"When we think about the "pictures in our heads" that media create and perpetuate, what images are we truly referencing? Issues of media stereotypes and representation (both past and present) are crucial to advancing media literacy. 'Media Stereotypes: From Ageism to Xenophobia' becomes one-stop sho
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pping for synthesizing what we know within the composite of stereotyping research in the United States." (Publisher description)
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"This Issue Paper examines nearly 1,500 news articles from four EU member states (Germany, Italy, Spain and the Czech Republic) published between May 2019 and July 2020. It shows that disinformation narratives about migration seek to exploit readers’ fears to polarise public opinion, manufacture d
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iscontent, sow divisions and set the political agenda. Disinformation actors link migration to existing insecurities, depicting it as a threat to three partly-overlapping areas: Health (migrants as violent criminals, potential terrorists, or a COVID-19 infection risk); Wealth (migrants as social benefits cheats, unfair competition for jobs, or a drain on community resources); Identity (migrants as a hostile invasion force, a threat to European or Christian traditions, or the subject of a conspiracy to replace white Europeans). An effective communication strategy based on alternative narratives should take account of the following recommendations: The message should aim to reframe the debate. It should resonate with the target audience’s lived experience, acknowledging their values and concerns, but avoid amplifying anxieties [...] The medium should aim to restore trust among groups. Institutions, which are often subject to discrediting campaigns, should prioritise communication through trusted intermediaries who can get messages to the hard-to-reach [...] The selection of the audience should aim to reclaim readers from the fringes. Audiences should be targeted based on their values and what they feel is important." (Executive summary)
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"This glossary serves as a guide for journalists, researchers, trainers and other stakeholders who conduct trainings or write about women’s labour migration, and who write about violence against women in the context of migration. It has been compiled as part of the EU-UN Spotlight Initiative to El
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iminate Violence Against Women and Girls. Language used in different communication materials and trainings puts forward specific positions and impressions, including at times perpetuating stereotypes. Thus, it is crucial to be clear about terms and definitions related to women migrant workers and violence against women, establishing a common ground from which to have conversations and work towards a world in which rights are respected for all and one in which women’s voice, choice and agency is recognised. This glossary presents rights-based terminology, which is based on international law and internationally agreed guidance wherever possible." (Introduction)
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"Triangulating several methods including automated framing analysis and assessment of textual elements, this study examines how the elite press from three countries frames the Rohingya refugee crisis in 2017. Results from our framing and textual analysis show differences in how the press from the th
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ree countries portrayed the crisis. Specifically, The Irrawaddy (Myanmar) tends to incorporate a nationalist narrative into news content, playing down the violence used against Rohingyas. The New Nation (Bangladesh) frames the crisis according to the country's priorities, focusing its coverage on the humanitarian aspects of the crisis. The New York Times uses a Western hegemonic discourse. Textual analysis indicates that although the same words are used in the frames of the Rohingya crisis, some represent different meanings. Findings are discussed using the lens of ideological and cultural influence." (Abstract)
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"Die vorliegende Masterarbeit versuchte in einem Experiment herauszufinden, wie das journalistische Storytelling in dokumentarischen Filmformaten eingesetzt wird. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass alle drei analysierten Filme sich einer alternativen Erzählkategorie zuordnen lassen und jeweils spe
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zifische filmische Mittel einsetzen, um dem Zuschauer das Gezeigte noch eindrücklicher zu schildern. Darüber hinaus stellen alle drei Beispiele ein Gegennarrativ zur aktuellen Medienberichterstattung über Migration und Flucht dar. Sie zeigen die Situationen von ausgewählten Geflüchteten und machen darauf aufmerksam, wie gefährlich und risikobehaftet eine Flucht ist. Sie berichten abseits des gegenwärtigen Narrativs und vermitteln dem Zuschauer dabei auf innovative Weise einen neuen Zugang und Einblick in diesen Themenbereich.
In einem nächsten Forschungsschritt wäre es angebracht, aus medienkulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zu schauen, ob sich ein solcher narrativer Wandel in den berichtenden Medien im Print- und Rundfunkjournalismus etabliert und ob sie die Flüchtenden auch in den Fokus ihrer Berichterstattung setzen. Generell eignet sich das Thema Migration und Flucht sehr gut für eine Diskursanalyse. Hier könnte der Wandel des Narrativs vor, während und nach der Zäsur 2015 erforscht werden." (Fazit und Ausblick, Seite 64)
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"Migration has been dominating media and political discourses in Europe in recent years. Previous studies have mainly mapped migration discourses in traditional media or conventional channels of party communication, often in a single country. Migrationrelated party communication on social network si
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tes has been largely neglected. This study analyses migration discourses in the Facebook accounts of political actors (n = 1702) across six European countries (Spain, UK, Germany, Austria, Sweden and Poland). On the basis of automated content analyses, we present new insights into the visibility of migration as a topic and sentiment about migration, revealing country- and party-specific patterns. Migration is a more prominent topic in countries with positive net migration (‘receiving countries’) than in countries where net migration is neutral or negative. Although we did not find support for the assumption that right-leaning parties talk more, and more negatively, about migration, our results do suggest a distinct pattern that applies to parties of both the extreme left and the extreme right. Political actors from parties of the extreme left and the extreme right of the political spectrum address migration more frequently and more negatively than more moderate political players." (Abstract)
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"This book presents the main findings of an empirical exploration of media discourses on social representations of "otherness" in seven European countries. It focuses on the analysis of press discourses produced over a fifteen-year period (2000-2015) on three contemporary figures of otherness that c
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hallenge the identity of European societies, question the attitudes towards diversity, and pose significant challenges for policy-makers: immigration, Islam, and LGBT. The book provides a comprehensive and articulate map of how national media addresses such themes from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, revealing patterns of continuity and discontinuity across time and space. Lastly, it discusses these patterns in the light of their cultural meanings and their influence on social and political collective behaviours." (Publisher description)
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"Heranwachsende wünschen sich Medien, die verständlich berichten, Hintergründe und Lösungsmöglichkeiten aufzeigen. Wie das Konzept des konstruktiven Journalismus dabei hilft und wie es in der Journalismusausbildung eingesetzt werden kann, zeigt dieses Buch." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
"Bewegte Bilder und medial vermittelte Töne prägen unsere modernen Alltagskulturen in nahezu unvorstellbarer Weise. War es früher die Angelegenheit von wenigen Fachleuten, solche Angebote zu produzieren und zu distribuieren, kann sie seit der digitalen Revolution praktisch jede/r selbst erstellen
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und in Umlauf bringen. Für die Nachfolgewissenschaften der Volkskunde eröffnet sich mit diesen 'Audiovisionen des Alltags' ein attraktiver Quellenfundus, der zu historischen und gegenwartsbezogenen Forschungen einlädt.
Dieser Band versammelt die Beiträge einer Tagung der dgv-Kommission für Film und audiovisuelle Anthropologie, auf der Fragen zum Quellenwert und der medialen Weiternutzung entsprechender Zeugnisse eingehend diskutiert wurden." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Exploring the ways in which language and conflict are intertwined and interrelated, this book examines the changes that have taken place in the public discourse of the Ukraine and Russia since 2014 and the beginning of the 'Ukrainian Crisis.' Through analysis of the narratives constructed by differ
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ent social groups in Ukraine, Language of Conflict shows how discourse can illuminate the competing worldviews and the conflicting positions of the various stakeholders in this conflict. Through critical discourse analysis and multimodality, this book explores the prevalent narratives and the linguistic features of the salient discourses surrounding this conflict. Using Russian- and Ukrainian-language texts from traditional and social media, contributors from Ukraine, Russia and beyond investigate discourses surrounding the most important topics of the crisis: its causes and goals, the sides, and the values and ideologies of the opposing parties. Highlighting the ways in which the stress produced by social discord, economic hardship and violence, is reflected in verbal aggression, slurs, insults and profane language of extraordinary linguistic creativity, Language of Conflict provides insight into the ways people think about, respond to and experience the reality of conflict in their everyday communication." (Publisher description)
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"This book focuses on the reporting of human rights in broadly defined times of conflict. It brings together scholarly and professional perspectives on the role of the media in constructing human rights and peacebuilding options in conflict and post-conflict environments, drawing on case studies fro
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m Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, and South Asia. It also provides critical reflections on the challenges faced by journalists and explores the implications of constructing human rights and peacebuilding options in their day-to-day professional activities." (Publisher description)
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"The online e-Media Toolkit provides first-hand assistance to media professionals with learning resources, training courses, and opportunities to share and interact in three sections: 1. Learning: allows users to take courses in which journalists or editors of leading media outlets share their real-
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life newsroom dilemmas of reporting on migration; 2. Training: provides material for media trainers to design their own courses; 3. Sharing ethical journalism principles: allows users to interact with other users through forum discussions on fundamental rights and users can also propose new courses or download the news examples for further discussion among peers." (EJN homepage)
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"This book examines the dynamic interplay between media representations of migrants and refugees on the one hand and the governmental and societal (re)actions to these on the other. Largely focusing on Belgium and Sweden, this collection of interdisciplinary research essays attempts to unravel the d
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eterminants of people’s preferences regarding migration policy, expectations towards newcomers, and economic, humanitarian and cultural concerns about immigration’s effect on the majority population’s life. Whilst migrants and refugees remain voiceless and highly underrepresented in the legacy media, this volume allows their voices to be heard." (Publisher description)
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"The chapters in this collection offer original interrogations of the representation of humanitarian crisis and catastrophe, and the refraction of humanitarian intervention and action, from the mid-twentieth century to the present, across a diverse range of media forms: traditional and contemporary
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screen media (film, television and online video) as well as newspapers, memoirs, music festivals and social media platforms (such as Facebook, YouTube and Flickr). Addressing humanitarian media culture as it evolved over a period of more than seventy years, the chapters offer a critical assessment of the historical precedents of our contemporary humanitarian communications. The contributors to the book are all specialists in the fields of media and communications, film studies, cultural studies, history or sociology: these different disciplinary perspectives inform their approaches to and understanding of the relationship between humanitarianism and media culture. Our authors reveal and explore the signific nt synergies between the humanitarian enterprise, the endeavour to alleviate the suffering of particular groups, and media representations, and their modes of addressing and appealing to specific publics." (Introduction, page 2)
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"Disinformation existed in the past, but the growing ubiquity of social media grants political actors increasing capacity to spread dangerous rhetoric and imagery in their pursuit of power. Incendiary content has the potential to catalyze mob violence, riots, and vigilantes taking the law into their
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own hands. Disinformation and fostered distrust in legitimate news sources can lead to threats and violence against journalists, further undermining the institutions that could provide accurate information. In the cases we discuss here—the U.S.-Mexico border, India and Sri Lanka, and three Latin American 2018 elections—disinformation inflamed existing cleavages and caused violence. While these illustrative cases are spread across the world, and the violence in each place is related to distinct histories, close analysis highlights five common challenges for addressing disinformation in areas vulnerable to violence. These common challenges include: • The growing ubiquity of social media, usually combined with low trust in traditional forms of media, creating a situation in which disinformation can spread quickly. • Low or declining trust in government institutions, causing a rise in vigilantism—which social media encourages and fuels. • Low levels of media literacy, and sometimes also low levels of general literacy, among perpetrators who do not have consistent access to formal school systems. • No transparency in social media company policies, making it difficult to evaluate and improve upon content moderation policies that could quell or spur violence. • Finally, government actors that could legislate change have an interest using disinformation to their own ends." (Page 2)
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