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Challenges and choices: Afghan women's media use and preferences amidst restrictions

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 2 pp.

"While most adult Afghans have access to some form of media platform, only around one in three have access to internet, with less than half of mobile users owning a smartphone. Men exhibit higher usage of radio and internet compared to women (52% male vs 43% female for radio and 36% vs 29% for inter ... more

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Women and the media in Afghanistan: How to support female media workers in a challenging landscape

Catharine Buckell, Mahdi Zaki, Shukrana Azizi Suzanne Devai

London: BBC Media Action (2024), 50 pp.

"Women in Afghanistan continue to have less access to information than men, particularly through TV and the internet. At least 33% of women (more in rural areas) rely on family as a key source of information, while men prioritise other information sources. Yet Afghan women’s information needs have ... never been more pronounced – due to restrictions on their activities, many are confined to their homes. Women in Afghanistan with media access rely on this more than ever to keep updated on issues that concern them, and spend more time accessing and using media: "Now women are in the confines of their homes… The virtual space is the only window for us to learn about what is happening." (Female FGD participant, Herat). Two-thirds (65%) of female survey respondents say that the media is “very important” in their daily lives, compared with half (51%) of male respondents. Despite various efforts to cater to female audiences, 67% of female and male respondents feel that Afghan media only “somewhat” or “rarely” meets women’s needs. Reflecting restrictions on media content, respondents complain that domestic media contains too much religious content and not enough entertainment. However, educational content is still allowed, providing women and girls who are denied access to schooling with a vital source of education. Respondents are more satisfied with the balance of content in international media and media run by Afghans in exile, and they are more likely to watch some types of entertainment, such as movies, on international than domestic TV. However, a number of international media outlets are inaccessible from Afghanistan. Journalists inside Afghanistan are banned from working with international TV/radio channels or news sites, and some have been arrested for doing so. 87% of respondents say the presence of women in the media in Afghanistan has decreased since August 2021. Only 41% could name a female presenter or journalist. Almost all of those named by respondents worked in the media before 2021, or currently work from outside Afghanistan. Audience members support women featuring in news and educational programmes but are less supportive of them featuring in comedy and sports content. Over half (54%) of the general survey respondents say they would support a female relative to work as a journalist. A further 12% would support a female relative under certain conditions, including wearing the hijab and travelling with a mahram (women cannot leave their home without a male chaperone)." (Executive summary, page 6) more

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Women in Ukraine: How Are They Using Media Since the Full Scale Invasion?

London: BBC Media Action (2023), 12 pp.

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Media and Information Landscape in Lebanon

Internews;Maharat Foundation (2021), 59 pp.

"Through a combination of qualitative in-depth interviews with alternative media outlets, quantitative audience surveys involving over 1500 respondents, and focus-group discussions with women and youth civil society actors, this media and information landscape (MILA) evaluates the level of trust tow ... more

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Women and News: An Overview of Audience Behaviour in 11 Countries
Top Insights

Meera Selva, Simge Andi

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 43 pp.

"This report [...] presents a bespoke analysis of how women around the world consume and perceive news, based on data on audience behaviour from 11 countries featured in the 2020 Reuters Institute Digital News Report: Kenya, South Africa, South Korea, Hong Kong, Japan, Mexico, Brazil, Finland, Germa ... more

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Women and TV Culture in Pakistan: Gender, Islam and National Identity

Munira Cheema

London: Tauris (2018), xii, 228 pp.

"The television broadcasting culture of Pakistan was changed dramatically in 2002. The President, General Pervez Musharraf, introduced a policy of liberalisation that enabled controversial issues such as honour killings, adultery, stoning to death, domestic violence, marriage after divorce and homos ... more

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Media's Gender Gap: Investigating Relationships Between Women's News Production and Consumption

Alyssa Zeisler

USC Annenberg Norman Lear Center, Media Impact Project (2017), 13 pp.

"Women are underrepresented in newsrooms and are less likely to read political and international news. Preliminary data shows that news organizations with a higher share of women writing the news and in leadership positions also have a higher share of women in their audience. A number of academic st ... more

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Learning Through Entertainment: The Effects of Bollywood Movies on the Job-Seeking Behavior of South Asian Female

Azmat Rasul, Arthur A. Raney

International Communication Gazette, volume 78, issue 3 (2016), pp. 267-287

"This study examined the relationship between exposure to Bollywood movies and job-seeking behavior of South Asian females. Using survey data collected from 132 female participants, we explored the effects of exposure to Bollywood movies on job search self-efficacy, enjoyment and job-seeking behavio ... more

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Communication in Sierra Leone: An Analysis of Media and Mobile Audiences

Annabelle Wittels, Nick Maybanks

London: BBC Media Action (2016), 52 pp.

"The survey indicates that radio remains the most widely accessed broadcast platform in Sierra Leone. In all, eight out of 10 (81%) Sierra Leoneans have access to radio, and 47% listen to it daily. Radio listenership is fractured, however, with no single station able to reach a national audience. Ar ... more

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Alltag und Medien: Mediatisierung in der arabischen Welt

Ines Braune

In: Arabische Medien

Carola Richter; Asiem El Difraoui (eds.)

Konstanz; München: UVK (2015), pp. 75-86

"Beide Beispiele, das der Frauen im ländlichen Ägypten und das der jungen Menschen in Marokko zeigen, inwiefern sozialer und medialer Wandel im Alltag neue Medienpraktiken und damit neue Handlungsoptionen eröffnen, die bestehende Machtmuster wie patriarchale Dominanz und geografische Marginalisie ... more

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Media Messaging and its Impact on Afghan Women: Survey Report

Cooperation for Peace and Unity;Afghan Women Rights (2015), 48 pp.

"Television remains the most popular medium in all provinces surveyed and among the different groups of respondents. It is also the most preferred source of information, followed by Radio. A great majority of the population watches TV on a daily basis. More than half of the population spends between ... more

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Women as Radio Audiences in Africa

Tanja Bosch

In: The Routledge Companion to Media and Gender

Cynthia Carter; Linda Steiner; Lisa McLaughlin (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2015), pp. 514-522

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Gewichtungsstudie zur Relevanz der Medien für die Meinungsbildung in Deutschland

TNS Infratest;Direktorenkonferenz der Landesmedienanstalten (DLM) (2015), 55 pp.

"Das Fernsehen ist nach wie vor das reichweitenstärkste Medium zur Information und Meinungsbildung. Mit einer „informierenden“ Tagesreichweite von knapp 60% liegt es deutlich vor dem Radio (51%) und der Tageszeitung mit 35% [...] Bei der informierenden Nutzung gestern zeigen sich deutliche Zusa ... more

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Women and Media: Africa in Focus

Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG);Gallup (2014), 35 slides

"Education and language skills are the main factors that influence which platform women access most frequently. Daily TV use is similar for men and women but women tend to lag men in frequent radio and internet use. Once a country reaches a critical mass in mobile penetration, gaps between both male ... more

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Soap Operas as a Matchmaker: A Cultivation Analysis of the Effects of South Korean TV Dramas on Vietnamese Women's Marital Intentions

Hong Tien Vu, Tien-Tsung Lee

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 90, issue 2 (2013), pp. 308-330

"This cultivation study examined the effects of South Korean soap operas on Vietnamese female audiences. It also assessed cultivation effects in combination with the theory of reasoned action. Based on a survey of 439 female viewers, it explicated the link between South Korean soap opera consumption ... more

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Women and the Media in Asia: The Precarious Self

Youna Kim (ed.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), xiii, 258 pp.

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Gender Assessment of ICT Access and Usage in Africa

Alison Gillwald, Anne Milek, Christoph Stork

Cape Town: Research ICT Africa;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2010), 39 pp.

"What is clear from the Research ICT Africa (RIA) Household and Individual Access and Usage Survey is that the diffusion of ICT is highly uneven concentrating in urban areas and leaving some rural areas almost untouched. Access to these technologies is constrained by income as is usage, and as they ... more

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The Impact of the BBC World Service Trust's Programme Afghan Woman's Hour: Results from a National Survey in Afghanistan

Andy Bhanot, Emily LeRoux-Rutledge

Safia Haleem (ed.)

Kabul: BBC World Service Trust (2009), 68 pp.

"1. Overall awareness of Afghan Woman’s Hour (AWH) in Afghanistan was found to be high; 50% of all those who had listened to the radio in the previous month were aware of AWH. Awareness was higher in the South Western region at 64% compared with the lowest level of awareness at 23% in the Hazarjat ... more

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African Women and ICTs: Investigating Technology, Gender and Empowerment
Inspiring Practice

Ineke Buskens, Anne Webb (eds.)

London; Ottawa: Zed Books;International Development Research Centre (IDRC) (2009), ix, 222 pp.

"Women in Africa are undeniably participating in the information and communication technology (ICT) revolution and they are doing so in many and varied ways; the changes that the use of these tools have brought about are visible everywhere. Furthermore, the prospects of ICTs for development and wome ... more

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Meios e audiências: A emergência dos estudos de recepção no Brasil

Nilda Jacks (ed.)

Porto Alegre: Sulina (2008), 304 pp.

Women and News: An Overview of Audience Behaviour in 11 Countries Top Insights

African Women and ICTs: Investigating Technology, Gender and Empowerment Inspiring Practice

Women and News: An Overview of Audience Behaviour in 11 Countries
Top Insights

African Women and ICTs: Investigating Technology, Gender and Empowerment
Inspiring Practice