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Freedom of expression and threats to journalists’ safety: An analysis of conflict reporting in journalism education in Pakistan
Journalism Education, volume 6, issue 2 (2017), pp. 7-16
"This article has addressed the level of journalists’ safety in Pakistan, revealing the diverse threats to journalists’ safety and their right to freedom of expression in the country. Freedom of expression is an individual right, for which no one should be attacked or killed. However, in this st
...
Trauma counseling for journalists: A profession in denial
Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 17-20
"Research suggests between 80 and 90% of journalists have been exposed to a work-related traumatic events such as murder, mass casualties, war and natural disasters. Most journalists exhibit resilience despite repeated exposure to such traumatic events. However, a significant minority are at risk fo
...
A Country without Mercy: Afghan Journalists Caught in Crossfires
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 81-86
"In the last Afghan solar year (22 March 2015 – 21 March 2016), twelve journalists and media workers were killed, exceeding any previous year in recent history. In June 2016, the US photographer David Gilkey and his interpreter, journalist Zabihullah Tamanna, were killed in a Taliban attack in Maj
...
Australian News Photographers, Safety and Trauma
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 231-234
"This chapter illuminates new understanding about the dangers experienced by Australian news photographers on international and domestic assignments. Using oral history methodology, the interviews with 60 present and former Australian newspaper photographers revealed a litany of psychologically and
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A Story Bigger than Your Life? The safety challenges of journalists reporting on democratization conflicts
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 289-302
"This chapter investigates safety challenges journalists face when reporting on democratization conflicts and their impact on journalistic work. It builds on a comparative case study within the EU-funded project “Media, Conflict and Democratisation” (MeCoDEM), which explores journalistic work pr
...
Journalism after jail: Coping with the trauma of imprisonment
Media Asia, volume 44 (2017), pp. 21-24
"Journalists continue to face imprisonment for practicing their profession in ways that antagonize regimes, militaries, oligarchs, and other powerful interests. What do journalists do after their release from prison? Do they resume their professional work in their home country or in exile? How do th
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Unwarranted Interference, Fear and Self-censorship among Journalists in Council of Europe Member States
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 221-226
"Journalists may be exposed to a number of risk factors for unwarranted interference. This is often compounded by a culture of impunity. The extent of unwarranted interference, the experience of fear associated with such interference, and the consequent possibility of self-censorship among journalis
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A Study on Indian Journalists and their Stressful Working Conditions
International Journal of Research in Informative Science Application & Techniques, volume 1, issue 1 (2017), pp. 35-39
"Journalism is considered as fourth pillar of any democratic society and it is only a Journalist who can take many challenges to bring truth in front of society. But sometimes journalist has to face difficult and stressful conditions while working in field where they have serious threat for their li
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Risk and Resilience among Journalists Covering Potentially Traumatic Events
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 235-240
"Journalists covering crises are at high risk of experiencing potentially traumatic events. This chapter presents a study with 375 journalists who covered the 2011 terror attack in Norway. The purpose was to investigate whether social support (SS) was related to psychological distress (posttraumatic
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The Psychological Wellbeing of Iranian Journalists
In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 185-190
"Objectives: To determine the emotional wellbeing of journalists who work in Iran. Methods: A website was established and journalists in newsrooms in Iran and the Diaspora were given information to access the site. Responses were received from 114 journalists (76 per per cent cent). The mean age was
...
Citizen Media Research and Verification: An Analytical Framework for Human Rights Practitioners
Cambridge: University of Cambridge (2016), 35 pp.
"This paper examines the role of open source research in human rights fact-finding and seeks to address a gap in the current literature, which lacks a human rights perspective, is dominated by journalistic approaches, or focuses on specific tools. It focuses on citizen media, the visual subset of op
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The psychological wellbeing of Iranian journalists: A descriptive study
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Open, volume 7, issue 12 (2016), pp. 1-5
"Iran ranks 173 out of 180 countries on an index of press freedom. The purpose of the study was to assess the psychological wellbeing of Iranian journalists and document the stressors encountered in their work. Design: A secure website was established and participants were given their unique identif
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Job demands, coping, and impacts of occupational stress among journalists: A systematic review
European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, volume 25, issue 5 (2016), pp. 751-772
"This paper systematically reviews empirical research published from 2002 to July 2015 investigating journalists’ occupational stressors, coping strategies, and the impacts of these variables on the health and well-being of such professionals, whether on their daily work or as special envoys to cr
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Professionalism under threat of violence: Journalism, reflexivity, and the potential for collective professional autonomy in northern Mexico
Journalism Studies, volume 17, issue 6 (2016), pp. 684-702
"Mexico is one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists, as more than 100 journalists have been murdered between 2000 and 2014, with almost half of those killed in the country's northern states. Through an analysis of in-depth interviews with journalists in northern Mexico, this qua
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Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition: Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age
Deep Insights
Göteborg: Nordicom (2016), 199 pp.
The psychological effects of reporting extreme violence: A study of Kenyan journalists
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Open, volume 6, issue 9 (2015), pp. 1-6
"Objective: To assess the psychological health of journalists in Kenya who have reported on, and been exposed to, extreme violence. Design: Descriptive. Psychological responses were elicited to two stressors, the ethnic violence surrounding the disputed 2007 general election and the Al-Shabab attack
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Guía de seguridad para periodistas visuales
Key Guides
Article 19; World Press Photo (2015), 108 pp.
"Esta guía pretende proveer los elementos necesarios para establecer un protocolo de seguridad en una diversidad de contextos; así como recomendaciones prácticas para hacer frente a diversas situaciones. La guía está enfocada en todos los periodistas visuales, en particular aquellos que trabaja
...
Journalists at risk: Looking beyond just physical safety
Future of Journalism Conference (2015), 12 pp.
"Hardly a day goes by when we are not reminded of the hazards of modern journalism. The already unacceptably high levels of intimidation, kidnapping and killing have escalated still further with the civil conflict in Iraq and Syria and the series of brutal beheadings carried out by ISIS. But while m
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Civil War in Syria: The psychological effects on journalists
Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research, volume 7, issue 1 (2015), pp. 57-64
"Purpose: More journalists died in Syria during 2013 than in any other country experiencing conflict. This statistic raises concerns about the psychological wellbeing of journalists covering the internecine violence. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample
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Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline
Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.
"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by
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