"This handbook is to help journalists working in war zones. There is no magic way to avoid a rocket attack or an ambush, but the tips here are based on common sense (which is too often ignored) and should help many journalists solve a lot of problems. We present basic press freedom documents, declar
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ations and ethics charters from all over the world, including the African Charter of Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Interamerican Convention on Human Rights, the Munich Charter on journalists’ rights and duties and journalists’ codes of conduct in Mali and in the US. As well as these broad documents, we also reprint practical advice such as that which the BBC gives all its journalists before they leave on dangerous assignments. We have also added (courtesy of the French defence ministry’s office of information, DICoD) the rules for self-protection given to French soldiers facing dangerous situations (riots, snipers, kidnappings, ambushes, roadblocks) and, when these precautions fail, what to do immediately to save the wounded and injured. There have been two additions to the 2010 edition of the handbook: very specific recommendations on the role of the media in humanitarian and public health emergencies and practical advice, drafted in cooperation with the Dart Centre, for coping with post-traumatic stress." (Preface, page 5)
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"Since Galtung (1998) and Kempf (1996) outlined their first ideas of an alternative to conventional war reporting, their model(s) of “Peace Journalism” stimulated a broad debate among peace researchers and journalists, practical thought about how to achieve this type of journalism, and a large b
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ody of basic theoretical and empirical research. How the concept of peace journalism developed in the course of these studies is documented in the present book which contains a collection of papers from the years 1997-2009 that previously were only available in German, in hard to find sources and/or in electronic form." (Publisher description)
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"Die Bedeutung von Medien für den Krieg und das Gendering des Militärischen sind zwei seit langem kontrovers diskutierte Themen in den Medien-, Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften. Weisen etablierte stereotype Bilder von friedfertigen Frauen und kriegerischen Männern in gegenwärtigen medialen Texte
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n Brüche und Widersprüche auf oder werden sie im öffentlichen Diskurs bekräftigt? Wie tragen populäre Medienangebote in verschiedenen kulturellen Kontexten zur Legitimation oder Infragestellung von militärischen Institutionen und Gewaltakteuren bei? Welche Rollen nehmen Journalistinnen im Spannungsfeld von Kriegsberichterstattung, Konfliktbearbeitung und emanzipatorischen Vorstellungen ein? Der Band versammelt Beiträge von WissenschaftlerInnen unterschiedlicher sozial- und geisteswissenschaftlicher Disziplinen, die mediale Repräsentationen, Bilderpolitiken, Narrationen und Artikulationen von Gender in Krieg und Militär in synchroner wie diachroner Perspektive analysieren." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Up-to-date through 2010, this new second edition (formerly titled the Historical Dictionary of War Journalism) examines the development, history and current state of war journalism. From the Mexican War in 1846 to the current Conflicts in the Middle East and everything in between, this important re
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ference tool provides a unique, around the world look at how conflicts were covered. Explore the influences of the flow of information on the battlefield and the home front. Combining over 800 A-Z Entries, with Primary Documents and an Historical Timeline, this new edition is both a starting point and a detailed research tool." (Publisher description)
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"Using exclusive access to the BBC archive, the article examines how and why media coverage of Africa has been misleading and misinformed in the postcolonial period. It examines the extent to which the close relationship between media coverage and aid agencies has damaged the cause of informing the
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public. Aid agencies have seen a huge growth since the mid-1980s – partly precipitated by the power of media imagery. As media organizations have reduced their commitment to investing in reporting on Africa so journalists have in turn become more dependent upon aid agencies, which have filled a vacuum. This symbiotic relationship requires a degree of transparency otherwise there is a danger that it can compromise journalistic accountability." (Abstract)
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"This book explores the journalism coming out of the Afghan war from the frontline and from the greater comfort of the library. It is an unusual hybrid: the testimony of some of the best frontline correspondents of our era, much of it placed in appropriate historical contexts, alongside detailed aca
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demic analysis – and much more. It ranges from the poppy fields of Helmand province to New York via the Iraq War and the modern rebirth of “embedding”. It mixes action, reflection and analysis and focuses on some of under-reported groups such as women and the humanitarian effort in Afghanistan.
It has its origin in a conference in Coventry in March 2010 put on as part of the university’s Coventry Conversations series (with financial support from the Pro Vice-Chancellor and the Dean of Business) in conjunction with the BBC College of Journalism and journalism.co.uk (the website forum for digitally active journalists). All of that conference can be seen and heard on bbc.co.uk/journalism and Coventry.ac.uk/itunesu. Many of the contributors to this book took part in that conference though some extra pieces have been specially commissioned. The war in Afghanistan will soon be coming up to its tenth anniversary.
Operation Enduring Freedom started on 7 October 2001 as a response to the 9/11 al-Qaeda attacks on the Twin Towers in New York. Freedom in Afghanistan has far from endured in that decade. There are today 100,000-plus US troops, 10,000-plus British troops and 17,000 from ISAF allies – including Germany, France, Italy, Poland and Canada.
US intelligence admit that there are now fewer than 100 al-Qaeda (the reason for invading in the first place) fighters left in the country and that the Taliban could fight on for ever. British Prime Minister David Cameron told the House of Commons on 14 June 2010 after his return from his first official visit to Afghanistan that it was only the presence of the ISAF troops that kept al-Qaeda from returning to Afghanistan in numbers. The West is fighting a phantom and desperately searching for an exit strategy. The trouble is they will leave behind an Afghan government scarred by illegitimacy, corruption and more. The Killing Fields will continue for a while yet. Journalism has escaped comparatively lightly – just nine Western journalists killed in Afghanistan since 2001.
Like all big stories, this war has attracted the cream of British journalistic talent especially the broadcast reporters. TV awards have been won on the field of battle by the new Brahmins – the war corrs parachuted in and out of Helmand. The idea for the conference and for the book took hold when I judged the Royal Television Society News Programme of the Year Awards for 2009. All entries featured front line action from their stars. Many of them have contributed to this book." (Pages 3-4)
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"This article argues that Johan Galtung’s theory on peace journalism can serve as a fruitful supplement to theory-building in the field of war and peace journalism, and critically reviews the scholarly debate on peace journalism. By using examples from Norwegian media coverage of the war in Afghan
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istan and examples of research on the Norwegian media coverage of the war, the author argues that Galtung’s theory on peace journalism can also serve as a useful platform for teaching and journalism training in the field of conflict and war reporting." (Abstract)
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"Peace Journalism, War and Conflict Resolution draws together the work of over twenty leading international writers, journalists, theorists and campaigners in the field of peace journalism. Mainstream media tend to promote the interests of the military and governments in their coverage of warfare. T
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his major new text aims to provide a definitive, up-to-date, critical, engaging and accessible overview exploring the role of the media in conflict resolution. Sections focus in detail on theory, international practice, and critiques of mainstream media performance from a peace perspective; countries discussed include the U.S., U.K., Germany, Cyprus, Sweden, Canada, India, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and the Philippines. Chapters examine a wide variety of issues including mainstream newspapers, indigenous media, blogs and radical alternative websites." (Publisher description)
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"The Anthropology of News and Journalism is the first book to explore the role of news and journalism in contemporary culture from an anthropological perspective—as a form of cultural meaning-making in its creation, content, and dissemination. Anthropology's global, comparative perspective and eth
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nographic methods provide powerful insights for analyzing case studies from around the world. Essays by leading scholars explore communities of professional and nonprofessional journalists. They describe news-making processes ranging from the local to the global digital environment, as well as how news is disseminated and received in a variety of cultural settings." (Publisher description)
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"A collection of essays by top international correspondants in print, broadcasting, and photojournalism, International News Reporting offers an introduction to journalism written by the people who have made the profession what it is today. Contributors identify the major areas of professional practi
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ce which students and young journalists need to know in order to work safely in, and understand fully, the field of international news gathering. It looks at events from conflicts to humanitarian disasters. The book covers crucial topics such as how to report stories about the developing world, how to avoid stereotyping, the uses and abuses of blogging, and risk assessment for journalists in conflict zones." (Publisher description)
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"Der Krieg im Irak gilt seit Mai 2003 offiziell als beendet. In keinem anderen Land weltweit ist es aber noch immer so gefährlich, als Journalist zu arbeiten. Der Artikel geht der Frage nach, wie Journalisten die Herausforderungen bewältigen, die Krieg, Krise und Gewalt mit sich bringen." (Zusamme
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nfassung)
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"In light of the U.S. functionality test to Article 51(3), the role and use of today’s embedded journalist in international armed conflicts poses a direct threat to their civilian protections under Article 79 of Protocol I. Despite the fact that embedded journalism has helped to facilitate better
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military-press relations and generally enhance news coverage of military conflicts, its increased level of integration in U.S. combat operations approaches the legal threshold of making the journalists themselves lawful targets. It is the U.S. military’s responsibility to create new measures to ensure embedded journalists’ activities are not so comingled with information operations that they become targeted. The overall integration of war correspondents into information operations, the eroding distinction between PAO and war correspondents and the loss of reporter objectivity on the battlefield are all factors that provide significant evidence that today’s embedded journalists are probably not engaged in their “professional mission” within the meaning of Article 79. Embedded journalists are no longer performing their professional mission when they are in fact being used to directly support military information operations. To the extent this continues in U.S. military combat operations, war correspondents can be lawfully targeted by the enemy under the U.S. functionality test to Article 51(3)." (Conclusion)
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"Global Crisis Reporting: Journalism in the Global Age sets out to better understand the media’s role in the circulation and communication of these global challenges to humanity as well as the conflicts and contentions that surround them. Concerned as we are with crises that transcend national bor
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ders, whether in terms of impact or intervention, this book seeks to move beyond narrow national frameworks and nationally focused methodologies. In today’s globalizing world, where crises can be transnational in scope and impact, involve supranational levels of governance and become communicated in real time via global media, so national frames of reference and earlier research preoccupations are being superseded. The study of global crisis reporting, necessarily, needs to be situated and theorized in the context of journalism practised in the global age. As we shall explore, contemporary news media occupy a key position in the public definition and elaboration of global crises and are often far more than just conduits for their wider public recognition. In exercising their symbolic and communicative power, the media today can variously exert pressure and influence on processes of public understanding and political response or, equally, serve to dissimulate and distance the nature of the threats that confront us and dampen down pressures for change. In such ways, global crises become variously constituted within the news media as much as communicated by them." (Page 2)
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"This first book-length study of infotainment and its globalization by a leading scholar of global communication, offers a comprehensive and critical analysis of this emerging phenomenon. Going beyond - both geographically and theoretically - the ‘dumbing down’ discourse, largely confined to the
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Anglo-American media, the book argues that infotainment may have an important ideological role, a diversion in which ‘soft news’ masks the hard realities of neo-liberal imperialism." (Publisher description)
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"Reporting on wars has always been a risky business for journalists. But news organisations have transformed their approach to safety in recent years by ensuring that all their staff sent to the front line have as much training as possible to minimise their chances of becoming victims of the conflic
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t they are covering. Despite that, and the virtual industry that has grown up around risk assessment, individual journalists on the ground will go on taking decisions that place them in danger, writes Nick Pollard, the former head of Sky News." (Abstract)
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