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Media effects: Ensaios sobre teorias da comunicação e do jornalismo. Vol. 4: Reflexividade, hermenêutica e Fake News

Gilson Pôrto Jr., Nelson Russo de Moraes, Daniela Barbosa de Oliveira, Vilso Junior Santi, Leila Adriana Baptaglin (eds.)

Porto Alegre; Boa Vista: Editora Fi;Editora da Universidade Federal de Roraima (UFRR) (2018), 224 pp.

"Neste volume trabalhamos com Reflexividade, hermenêutica e Fake News adentrando em questões específicas do contexto social, político e cultural vivenciadas na contemporaneidade. Com um olhar atento para as teorias da comunicação, este volume adentra as peculiaridades das distintas regiões br ... more

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Competencias mediáticas en medios digitales emergentes

Ignacio Aguaded, Luis M. Romero Rodríguez (eds.)

Salamanca: Comunicación Social (2018), 229 pp.

"Competencias mediáticas en medios digitales emergentes aborda los asuntos más importantes que atraviesan los campos de estudios de la Comunicación o la Educación y en específico de las competencias mediáticas y digitales de la ciudadanía como capacidad de los individuos de desenvolverse en e ... more

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Fakenews e jornalismo de paz: "A verdade vos tornará livres". Mensagem do Papa Francisco para o 52° Dia Mundial das Comunicações sociais

Brasilia: Conferência Nacional dos Bispos do Brasil (CNBB) (2018), 28 pp.

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State, media and civil society in the information warfare over Ukraine: Citizen curators of digital disinformation

Yevgeniy Golovchenko, Mareike Hartmann, Rebecca Adler-Nissen

International Affairs, volume 94, issue 5 (2018), pp. 975-994

"This article explores the dynamics of digital (dis)information in the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. International Relations scholars have presented the online debate in terms of ‘information warfare’—that is, a number of strategic campaigns to win over local and global public opinion, ... more

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Politics of Fake News: How WhatsApp Became a Potent Propaganda Tool in India

Gowhar Farooq

Media Watch, volume 9, issue 1 (2018), pp. 106-117

"While the Internet and multimedia applications have made it easy to produce and spread media, they have also made it possible to distribute fake news to masses. With over 200 million active users in India and growing, WhatsApp's reach and features make it a top choice to spread fake news. This not ... more

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A New Wave of Censorship: Distributed Attacks on Expression and Press Freedom

Daniel Arnaudo

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2018)

"In both authoritarian and democratic contexts, new forms of censorship online are carried out through distributed attacks on freedom of expression that are insidiously difficult to detect, and often just as effective, if not more, than the kinds of brute force techniques by state agents that came b ... more

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How Africa Tweets 2018

London et al.: Portland (2018), 22 pp.

"Our study is the first to identify and analyse who is shaping African Twitter conversations during elections over the past year. The study found that 53 per cent of the leading voices on Twitter around ten elections on the continent during the past year came from outside the country in which the el ... more

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Measuring the Reach of 'Fake News' and Online Disinformation in Europe

Richard Fletcher, Alessio Cornia, Lucas Graves, Rasmus Kleis Nielsen

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 10 pp.

"The purpose of this RISJ factsheet is to provide toplevel usage statistics for the most popular sites that independent fact-checkers and other observers have identified as publishers of false news and online disinformation in two European countries: France and Italy. We focus specifically on sites ... that independent fact-checkers have shown to publish demonstrably false news and information, whether for profit or for ideological/political purposes. This constitutes a more clearly defined subset of a wider range of issues sometimes discussed using the broad, vague, and politicized term “fake news”. We examine France and Italy as two particularly important cases, as both are widely seen as facing serious issues with forprofit and ideologically/politically motivated online disinformation. Based on a starting sample of around 300 websites in each country that independent fact-checkers have identified as publishers of false news (which, on this basis, we refer to as “false news sites”), we focus on measuring these sites’ reach, attention, and number of interactions on Facebook. We provide context by comparing these figures with equivalent data for a small selection of the most widely-used French and Italian news brands. We find that: • None of the false news websites we considered had an average monthly reach of over 3.5% in 2017, with most reaching less than 1% of the online population in both France and Italy. By comparison, the most popular news websites in France (Le Figaro) and Italy (La Repubblica) had an average monthly reach of 22.3% and 50.9%, respectively; • The total time spent with false news websites each month is lower than the time spent with news websites. The most popular false news websites in France were viewed for around 10 million minutes per month, and for 7.5 million minutes in Italy. People spent an average of 178 million minutes per month with Le Monde, and 443 million minutes with La Repubblica—more than the combined time spent with all 20 false news sites in each sample; • Despite clear differences in terms of website access, the level of Facebook interaction (defined as the total number of comments, shares, and reactions) generated by a small number of false news outlets matched or exceeded that produced by the most popular news brands. In France, one false news outlet generated an average of over 11 million interactions per month—five times greater than more established news brands. However, in most cases, in both France and Italy, false news outlets do not generate as many interactions as established news brands." (Pages 1-2) more

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Disinformation Resilience in Central and Eastern Europe

Kyiv: Foreign Policy Council “Ukrainian Prism” (Prismua);Eurasian States in Transition Research Center (EAST Center) (2018), 335 pp.

"This research is aimed at assessing national vulnerabilities and preparedness to counteract foreign-led disinformation in 14 countries of Eastern and Central Europe. The Visegrad states (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia), Eastern Partnership countries (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia ... more

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National Survey: Perceptions of the Population of the Republic of Moldova on Mass Media

Magenta Consulting

Internews;USAID (2018), 218 pp.

"55% of the interviewees have mixed feelings about how well informed they are regarding the general events from the Republic of Moldova. 43% of the respondents stated that they don’t feel informed at all or feel informed to a small extent regarding the events from the country. At the same time, 40 ... more

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Glaubwürdigkeit in Politik, Medien und Gesellschaft: 10 Bausteine für die schulische und außerschulische politische Bildung

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2018), 112 pp.

"Auf Glaubwürdigkeit und Vertrauen, auch auf die Allgemeingültigkeit grundlegender und verbindlicher Wertvorstellungen, gründet sich allerdings das Zusammenleben in der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Wo verbreitet Misstrauen herrscht, ist ein konstruktives Miteinander kaum noch möglich. Wenn Misstra ... more

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Die informierte Gesellschaft und ihre Feinde: Warum die Digitalisierung unsere Demokratie gefährdet

Stephan Ruß-Mohl

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2018), 367 pp.

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A Field Guide to “Fake News” and Other Information Disorders
Key Guidance

Liliana Bounegru, Jonathan Gray, Tommaso Venturini, Michele Mauri (comps.)

Amsterdam: Public Data Lab (2018), 212 pp.

"The guide explores the notion that fake news is not just another type of content that circulates online, but that it is precisely the character of this online circulation and reception that makes something into fake news. In this sense fake news may be considered not just in terms of the form or co ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp, Jessica White (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2017), 1060 pp.

"Governments around the world have dramatically increased their efforts to manipulate information on social media over the past year. The Chinese and Russian regimes pioneered the use of surreptitious methods to distort online discussions and suppress dissent more than a decade ago, but the practice ... more

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The Reality of Fake News in Kenya

London et al.: Portland;GeoPoll (2017), 18 pp.

"Alarmingly, the research reveals that fake news is a pervasive problem surrounding the Kenyan elections with 90% of respondents having seen false or inaccurate information and 87% viewing this information as being deliberately false. Why does this matter? An informed citizenry is vital to Kenya’s ... more

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Mecanismos de la posverdad

Jacqueline Fowks

Lima: Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE) (2017), 152 pp.

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The Fake News Machine: How Propagandists Abuse the Internet and Manipulate the Public

Lion Gu, Vladimir Kropotov, Fyodor Yarochkin

Trend Micro (2017), 80 pp.

"The term “fake news” became increasingly common during the past year. While this concept has many synonyms—disinformation campaigns, cyber propaganda, cognitive hacking, and information warfare—it’s just one facet of the bigger problem: the manipulation of public opinion to affect the rea ... more

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Fakepolítica: Democracia y digitalización

Nueva Sociedad, issue 269 (2017), pp. 40-147

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The Perception by the Population of False and Distorted Information in the Media, Republic of Moldova

Doru Petruti, Viorelia Bejenari, Alexandru Crivitchi

IMAS Invest;Association of Independent Press (API);Independent Journalism Center (IJC);Association of Independent TV Journalists (ATVJI) (2017), 57 pp.

"The share of interviewed persons who said that mass media in the Republic of Moldova behaves to a great extent responsibly to its audience remains at a very low level—8% (7% in September 2016, 8% in January 2016). However, as we can see in the chart below, there are also some good signs, despite ... more

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Troops, Trolls and Troublemakers: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation

Samantha Bradshaw, Philip N. Howard

Oxford: Computational Propaganda Research Project (2017), 36 pp.

"Cyber troops are government, military or political party teams committed to manipulating public opinion over social media. In this working paper, we report on specific organizations created, often with public money, to help define and manage what is in the best interest of the public. We compare su ... more

A Field Guide to “Fake News” and Other Information Disorders Key Guidance

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy Top Insights

A Field Guide to “Fake News” and Other Information Disorders
Key Guidance

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights