Filter
28
Featured
Free Access
22
Key Guidance
2
Top Insights
1
Topics
Internet Shutdowns
9
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
7
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
5
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Encryption, Cryptology
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
1
Crisis Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
ICT / Internet Projects (Development Aid)
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Cybercrimes
1
Darknet
1
Google
1
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Political Blogging
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Weibo (Microblogging Website, China)
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
Uyghurs, Uighurs
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
1
News
1
Kiswahili
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Software
1
Software Security
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
‘Keeping news alive in Venezuela’: Using social media as tactical media
Global Media and Communication, volume 19, issue 1 (2023), pp. 101-117
"Venezuela leads Latin America with the largest number of imprisoned journalists and extreme government-led media censorship. Our in-depth interviews with 25 Venezuelan journalists reveal that assisting journalists to combat government control are social media and technology platforms like WhatsApp,
...
The Life and Death of SNET, Havana’s Alternative Internet
Rest of World, October 8 (2023)
"[...] in 2011, a group of more than 100 Havana residents decided to unify their hyperlocal networks into a larger structure. The Havana “street network” (or SNET) would soon become one of the largest such community networks in the world. At its peak, user estimates hovered around 100,000 IP add
...
Digital Dissidence and Social Media Censorship in Africa
London; New York: Routledge (2023), 292 pp.
"Drawing on cases from across the continent, contributors explore the form and nature of social media and government censorship, often via antisocial media laws, or less overt tactics such as state cybersurveillance, spyware attacks on social media activists, or the artful deployment of the rhetoric
...
Digital Citizenship in Africa: Technologies of Agency and Repression
London et al.: Zed Books (2023), xxi, 234 pp.
"With contributions from scholars across the continent, Digital Citizenship in Africa illustrates how citizens have been using VPNs, encryption, and privacy-protecting browsers to resist limits on their rights to privacy and political speech. This book dramatically expands our understanding of the v
...
Government Internet Shutdowns Are Changing: How Should Citizens and Democracies Respond?
Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (2022), 45 pp.
"The most promising strategies to help citizens circumvent internet shutdowns do not involve deploying satellite internet devices or floating balloons. Instead, simpler solutions, such as encouraging citizens to download anticensorship apps or software ahead of time, are much more useful. But they d
...
A Taxonomy of Internet Shutdowns: The Technologies Behind Network Interference
Key Guidance
Access Now (2022), 45 pp.
"In this paper, we outline each of the various technical mechanisms for implementing a shutdown, and the options for mitigating each type. Our hope is that technologists and civil society groups working to end shutdowns will find this a useful technical resource to understand, prepare for, circumven
...
A Survival Toolkit for Journalists: How to Protect Yourself Against Digital Surveillance
Internews;Advancing Rights in Southern Africa (ARISA) (2022), 24 pp.
"Surveillance of journalists has become a very topical and controversial issue that now requires attention at a number of levels – the level of the state, CSOs, and journalism organisations themselves. The systematic and arbitrary harvesting of journalists’ information, tracking and targeting of
...
Guía para seguir comunicándonos ante bloqueos de internet
Digital Defenders Partnership (2022), 62 pp.
Private Gatekeepers: Encrypted Messaging Apps and News Audiences
Top Insights
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2022), 20 pp.
"This report examines the widespread use of encrypted messaging apps (EMAs) in developing countries and emerging democracies has prompted news outlets in these regions to experiment with them as mechanisms for distributing the news. From news products designed specifically for sharing via EMAs to pr
...
The Great Firewall of China: How to Build and Control an Alternative Version of the Internet
London: Zed Books (2021), xv, 423 pp.
"China's 'Great Firewall' has evolved into the most sophisticated system of online censorship in the world. As the Chinese internet grows and online businesses thrive, speech is controlled, dissent quashed, and attempts to organise outside the official Communist Party are quickly stamped out. Update
...
"The OPTIMA workflow is a compilation of new and existing resources, guides, methodologies, and more to assist individuals and activists before, during and after an Internet shutdown. The following repository is organized into four categories:
ADVOCACY RESOURCES. Designing effective advocacy campaig
...
Myanmar’s Military Struggles to Control the Virtual Battlefield
Brussels: International Crisis Group (2021), 37 pp.
"Since the 1 February coup d’état in Myanmar, the online space has become a parallel battlefield on which the country’s military and its opponents try to rally supporters, share information and control the narrative around events unfolding in the country. This virtual struggle has been vitally
...
Study on Internet Shutdowns in Africa, 2021
African Internet Rights Alliance (AIRA) (2021), 34 pp.
"Between 2016 and 2021, 68 shutdowns have been documented in 29 African countries. This demonstrates that government-mandated internet disruptions are an established norm in the region, despite very little scientific or social evidence demonstrating their effectiveness. A number of pointers and fact
...
Spyware: An Unregulated and Escalating Threat to Independent Media
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2021), 20 pp.
"Spyware is increasingly used by governments around the world to silence independent media. The use of spyware poses safety risks to journalists and their sources, encourages self-censorship, and creates new financial and operational strains for news outlets. Media advocates, news outlets, and polic
...
Digital Authoritarianism and Nonviolent Action: Challenging the Digital Counterrevolution
Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2021), 23 pp.
"This report examines how use of newer and emergent technologies affects nonviolent action campaigns. It identifies two significant related challenges and presents evidence of these dynamics at work in two digital autocracies, China and Russia." (About the report)
Internet amurallado: Acceso restringido en Venezuela
Caracas: Espacio Público (2020), 21 pp.
Darknet: Waffen, Drogen, Whistleblower. Wie die digitale Unterwelt funktioniert
München: Beck, Sonderaufl. für die Landeszentralen für politische Bildung (2017), 237 pp.
Evade la censura en internet: Cómo acceder a sitios web bloqueados o invisibles
Key Guidance
Caracas: Espacio Público (2017), 1 p.
"En redes públicas, de trabajo o proveedores en algunos países bloquean determinados sitios web con propósitos asociados a la censura de ideas o información. Los bloqueos procuran restringir el acceso. Los sitios web siguen activos y mantienen la información que pretenden censurar." (Introducci
...
Understanding the Use of Circumvention Tools to Bypass Online Censorship
New Media & Society, volume 18, issue 5 (2016), pp. 837-856
"Circumvention tools designed to bypass online censorship such as simple web proxies, virtual private network service, and so on are frequently used in countries whose governments impose heavy Internet censorship. Around 18 million Internet users in China are currently using those tools to bypass th
...
Journalist Security in the Digital World: A Survey. Are We Using the Right Tools?
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2016), 13 pp.
"This survey was designed to measure how journalists around the world take advantage of technology to enhance their security. The results suggest that there is a general lack of awareness about the power that digital tools have to improve a journalist’s protection. There are scores of organization
...
