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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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How Close Should We Get? Media and Conflict
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 101 pp.
"Those working in media face plenty of challenges when it comes to handling issues around conflict more sensitively. In some countries, these difficulties could include forced or unsolicited loyalty, a lack of information, or physical and psychological threats. In others, challenges could arise from
...
Media Influence Matrix: Jordan. Technology, Public Sphere and Journalism
Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2021), 28 pp.
"As for internet use, the percentage of the population with access to internet rose to 89% in 2019 from 48% in 2015. Access to a mobile phone and internet in Jordan has become a matter of choice rather than affordability or accessibility. The Syrian refugee crisis explains the overshooting in mobile
...
Information Disorder and Mainstream Media in Sri Lanka: A Case Study
Verité Research (VR) (2021), 34 pp.
"This study attempts to contribute to literature that analyzes the role of Sri Lanka’s mainstream media as a producer and distributor of information disorder. For this purpose, a case study approach is used to evaluate reporting on Dr. Segu Siyabdeen Mohamed Shafi. The study focuses on the Sri Lan
...
Understudied Digital Platforms in the Philippines
Internews (2021), 92 pp.
"Internews’ work on disinformation in the Philippines aims at uniting the strengths of stakeholders in the media community, civil society, academia, private sector, and social media companies, along six axes: factchecking and myth busting, media and information literacy, public policy advocacy, di
...
Motivations for Sharing Misinformation: A Comparative Study in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
International Journal of Communication, volume 15 (2021), pp. 1200-1219
"In most African countries, “fake news,” politically motivated disinformation, and misinformation in the media were common occurrences before these became a preoccupation in the Global North. However, with a fast-growing population of mobile users, and the popularization of apps such as WhatsApp
...
Bloggen gegen Rassismus: Holen wir uns das Netz zurück!
Key Guides
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2021), 203 pp.
"Fake News, Hate Speech und Rassismus im Netz: Soziale Medien bieten Menschen und Organisationen auch dafür eine Plattform. Wie kann man gegensteuern und selbst aktiv für Demokratie, Meinungsvielfalt und die Entgiftung des gesellschaftlichen Klimas eintreten? Said Rezek, Politikwissenschaftler und
...
How Information Disorder Affirms Authoritarianism and Destabilizes Democracy: Evidence, Trends, and Actionable Mitigation Strategies from Asia and the Pacific
Washington, DC: USAID; Integra Government Services International LLC; Asia Emerging Opportunities (AEO) Activity (2021), 130 pp.
"Section 2 of this report provides an overview of information disorder in Asia and the Pacific and describes how it destabilizes democracy and strengthens authoritarianism. After situating information disorder in Asia and the Pacific in its historical context, Section 2 examines which actors 1) spre
...
Fake News is Bad News: Hoaxes, Half-Truths and the Nature of Today's Journalism
Intech Open (2021), 260 pp.
"The publication is focused on the ways fake news, disinformation, misinformation and hateful statements are spread across society, predominantly within the online environment. Its main ambition is to offer an interdisciplinary body of scholarly knowledge on fake news, disinformation and propaganda
...
Post-Mortem: Russian and Chinese Covid-19 Information Operations
Washington, DC: Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) (2021), 72 pp.
"Russia recycled previous narratives and exacerbated tensions in Western society while attempting some propaganda about Russian scientific prowess. Russia’s approach evolved little; it recycled previous narratives, spreading a broad range of COVID-19 disinformation. Evidence supports the theory th
...
A Systematic Literature Review on Disinformation: Toward a Unified Taxonomical Framework
New Media & Society, volume 23, issue 5 (2021), pp. 1301-1326
"There is no commonly agreed typology framework, specific categorization criteria, and explicit definitions as a basis to assist the further investigation of the area. Our work is focused on filling this need. Our contribution is twofold. First, we collect the various implicit and explicit disinform
...
Understanding the Context Around Content: Looking Behind Misinformation Narratives
Global Insights, issue December (2021), pp. 16-22
"Misinformation is not solely an online problem; offline dynamics and activities also contribute to misinformation’s spread and resonance.
- Political conflict, social upheaval, economic stress, and other sociological or psychological are among the offline dynamics that contribute to misinformatio
...
Humanitarian Communication in a Post-Truth World
Journal of Humanitarian Affairs, volume 1, issue 1 (2021), pp. 49-55
"When people look online for information about humanitarian crises, they increasingly encounter media content that blurs the line between reality and fiction. This includes everything from rumour and exaggeration to partisan journalism and completely invented stories designed to look like real news
...
Port-Au-Prince Information Ecosystem Assessment
Internews; Panos Caribbean (2020), 70 pp.
"Key finding 1: A trusted thirdperson is the most important information provider. When asked for their main source of information, family, friends, and religious leaders accounted for 89% of the response choices combined. Additionally, 97% stated they trust their family and friends. Key finding 2: S
...
Trends in the Business of Misinformation in Six Eastern European Countries: An Overview
Deep Insights
Budapest: Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2020), 11 pp.
"All six reports find that misinformation is prevalent, yet the channels used for distribution of such content are somewhat different. The misinformation landscape in Serbia, for example, is dominated by mainstream media outlets. Small misinformation websites simply cannot compete with “misinforma
...
Combatting and Defeating Chinese Propaganda and Disinformation: A Case Study of Taiwan’s 2020 Elections
Cambridge, MA: Harvard Kennedy School, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs (2020), 63 pp.
"In its 2020 presidential and legislative elections, Taiwan combatted and defeated Chinese propaganda and disinformation through a whole-of-society approach, one in which the government became better at debunking fake news and raising awareness of these attacks; civil society became more alert and c
...
Cross-Platform Disinformation Campaigns: Lessons Learned and Next Steps
Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, volume 1, issue 1 (2020), 11 pp.
"This paper examines online discourse about the White Helmets, a volunteer rescue group that operates in rebel (anti-regime) areas of Syria. The White Helmet’s humanitarian activities, their efforts to document the targeting of civilians through video evidence, and their non-sectarian nature (that
...
Behind Closed Curtains: Disinformation on Messenger Services
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Foundation (2020), 30 pp.
"Several studies analysed in this paper show that messenger services facilitate and exacerbate the spread of disinformation. Any solution must make allowances for the complexity with which information spreads. The case studies show that a lack of trust in government is a key factor in the proliferat
...
Hate Speech, Propaganda and Disinformation in Albanian Media
Tirana; Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM); Peace Institute; Albanian Media Institute (2020), 27 pp.
"[...] the purpose of this paper is to highlight the main models and elements that media in Albania manifest regarding hate speech, propaganda and disinformation. The research focuses mainly on online media, as they are identified as the main carriers of disinformation and hate speech, with a few ex
...
Industrialized Disinformation: 2020 Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation
Deep Insights
Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute (2020), 23 pp.
"Our 2020 report highlights the recent trends of computational propaganda across 81 countries and the evolving tools, capacities, strategies, and resources used to manipulate public opinion around the globe. We identify three key trends in this year’s inventory of disinformation activity: 1. Cyber
...
