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Journalism Ethics
50
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
47
Editorial Independence
46
Labour Market for Journalists
45
Journalists
24
Journalism
22
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
19
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
16
Democracy / Democratization and Media
12
Journalism Education & Training
10
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
9
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
9
War Reporting
8
Non-Western Communication Approaches
8
Female Journalists & Media Workers
7
Foreign Correspondents
7
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
6
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
6
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
5
Media Law & Regulation
5
Political Transition and Media
5
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
4
Development Journalism & Media Representation of Development Issues
4
Foreign News, International News
4
Politics and Media
4
Public Media, State Media
4
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
3
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
3
History of Media & Communication
3
History of War Reporting
3
Journalistic Quality
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Local Journalism
3
Watchdog Role of the Media
3
Public Service Broadcasting
3
Al-Jazeera
3
Audiences & Users
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Election Campaigns
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Iraq War (2003)
2
Cultural Values
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
2
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
2
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Election Reporting
2
Political Reporting
2
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
2
Media System Analyses & Typologies
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Political Communication
2
Research Methods
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
1
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Catholic Communicators & Journalists
1
Blockbusters
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Freedom of Expression
1
Censorship
1
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
1
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Public Relations
1
Terrorism
1
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Violence in the Media: Glorification
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Culture (General)
1
Western Approaches
1
Social Change & Media / Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Social Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Television Markets
1
Media Ownership
1
Ethics in Nonprofit & Community Journalism
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
History of Journalism
1
History of the Press
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Globalisation of Media
1
Image Abroad
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Satellite Television
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
United Nations (UN)
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Qualifications, Degrees, Diplomas
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalism Studies & Research
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Exiled Journalists
1
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
1
News Reception
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Xinhua (News Agency, China)
1
Newsroom Management
1
Print Journalism
1
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Service Journalism, Consumer Information, Lifestyle Journalism
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Press Landscapes
1
BBC
1
Deutsche Welle
1
Voice of America
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Preferences
1
Agenda Setting
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Spheres
1
El Espectador (Newspaper, Colombia)
1
Radio Ndeke Luka (Central African Republic)
1
Radio Okapi (Democratic Republic of Congo)
1
Radio Télévision Ivoirienne
1
Islam and Communication
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
China Global Television Network, CGTN (formerly China Central Television, CCTV)
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Journalists in Botswana

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"The top six roles, all with means above 4.5 and standard deviations below 1, for Botswana journalists, were a mix of those aligned with a liberal press (e.g., report things as they are) and those relevant to development journalism (e.g., support national development). “Report things as they are ... more

Journalists in Estonia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"Four “classic” roles: to report things as they are, to be a detached observer, to educate the audience and provide news that attracts the largest audience are fairly unanimously seen as the most important among Estonian journalists, as the relatively low standard deviations suggest. Especially ... more
"The differences between the most and least important roles according to Czech journalists are very big. While almost 100 percent of journalists viewed their role to “report things as they are” as very or even the most important, only 1.4 percent of interviewed journalists perceived “support o ... more

Journalists in Ecuador

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regard to professional role orientations, Ecuadorian journalists found it most important to provide analysis of current affairs, to report things as they are, to let people express their views, to educate the audience, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, and to support national develo ... more

Journalists in Qatar

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, journalists in Qatar found it most important to influence public opinion, to advocate for social change, to support national development, to report things as they naturally are, to be a detached observer and to support government policy. About half of ... more

Journalists in Sierra Leone

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"In their professional role orientations, Sierra Leonean journalists found it most important to educate the audience, let people express their views, report things as they are, support national development and advocate for social change. The respondents believe it is not their job to convey a positi ... more

Journalists in China

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 5 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Chinese journalists found it most important to report things as they are, to provide analysis of current affairs, to support national development, to provide advice, orientation and direction for daily life, and to be a detached observer. The relevanc ... more

Journalists in Ethiopia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Ethiopian journalists found it most important to support national development, promote tolerance and cultural diversity, provide analysis of current affairs, and educate the audience. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interv ... more

Journalists in Serbia

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Journalists in Serbia seriously believe in their role to inform, interpret, educate and advocate for social change. Nearly all of them, with very little divergence, say the main role of journalism is to report things as they are, followed by providing analysis, promoting tolerance and diversity, ed ... more
"Romanian journalists said that objectivity is the most important attribute of their work. They strongly believe that their job is to report events exactly the way they happened, without any external or internal intervention. The low standard deviations in these cases indicate that there is a high l ... more

Journalists in Sudan

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 4 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Sudanese journalists found it most important to support national development, to be a detached observer, to advocate for social change, and to influence public opinion. The relevance of these roles was fairly undisputed among the interviewed journalis ... more

Journalists in Singapore

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Respondents believed that their primary role was to monitor and scrutinize political leaders, followed closely by reporting facts as they are. Yet only half found either of these to be ‘extremely’ or ‘very important’. They were also keen that everyday people should be allowed to express the ... more

Journalists in Hong Kong

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Hong Kong journalists treated as most important the roles of monitoring and scrutinizing political leaders, reporting things as they are, monitoring and scrutinizing businesses, providing analysis of current affairs, and letting people express their views. Given the emphasis on monitoring the power ... more

Journalists in Argentina

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"With regards to professional role orientations, Argentinian journalists found it most important to report things as they were, to promote tolerance and cultural diversity, to provide analysis of current affairs, and to let people express their views (see Table 1). A majority of journalists in Argen ... more
"Journalists in Malaysia view educating the audience, reports things as they are, promote tolerance, tell stories about the world, and cultural diversity and be a detached observer as their main roles (see Table 1). On the other hand, they did not indicate highly as their roles such as setting of po ... more

Journalists in Bangladesh

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 7 pp.
"While answering questions about their professional roles, journalists in Bangladesh preferred being assertive with social issues. An overwhelming majority of the Bangladeshi journalists work to promote tolerance and cultural diversity (87.0%). They also put importance on advocacy for social change ... more
"Der junge Deutsch-Araber Jaafar Abdul Karim ist ein Star im arabischen Programm der Deutschen Welle. Simone Schlindwein, Afrika-Korrespondentin der taz, sprach mit ihm über Journalismus in Zeiten der Radikalisierung im In- und Ausland." (Seite 30)

Journalismes d'Afrique

Louvain-la-Neuve: De Boeck (2016), 386 pp.
"Cet ouvrage explore les systèmes médiatiques d’Afrique subsaharienne francophone et propose des clés pour aborder leurs spécificités via nombre d’éléments historiques, politiques, sociologiques, juridiques, économiques et technologiques, indispensables pour les replacer dans leur contex ... more

Journalists in India

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"The top five roles, in order of importance both by mean scores and by percent who said “extremely” and “very” important, for Indian journalists, were: report things as they are (88.4%), educate the audience (85.5%), provide analysis of current affairs (84.7%), let people express their views ... more

Journalists in Albania

Worlds of Journalism Study (2016), 6 pp.
"Albanian journalists believe their most important professional role is reporting things as they are, being detached observers and providing the kind of news that attracts the largest audience. These functions contrast with the dominant perceived role of journalists in the early 1990s as missionarie ... more