"On October 17, 2019, following the announcement of a tax to be placed on calls made via the mobile communication application WhatsApp, thousands of Lebanese citizens took to the streets to protest against this arbitrary decision. The protest quickly morphed into a country-wide uprising in which cit
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izens from all walks of life participated. Digital technologies were heavily used by both protesters and counter-revolutionary forces. This descriptive commentary piece will seek to shed light on how the former used digital technologies in ingenious ways to further the cause of the uprising while the latter used them to break the uprising’s momentum, with the hope that such a piece can pave the way for further research on the intersection of social movements, technology, and counter-revolutionary tactics." (Abstract)
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"To advance interdisciplinary understanding, Shifting Dynamics of Contention in the Digital Age outlines a communication-centered framework that articulates the intricate relationship between technology, communication, and contention. It systematically explores the influence of mobile technology on
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political contention in China, the country with the world's largest number of mobile and internet users. Using first-hand in-depth interview and fieldwork data, Shifting Dynamics of Contention in the Digital Age tracks the strategic choice of mobile phones as repertoires of contention, illustrates the effective mobilization of mobile communication on the basis of its strong and reciprocal social ties, and identifies the communicative practice of forwarding officially alleged "rumors" as a form of everyday resistance. Through this groundbreaking study, Shifting Dynamics of Contention in the Digital Age presents a nuanced portrayal of an emerging dynamics of contention--both its strengths and limitations- through the embedding of mobile communication into Chinese society and politics." (Publisher description)
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"Investigating the root causes of the Syrian uprising of 2011, New Media and Revolution shows how acts of online resistance prepared the ground for better-organised street mobilisation. The book interprets the uprising not as the start of Syria’s social mobilisation but as a shift from online to o
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ffline contestation, and from localised and hidden practices of digital dissent to tangible mass street protests. Brownlee goes beyond the common dichotomy that frames new media as either a deus ex machina or a means of expression to demonstrate that, in Syria, media was a nontraditional institution that enabled resistance to digitally manifest and gestate below, within, and parallel to formal institutions of power. To refute the idea that the population of Syria was largely apathetic and apolitical prior to the uprising, Brownlee explains that social media and technology created camouflaged geographies and spaces where individuals could protest without being detected." (Publisher description)
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"En Algérie, le poids des réseaux sociaux dans le renouvellement de l’engagement citoyen dans la vie politique et l’impact des mobilisations citoyennes sur le paysage politique sont étroitement liés à l’absence d’un environnement favorable à toute autre forme d’association et d’exp
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ression politique autonome en raison de la mise sous contrôle par l’État ou de la neutralisation de propositions qui viendraient remettre en question les équilibres de pouvoir qui ont dirigé le pays depuis des décennies. En ce sens, les réseaux sociaux ont permis l’émergence de nouveaux espaces de discussion et de coordination débouchant sur l’action collective et investis par de jeunes acteurs actifs et résolus à changer la donne. Les NTIC et les réseaux sociaux ont constitué ainsi une bouffée d’oxygène pour une société limitée dans son action et dans son expression en favorisant une participation citoyenne." (Conclusions)
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"As the revolutions across the Arab world that came to a head in 2011 devolved into civil war and military coup, representation and history acquired a renewed and contested urgency. The capacities of the internet have enabled sharing and archiving in an unprecedented fashion. Yet, at the same time,
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these facilities institute a globally dispersed reinforcement and recalibration of power, turning memory and knowledge into commodified and copyrighted goods. In The Arab Archive: Mediated Memories and Digital Flows, activists, artists, filmmakers, producers, and scholars examine which images of struggle have been created, bought, sold, repurposed, denounced, and expunged. As a whole, these cultural productions constitute an archive whose formats are as diverse as digital repositories looked after by activists, found footage art documentaries, Facebook archive pages, art exhibits, doctoral research projects, and ‘controversial’ or ‘violent’ protest videos that are abruptly removed from YouTube at the click of a mouse by sub-contracted employees thousands of kilometers from where they were uploaded. The Arab Archive investigates the local, regional, and international forces that determine what materials, and therefore which pasts, we can access and remember, and, conversely, which pasts get erased and forgotten." (Back cover)
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"The article seeks to discuss varied forms of citizen engagement in the era of Internet viral cultures, ranging from (1) the use of social media for online protest, characterised by political contestation and fleeting outbursts of anger and backlash in the Twittersphere, to (2) the appropriation of
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protest messages into humorous viral memes (often oversimplified, ignoring the complexities of the situation and more focused on humour rather than underlying core problems). Four select hashtags during the 2017 Kenyan elections are analysed as frames for collective action within the context of playful participation and “spreadable” media." (Abstract)
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"In this report, we’ve analysed samples of Twitter data relating to the online manifestation of contemporary political protests in Thailand. We’ve sought to explore key ways in which the online manifestation of the protests differs from its offline counterpart. That includes how power dynamics o
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perate differently in online spaces, where institutional actors such as the government wield power through censorship measures, repressive laws and coordinated information operations and where protesters can use the weight of numbers to push back and fight for their democratic rights. We’ve also explored how the international range of actors engaging in the protests online shapes the evolution of both solidarity and conspiracy theories." (Abstract)
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"The growth of the Internet in the last two decades has helped increase political and civic en-gagement and scrutiny. The growth of a digital economy in Kenya has led to the emergence of a vibrant online community with 89.7 % of the population having access to the Internet. This paper examines how K
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enyans on Twitter (KOT) use visuals as a form of political protest. Using an open source data tool, the paper provides results from a qualitative analysis of 200 tweets that drove three political hashtags with a special focus on the most prominent memes, cartoons and pictures. This research finds that #KOT uses visuals to highlight government corruption and incompetence through mockery, condemnation and humour." (Abstract)
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"This paper explores the spillover of protests across countries using data on nonviolent and spontaneous demonstrations for 200 countries from 2000 to 2020. Using an autoregressive spatial model, the analysis finds strong evidence of “contagious protests,” with a catalyzing role of social media.
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In particular, social media penetration in the source and destination of protests leads to protest spillovers between countries. There is evidence of parallel learning between streets of nations alongside the already documented learning between governments." (Abstract)
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"This study explores the challenges of archiving the Egyptian revolution from 2011, and basically any archive consisting of digital media, specifically in contexts of ongoing political contestation. The text proposes a media-archaeological approach in both theory and practice: The media artist Kaya
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Behkalam speaks about his project The Augmented Archive, a digital topographic archive for Cairo’s urban space, whereas media philosopher Knut Ebeling traces the wider historical and media theoretical context to archival and memory practices of resistance. Behkalam and Ebeling have repeatedly worked together in the past on essays and projects around archival practice and media archaeology." (Abstract)
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"This Digital Citizenship Toolkit (DCT) is an attempt to introduce key concepts related to digital citizenship while taking into account the local socio-economic realities, technology adoption patterns, societal actions and other considerations. For young people, in particular, the demarcation betwe
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en online and offline is completely blurred. Therefore, in this book we do not separate the online from offline. Instead we consider it as part of a continuum, encouraging respectful and responsible behaviour in all spaces and environments. The Toolkit is presented as seven inter-linked modules. Each module starts with a brief overview, and clarification of key terms. It is followed by an exploration of the key topics coming under the module’s theme. One or more case studies are offered to illustrate some of the concepts, and wherever possible we have compiled examples and experiences from Sri Lanka." (About this digital citizenship toolkit)
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"This paper argues for the reexamination of hashtag activism from the theoretical frameworks of liveness and appropriation. Scholarly discussions of online activism have, for the most part, focused on if and how technology revolutionizes social and political movements. Going in a different direction
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, I contend that scholars should examine how specific mechanisms for participation, such as the hashtag, enable and/or constrain online activism. Using the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag as an illustrative example, this paper argues that hashtags are limited by the digital and social construction of liveness, and are too easily appropriated. The implications of these limitations and considerations for future hashtag use are discussed." (Abstract)
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"In Brasilien hat sich innerhalb kurzer Zeit die Medienlandschaft grundlegend verändert. Die neuen Medien sind zentral geworden und haben u.a. die Präsidentschaftswahl entschieden. NGOs und Soziale Bewegungen experimentieren mit neuen digitalen Strategien, als auch mit klassischen Instrumenten, um
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Gegenöffentlichkeit herzustellen. Erkannt ist, dass meist nur der eigne Zirkel erreicht wird. Als Herausforderung und Aufgabe beschrieben die Referierenden, zukünftig über den eigenen Sympathisantenkreis zu wirken, um andere Bevölkerungsgruppen zu erreichen." (Seite 3)
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"This study analyses the content of the messages on the Facebook Page 'Support for Farmers' from the premise of Habermas's 'Public Sphere'. The results show that the discussions in support of the farmers' protest on Facebook galvanized the public interest on the problematic issues faced by farmers a
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nd rally support for their cause." (Abstract)
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"The Routledge Companion to Media and Activism is a wide-ranging collection of 42 original and authoritative essays by leading contributors from a variety of academic disciplines. Introducing and exploring central debates about the diverse relationships between both media and protest, and communicat
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ion and social change, the book offers readers a reliable and informed guide to understanding how media and activism influence one another. The expert contributors examine the tactics and strategies of protest movements, and how activists organize themselves and each other; they investigate the dilemmas of media coverage and the creation of alternative media spaces and platforms; and they emphasize the importance of creativity and art in social change. Bringing together case studies and contributors from six continents, the collection is organized around themes that address past, present and future developments from around the world." (Publisher description)
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"Theorising Media and Conflict is the result of a joint and interdisciplinary effort to set the theoretical and empirical agenda in theorising upon the complex relationship between media and conflict. By considering the theorisation work accomplished by the ‘Anthropology of Media’ series forerun
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ner Theorising Media and Practice (edited by Bräuchler and Postill), it takes the notion of media (as) practice to new terrain. It thus counters studies that display Western biases, normative assumptions and unsubstantiated claims about ‘media effects’ in conflict situations. Through ground-up theorising, careful contextualisation, comparative perspectives, ethnographic and other qualitative methods, it provides evidence for the co-constitutiveness of media and conflict, and contributes to the consolidation of media and conflict as a distinct area of scholarship. While the contributions to this book deal with different kinds of media and conflict situations in distinct world regions and examine various aspects of media use, they all engage with media and conflict dynamics from a participant’s perspective as well as from an analytical perspective. Such an approach allows for the theorisation of media and conflict beyond a particular type of media, conflict or region." (Preface, page ix-x)
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"This book explores in detail new protest organisation and mobilisation strategies of young activists in the digital age with the aim to identify the tactics that worked well against those creating high risks in the context of digitally supported protests. Focusing on Egyptian protests as well as pe
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aceful protests in Syria, the book offers rich and unique data as it brings together the experiences and voices of the key figures involved in the protests, both on the ground and online. It challenges perspectives that defined the Arab uprisings as leaderless movements formed through the non-hierarchical communication of digital technologies. The author presents three kinds of leaders that shape the political communication environment in digitally supported protests and highlights the significance of their leadership skills to the movements' capacities." (Publisher description)
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