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Media Ownership
16
Media Concentration
14
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
11
Democracy / Democratization and Media
9
Political Economy of Media
8
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
8
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
7
Politics and Media
7
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
6
Media Law & Regulation
6
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
4
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Advertising Markets & Industries
3
Government Advertising, State Advertising
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Election Campaigns
3
Editorial Independence
3
Media / Communication Control
3
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
3
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
3
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
3
Journalism
3
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
3
Media & Communication Policies
3
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
2
Media Markets
2
Television Markets
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Female Journalists & Media Workers
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Election Reporting
2
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
2
Television Landscapes
2
Clientelism
2
Public Media, State Media
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Advertising Agencies
1
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
1
Agriculture
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Media Use, Media Consumption
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Censorship
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
1
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
1
Instagram
1
VK (Russian Social Network)
1
WhatsApp
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Romani People
1
Radio Markets
1
Big Enterprises
1
Neoliberalism
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Environmental Activism
1
History of Media & Communication
1
Indigenous Communication
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
USA: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Local Journalism
1
Photojournalism
1
Political Reporting
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Local Communication & Media
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance Donors: Corporate Donors
1
Media Assistance Donors: Foundations & Private Donors
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Radio Policies
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Voice of America
1
Diasporas
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Populism
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Service Broadcasting
1
Public & State Television
1
Taliban
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Television
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"In the period after the fall of communism, peculiar new obstacles to media independence have arisen. They include the telltale structure of media ownership, with news reporting being concentrated in the hands of politically engaged business tycoons, the fuzzy and contradictory legislation of the me ... more
"In South Sudan, media capture, media market and audience segmentation are driven by: the ongoing civil conflict (since 2013), ethnic and linguistic divisions, a lack of rule of law, the legacy of clientelistic networks in the media and the government, a stark urban-rural divide, and a lack of infra ... more

Captured News Media: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2016), 16 pp.
"Political and business elites in the countries that are the subject of this report have acquired control over a large number of public and private media, mostly through non-transparent privatization, advertising and/or budgetary support to loyal media. Consequently, media freedoms and freedom of ex ... more
"This qualitative study of influences on a purposive sample of Afghan journalists was carried out in the year after the US military mission was declared over. After more than a hundred million dollars of Western government funding had been invested in development of liberal democratic journalism, th ... more
"Ce livre traite de l'évolution de la presse africaine francophone dans un contexte de mutations sociopolitiques récurrentes. S'appuyant sur le cas particulier du Congo-Brazzaville, l'analyse démontre clairement comment les mutations sociopolitiques induisent des logiques sociales de la communica ... more
"Unabhängige Medien befinden sich weltweit seit über einem Jahrzehnt in einer tiefen ökonomischen Krise. In Russland kommt massiver politischer Druck hinzu. In den vergangenen zehn Jahren wurden zahlreiche kritische Journalisten und Redakteure entlassen, Fernseh- und Radiosender geschlossen, Zeit ... more

Media Ownership and Finances in Turkey: Increasing Concentration and Clientelism

Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 22 pp.
"The structural problems in the media ownership in Turkey have been embedded in the political system since mid-1980s. With the AKP government’s tenure, the “media pool” of uncritical government support was formed and the major media outlets were pacified by means of financial threats, self-cen ... more
"The government has developed various mechanisms for creating financial dependence on the part of the media, at both the national and the regional level. Owing to these financial relations, the media outlets become servile to the government, thereby seriously undermining own professional integrity a ... more

Media Ownership and Financing in Montenegro: Weak Regulation Enforcement and Persistence of Media Control

Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 22 pp.
"Non-transparent ownership of media, particularly those financed by foreign capital, continues to burden Montenegrin media scene. Foreign media owners, as a rule, continue to support pro-government editorial policies. Their overall operations raise doubts of existence of clientelistic relations with ... more

Media Ownership and Finances in Kosovo: Legal Vacuum and Lack of Transparency

Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 23 pp.
"Media ownership and media financing, although both crucially influence the ability of the media in Kosovo to play democratic role and demonstrate integrity of their journalism and business operations, have not been properly addressed through the media legislation in Kosovo. Lack of transparency mad ... more

State-Media Financial Relations in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Increasingly Dependent and Disciplined Media

Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 20 pp.
"Particular political and business interests seem to overpower any notion of public interest in the financial relations between government and the media. The public interest that these financial patterns should in theory serve remains under-articulated and unmonitored with a lack of clear criteria, ... more
"This article examines the Palestinians perceptions towards the role of Palestine TV and Al-Aqsa TV in providing a platform for open discussion and create an arena for different groups to communicate freely with each other. Focus groups with a range of participants, from university students and huma ... more
"Die Medienlandschaften der südkaukasischen Staaten sind so unterschiedlich wie die Länder. In Georgien gibt es eine lebendige Medienszene, in Armenien ist der Markt von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Kartellen geprägt. In Aserbaidschan unterdrückt das autoritäre Regime die unabhängigen Medi ... more
"Brasilien hat mehr als einen Berlusconi: Zehn Familien kontrollieren die Medienlandschaft. Politische und wirtschaftliche Interessen sind eng miteinander verzahnt. Alle Versuche, das zu ändern, sind bislang gescheitert." (Einleitung)

Serbian Media Scene Vs. European Standards: Report Based on Council of Europe's Indicators for Media in a Democracy

Belgrade: Association of Independent Electronic Media (ANEM);Independent Journalists' Association of Serbia (NUNS);Association of Local Independent Media - Local Press;Independent Journalists' Association of Vojvodina (NDNV);Civil Rights Defenders (2012), 88 pp.
"The report analyzes 27 aspects of the media system of Serbia, basing on principles established by the Council of Europe as desirable standards in media legislation and practice. Each of 27 parts of the study describes the legal regulation of the subject matter and then provides available facts abou ... more

Medios de comunicación y agronegocio

In: Actores del agronegocio en Paraguay
Luis Rojas Villagra
Asunción: BASE Investigaciones Sociales;Diakonia (2009), pp. 87-93
"Conocer los vínculos empresariales que unen al agronegocio con los medios de comunicación es fundamental para comprender la lógica de penetración y consolidación del modelo agroexportador en Paraguay. Éstos, por un lado, pueden deberse a intereses comunes propios del sector empresarial, que i ... more
"[...] It is clear that the importance of the media in sustenance and development of democracy is well recognised by stakeholders in Africa. This is evidenced by the existence of liberal media laws and regulation in democratic African countries. This then forces the conclusion that there is delibera ... more
"Le président brésilien Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva n’a jamais eu de relations faciles avec la presse de son pays. Cette dernière a en effet appuyé, en grande majorité, le coup d’État qui a mené à la dictature militaire (1964-1985), et mis, depuis le rétablissement de la démocratie, tou ... more
"Significant efforts to develop an independent journalism have stumbled badly in Central Asia, where politics, economics and the unforeseen consequence of widespread self-censorship have derailed development of a Western-style media and the democracy it serves. What is worse, from Kazakhstan to Uzbe ... more