eht er nicht nur auf diverse Sender- und Formatstrategien ein, sondern erzählt auch von dem Wandel, den klassische Genres wie Nachrichten, Politik, Kultur oder Unterhaltung erfahren haben. Zeitleisten und übersichtlich aufbereitete Fakten erleichtern den Einstieg und runden die Chronik des faszinierenden Mediums ab." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
more
"Este número especialmente dedicado a la radio, a sus públicos, las experiencias locales, comunitarias, tiene la característica de visibilizar la pasión de varias generaciones. La RAC también, moviliza para mostrar un objeto vivo en el campo de investigación de la comunicación en sus múltipl
...
es dimensiones. Por último, un conjunto de reseñas dan cuenta de que la radio sigue siendo un medio histórico pero a su vez vigente y alternativo que supo sobrellevar con entereza las transformaciones de leguajes, tecnologías y modos de consumo." (Presentación, página 8)
more
"L’expérience radiophonique en Guinée a connu trois grandes périodes. Lors de la première, de 1950 à 1955, la radio était au service de la métropole, afin de servir les intérêts exclusifs des planteurs européens, franco-syriens et franco-libanais. Elle donnait des informations sur le mou
...
vement des navires-bananiers et d’autres transports de produits. Cette période coïncide avec la relance économique en Europe, à la sortie de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale. Pendant la deuxième période, de 1956 à 1958, la radio a participé activement à l’éveil des consciences, à la lutte pour l’indépendance nationale, et à l’émancipation du continent. Elle a joué un rôle important dans la mise en place des structures de gestion en Afrique et singulièrement en Guinée. La loi-cadre du 23 juin 1956 a favorisé la participation des Africains à la gestion et à la prise de décisions importantes pour leur développement. Au cours de la troisième période, de 1958 à 1984, la radio a contribué à la consolidation des acquis de l’Indépendance nationale, à la lutte de libération des peuples africains encore sous le joug colonial, et à la valorisation de la culture nationale et africaine. Elle a joué un rôle de premier plan dans la propagande révolutionnaire et s’est illustrée comme porte-voix de l’Afrique combattante." (Dos de couverture)
more
"This article examines the sociohistorical role of radio broadcasting in Afghanistan and analyses the interplay between the radio choices of the audience, political change and conflict. Though never explicitly trusted as a credible information source, the popularity of national radio in Afghanistan
...
was critically weakened following the Communist revolution of 1978 and subsequent abuse of broadcasting under successive Afghan Communist regimes. Analysis highlights how the audience's thirst for unbiased information resulted in a substantial majority turning to the BBC World Service, this international service being perceived as a far more trustworthy and credible alternative. Discussion of the social history of Radio Afghanistan, the Taliban's Voice of Radio Shari'at and the BBC World Service serves to highlight the propagandist media machinery of the Communist era, the radical media policies of the Taliban regime and the value attributed to the BBC's current news reporting. In an example of the global becoming the local, the article concludes by examining how the BBC World Service has become the dominant radio broadcaster in Afghanistan and the extent to which this position is based on the quality of their outputs or their self-promotional discourses concerning impartiality." (Abstract)
more
"International radio broadcasters took on a centrally important role during the Cold War. Founded at the beginning of the 1950s, Radio Free Europe (RFE) was to become both a political instrument for influencing public opinion and one of the few alternative sources of information for many people livi
...
ng to the east of the Iron Curtain. The contributions in this publication illustrate the political, social, and cultural context within which RFE operated at the time; they explore the journalistic practices used in RFE; and they analyze the content of the broadcasts and the responses of RFE’s listeners." (Back cover)
more
"This study identifies and critically analyses the major imperial (global and regional) political and economic factors and decisions that influenced and shaped the development of pre-independence radio broadcasting in the Bechuanaland Protectorate. With little or no consideration of the needs of the
...
local population, two duelling imperialist powers – Great Britain and the Union of South Africa – negotiated, disagreed, and eventually virtually co- established a centralised, administrative radio network that reflected their own regional ambitions. Based primarily on key official British Protectorate, High Commission and Union government documents obtained from extensive archival research in the Botswana National Archives, a detailed picture emerges of two duelling imperial powers planning for their own divergent regional futures, via the establishment of administrative and political dimensions of radio policies, for a territory which both wished to control for their own purposes. Once Britain had decided against allowing South Africa's annexation of Bechuanaland, radio politics and policies fell more into line with those in other British colonial African and Asian territories, primarily managing perceived anti-colonial nationalist challenges and deterring the perceived threats posed by apartheid- and Cold War-inspired communist influences." (Abstract)
more
"Este libro propone un recorrido histórico y, al mismo tiempo, actual de la radio ecuatoriana, que va desde sus inicios en 1926, cuando hubo algunos experimentos de emisión de señales sonoras en varias provincias de Ecuador, hasta la radiodifusión por Internet. En ese itinerario, Hernán Yaguana
...
y Washington Delgado presentan una caracterización de las emisoras experimentales y comerciales, un registro del desarrollo de los contenidos radiales en distintos formatos, una visión de la radio ecuatoriana desde sus consumidores en Quito y Guayaquil, y las tendencias de la radio digital en Ecuador. También, ambos autores incluyen los nombres de personas e instituciones que han sido parte de los principales acontecimientos radiales del país." (Contratapa)
more
"Das Buch spürt all den akustischen Zeugnissen nach, die das 20. Jahrhundert prägten. Ein Großteil unserer Orientierung in der Welt gewinnen wir über das Hören. Das Ohr nimmt vor allem den emotionalen Aspekt einer Information auf. Manche Geräusche sind lebenslang im Unterbewusstsein gespeicher
...
t. Klänge können Erinnerungsorte sein und Identität stiften. Musik kann aufwühlen und erregen. In 100 Beiträgen werden Geräusche, Töne und Stimmen, der Sound des 20. Jahrhunderts, rekonstruiert und analysiert: die Klang- und Geräuschveränderungen im öffentlichen Raum, die verschiedenen Aufzeichnungsmedien und Tonträger, Jingles und Soundtracks in Radio, Film und Fernsehen, Meldungen und Reportagen sowie musikalische Schlüsselwerke der Moderne und epochale Filme. Dem Buch liegt eine DVD mit über 80 akustischen Zeugnissen des 20. und beginnenden 21. Jahrhunderts bei." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
more
"Si hay algo que caracteriza a Cristóbal Coronel, y que podría decirse es casi su esencia, es sin duda su incesante y marcada pasión por la radio. Ondas que provocan. Radio Illimani, los Estados y el nacionalismo forma parte de esa envidiable y particular obsesión por lo radiofónico que tiene a
...
trapado a este investigador. El relato provocativo que con este texto logra construir, para llevarnos por esa línea de tiempo cercano al siglo de existencia de la radiodifusión en Bolivia y en particular de la Radio Illimani, atraviesa una espesa red de acontecimientos políticos, económicos, sociales, culturales, tecnológicos y desde luego comunicacionales. Más allá del análisis histórico, Coronel deja imaginar tiempos, instantes, situaciones en los que se fue haciendo el medio sonoro estatal. El texto se constituye, no cabe duda, en una referencia obligatoria para quienes deseen conocer la trama del surgimiento de las tecnologías mediáticas y los entornos que se modifican con su llegada. Pero específicamente el contexto de la radio (estatal) en Bolivia." (Prólogo)
more
"Diese Einführung geht von der These aus, dass Radio das Vielfältigste aller Medien darstellt. Dies ist u. a. der Tatsache geschuldet, dass niemand so genau weiß, wo die äußeren Grenzen des Phänomens Radio liegen. Manches nennt sich heute Radio - z. B. Internetradio oder Radio-on-Demand -, da
...
kann man mit Recht fragen, ob dies vom Begriff eigentlich gedeckt ist? In jedem Fall aber gilt, dass das erste elektronische Medium - im Prinzip ca. neunzig Jahre alt - schon viel mitgemacht hat. Nach seinen Pionier- und Experimentaljahren wurde es zum Leitmedium der „goldenen“ Phase des Radios zwischen den 30er und 50er Jahren, es wurde später vom Fernsehen marginalisiert und erfand sich neu als Begleitmedium, wo es bis heute seine Stärke beweist. Es hat über die Jahre alle Lebensräume erobert und begleitet unsere Mobilität, es hat eine einzigartige Internationalität entwickelt und ist tief im Lokalen verankert. Es ist neben dem Fernsehen das meistgenutzte Medium in Deutschland und zeigt trotz des Siegeszugs des Internet kaum Rückgänge in der Nutzung. Mehr noch, es scheint zunehmend zum Komplementär im Internet-Zeitalter zu werden, da es wunderbar während der Arbeit am Bildschirm genutzt werden kann. Schließlich ist das Radio eine einzigartige Verbindung mit der Zivilgesellschaft eingegangen, im Unterschied zu allen anderen der klassischen Medien ist die Zugangsbarriere gering, das Selbermachen kein Problem, die Bedienung auch kleiner Zielgruppen möglich. Eine Einführung, die ihren Namen verdient, sollte eigentlich immer transdisziplinär angelegt sein. In der vorliegenden Studie sind dennoch alle nachfolgenden Kapitel monodisziplinär angelegt (Geschichte, Politik, Wirtschaft etc.) oder sie folgen zumindest einem Leitbegriff (Theorie, Nutzung, Journalismus), damit ist ein einfaches und nachvollziehbares Gliederungsprinzip intendiert. Diese Kapitel sind als Einführungen geschrieben, sie sollen einen Überblick geben, zentrale Zusammenhänge aufweisen und Beispiele geben." (Einführung, Seite 11)
more
"This thesis operates from the observation that "Decolonising the Mind", i.e. a cultural decolonisation process, was needed after the independence of African countries to support and flesh out political decolonisation. Culture, as shown, played a major role in the mobilisation of support for nationa
...
list movements, but after independence nationalist culture was just one among many. In both cases presented here, the most pressing issue after political independence was how to deal with the different identities that had previously existed and were onyl partially cushioned by political and cultural nationalism. Now that the political kingdom had been attained, the different language, cultural and political groups started to ask questions about their place in this kingdom. Although many politicians shared the idea that "once you have a national identity, the question of culture becomes something which flows automatically", it soon turned out to be misguided. Media and education were seen to be the major tools in "decolonising the mind". However, a close analysis of the electronic media in the two cases presented here shows that the policies for promoting national unity in programmes were largely ineffective. Instead, radio programmes, both before and after independence, provided a space to negotiate issues of national identity. This space was sometimes more, sometimes less restricted, but listeners used it as much as they could.
Colonial media had, for all their focus on political control and censorship, accompanied and mediated social change. As described, this happened specifically in cultural programmes, where broadcasters were much freer in their work. However, Northern Rhodesian media were supposed to work as a catalyst to further the process of modernisation, and to help its listeners come to terms with the transition from being 'traditional' to becoming 'modern' Africans. In the Apartheid broadcasting system, culture was used consciously to construct a specific 'ethnic' identity, emphasising cultural traditions of the different language groups. But while the intentions were different, both broadcasting institutions were at the centre of negotiating ideas of tradition and modernity.
Both were also established because there was a need to legitimate the respective political system. Be it the Central African Federation or a 'democratic' "South West Africa/ Namibia", the political models promoted by the authorities could not just be imposed on the people. The radios were established to give reality to these constructs, to make listeners identify with a social, political and cultural space that had been defined by colonial authorities. As shown, colonial ideologies not only surfaced in obvious propaganda programmes but also significantly determined the technical and managerial setup of the stations. While radio infrastructure was formed and reformed to structure that space – by linking three territories with different political and social power structures or, following Apartheid ideology, by assigning each language group their own space according to the homeland system – culturally as well as geographically. As shown, infrastructure mirrored the proposed political models, not just in its technical aspects (i.e., the stations' footprints, transmitting posts and frequencies), but also in management structure. As the Federal Broadcasting Services were subdivided in European and African Services, respectively catering for the whole White or Black population of all three territories, the South West African Broadcasting Corporation separated first Black and White, then subdivided the three Departments in the several language Services, each broadcasting to the designated "homeland". This infrastructure not only formed the whole process of programme production and reception but was also part of it as it imparted ideological considerations. The first order of business for independent countries was therfore to restructure the radio according to the needs of the new nations." (Conclusion, page 274-275)
more
"This article examines the changing ways in which intelligence about the BBC’s international audiences has been gathered and used since the advent of the Empire Service in 1932. It is written from the perspective of a former Head of Audience Research (1982-96) at the BBC World Service. In BBC dome
...
stic broadcasting, the appointment of Robert Silvey in 1936 led to the daily collection throughout the UK of the most comprehensive national audience data anywhere in the world. For international broadcasting such systematic detail and regularity was out of the question. The listeners were widely scattered and thinly spread. Survey research of any kind was difficult, expensive or impossible. Moreover, many parts of the world to which the BBC World Service (BBCWS) broadcast were closed to any systematic local research, either because no local facilities to do research existed or because of legal or governmental prohibitions. At the start of BBC Empire Service spontaneous feedback from listeners’ letters was the main source of information. Research was also carried out using questionnaires sent by international mail to listeners who had written to the BBC. Face to face surveys in target areas were conducted from 1944, but coverage was patchy and limited by lack of resources. During the 1970s and 1980s it was conclusively shown that letter writers are unrepresentative of the whole audience. The need to have more representative data about audiences led to a massive increase in funding for quantitative research, especially under John Tusa, the Managing Director of the World Service from 1986 to 1992. Tusa increased the amount available to spend on research more than twenty-fold. As well as quantitative research using surveys of adult populations in all parts of the world (only a tiny number of countries today remain closed to all research) qualitative work is now also regularly commissioned. The global success of the BBC World Service is a result of the fact that it developed better intelligence about audiences than all other international broadcasters." (Abstract)
more
"Este texto está dividido en seis capítulos que indagan, en el tiempo, los campos culturales de los diarios y revistas, los libros, los discos, las películas, la radio y la televisión. Es una obra colectiva que incluye investigaciones, estadísticas y cartografías generadas por el Sistema de In
...
formación Cultural de la Argentina (SInCA). Además, los escritos centrales que abordan cada industria cultural están acompañados de opiniones de 18 especialistas." (SInCA website)
more