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Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
61
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
20
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
18
Journalism Education & Training
15
War Reporting
14
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
13
Female Journalists & Media Workers
12
Foreign Correspondents
10
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
10
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
9
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
9
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
8
Self-Censorship
6
Crime & Violence Reporting
6
Journalism Ethics
6
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Photojournalism
4
Genocides
3
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
3
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
3
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
3
Documenting Human Rights Violations
3
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
3
Emergency Medical Aid
3
Investigative Journalism
3
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
3
User-Generated Contents
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
2
Censorship
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Crisis Communication
2
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Iraq War (2003)
2
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
2
Countering Defamation & Harassment
2
Journalism
2
Journalistic Quality
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
2
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
2
Conflict & War Photography
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Resilience
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Editorial Independence
1
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
1
Boko Haram
1
Wars
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Violence in the Media
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Media Criticism
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Disasters, Disaster Relief, Disaster Prevention
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Prisoners & Communication / Media
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Humanitarian Aid
1
International Humanitarian Crisis Reporting, Foreign Disaster Reporting
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
1
Counselling
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Mental Health (General)
1
Suicide Reporting & Media Representation
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Information Sources of Journalists
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalistic Skills
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Stringers & Fixers (Journalism)
1
Local Journalism
1
Newsroom Management
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Television Journalism
1
Witnesses, Witness Testimonies
1
Metaphors
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
Media Assistance: Local Journalism & Media
1
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
1
Military
1
Populism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Democracy / Democratization and Media
1
Public Spheres
1
Emotions in Communication & Media
1
Memory, Memorizing
1
Taliban
1
Islamist Communications & Media
1
Research Methods
1
Crimes, Criminality, Organized Crime
1
Rohingya
1
Open Source Software
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

The Psychological Wellbeing of Iranian Journalists

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 185-190
"Objectives: To determine the emotional wellbeing of journalists who work in Iran. Methods: A website was established and journalists in newsrooms in Iran and the Diaspora were given information to access the site. Responses were received from 114 journalists (76 per per cent cent). The mean age was ... more
"The safety of journalists is not only about physical wellbeing. Safety extends to protection against impending psychological injury resulting from exposure to violence, conflict, disaster and tragedy. Both psychological safety and physical safety are inextricably linked. Research shows that people ... more
"Journalism is considered as fourth pillar of any democratic society and it is only a Journalist who can take many challenges to bring truth in front of society. But sometimes journalist has to face difficult and stressful conditions while working in field where they have serious threat for their li ... more
"The Boko Haram terrorism and violent extremism that ravaged North East Nigeria and Republics of Chad, Niger and Cameroons from 2009-2015 exposed weaknesses in the safety policy and protocols for local journalists in times and zones of tension in Nigeria. Boko Haram terrorists killed 30,000 people a ... more
"Journalists continue to face imprisonment for practicing their profession in ways that antagonize regimes, militaries, oligarchs, and other powerful interests. What do journalists do after their release from prison? Do they resume their professional work in their home country or in exile? How do th ... more

Unwarranted Interference, Fear and Self-censorship among Journalists in Council of Europe Member States

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 221-226
"Journalists may be exposed to a number of risk factors for unwarranted interference. This is often compounded by a culture of impunity. The extent of unwarranted interference, the experience of fear associated with such interference, and the consequent possibility of self-censorship among journalis ... more

Freedom under Pressure: Threats to journalists’ safety in Pakistan

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 323-328
"This study aims to explore the level of journalists’ safety and investigates different types of threats that affect their work (actions) within the context (environment) of Pakistan. Drawing on the new institutionalism theory, this study posits that Pakistani journalists work in an unsafe institu ... more
"Much has been written about disasters and large-scale tragedies, but this research concentrates on individual loss and the relationship between journalist and vulnerable interviewee. While much discussion in this area is negative, focusing on the ethics of intrusion and journalists who act insensit ... more
"To support joint efforts to protect journalism, there is a growing need for research-based knowledge. Acknowledging this need, the aim of this publication is to highlight and fuel journalist safety as a field of research, to encourage worldwide participation, as well as to inspire further dialogues ... more
"This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on Korean journalists and the contributing variables. Predicting variables included the exposure to traumatic events, coping strategy, social support, optimism, negative beliefs, and the journalists’ occupational perspectives. ... more
"Research suggests between 80 and 90% of journalists have been exposed to a work-related traumatic events such as murder, mass casualties, war and natural disasters. Most journalists exhibit resilience despite repeated exposure to such traumatic events. However, a significant minority are at risk fo ... more

A Story Bigger than Your Life? The safety challenges of journalists reporting on democratization conflicts

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 289-302
"This chapter investigates safety challenges journalists face when reporting on democratization conflicts and their impact on journalistic work. It builds on a comparative case study within the EU-funded project “Media, Conflict and Democratisation” (MeCoDEM), which explores journalistic work pr ... more

Risk and Resilience among Journalists Covering Potentially Traumatic Events

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression
Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 235-240
"Journalists covering crises are at high risk of experiencing potentially traumatic events. This chapter presents a study with 375 journalists who covered the 2011 terror attack in Norway. The purpose was to investigate whether social support (SS) was related to psychological distress (posttraumatic ... more
"Iran ranks 173 out of 180 countries on an index of press freedom. The purpose of the study was to assess the psychological wellbeing of Iranian journalists and document the stressors encountered in their work. Design: A secure website was established and participants were given their unique identif ... more
"This paper systematically reviews empirical research published from 2002 to July 2015 investigating journalists’ occupational stressors, coping strategies, and the impacts of these variables on the health and well-being of such professionals, whether on their daily work or as special envoys to cr ... more
"This paper examines the role of open source research in human rights fact-finding and seeks to address a gap in the current literature, which lacks a human rights perspective, is dominated by journalistic approaches, or focuses on specific tools. It focuses on citizen media, the visual subset of op ... more
"Mexico is one of the most dangerous places in the world for journalists, as more than 100 journalists have been murdered between 2000 and 2014, with almost half of those killed in the country's northern states. Through an analysis of in-depth interviews with journalists in northern Mexico, this qua ... more
"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... more