"The production of knowledge in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) research has been characterized by an ongoing shift from dominantly Western-based to Indigenous theory formulations. This editorial puts forward core concepts in the decolonization of ICT4D, arguing that
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these are fundamental to the creation, reading, and interpretation of ICT4D know ledge. Drawing on a decolonial read of the articles published in Vol. 28.3, we advance the argument that decolonizing ICT4D, rather than simply a means to read and analyze data, is an emancipatory practice to be adopted in an open challenge to Western-centric modes of doing ICT4D research." (Abstract)
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"Digitale Technologien sind wichtige Hebel zur Erreichung der Globalen Ziele für nachhal tige Entwicklung. Die Digitali sierung betrifft die drei Dimen sionen Soziales, Umwelt und Wirtschaft der Agenda 2030 gleichermaßen. Österreichs Freiwilliger Nationaler Bericht zur Umsetzung der Nachhalti gen
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Entwicklungsziele be handelt daher Digitalisierung als Schwerpunktthema. Im Sinn des Ansatzes Leaving No One Behind gilt es, die digi tale Kluft zu überwinden – geografisch sowie zwischen den Geschlechtern und Gene rationen. Österreich fördert etwa die Erschließung des Potenzials der digitalen Wirt schaft für Afrika, zum Beispiel über die African-Austrian SME Investment Facility, die Investi tionen in Afrika unterstützt." (Digitalisierung im Brennpunkt, Seite 8)
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"The Digital Ecosystem Framework is organized around three separate, overlapping pillars:
Digital Infrastructure and Adoption: the resources that make digital systems possible and how individuals and organizations access and use these resources;
Digital Society, Rights, and Governance: how digital t
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echnology intersects with government, civil society, and the media;
Digital Economy: the role digital technology plays in increasing economic opportunity and efficiency.
USAID’s Digital Ecosystem framework encompasses four cross-cutting topics:
Inclusion: reducing disparities in access and the “digital divide”;
Cybersecurity: protecting information against damage, unauthorized use or modification, or exploitation;
Emerging Technologies: encompassing artificial intelligence, Internet of Things, blockchain, 5G and other new technologies;
Geopolitical Positioning: the influence of authoritarian states that are actively working to shape the global digital space." (https://www.ictworks.org/usaid-digital-ecosystem-framework)
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"This report aims to bridge two communities – the broader development community and the cybersecurity capacity building community – to achieve more resilient outcomes by ensuring incorporation of cybersecurity and digital resilience into digital development activities. This report is a product o
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f the partnership between the World Bank and the Global Forum on Cyber Expertise (GFCE) Foundation, who recognize the importance of including cybersecurity, digital resilience, and cyber capacity building (CCB) as components of development projects. They also understand that advocates are needed to promote the eligibility of these activities for assistance in the broader development agenda." (Aim and objectives, page 11)
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"This evaluation is an analysis of the Mozilla Foundation’s grantmaking and fellowship work led by the F&A team from the beginning of 2016 through mid-2020. It seeks to understand: 1) the impacts of the programs on individual funding recipients and organizational partners, on the issues the progra
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ms endeavor to address, and on the people most affected by those issues, 2) the strengths and challenges of the programs, for Mozilla staff, program participants and other stakeholders 3) how F&A’s work supports the impact goals laid out in Mozilla’s AI Theory of Change and 4) the ways in which the F&A program contributes to and is perceived by the broader internet health ecosystem [...] The evaluation found that the program furthers the foundation’s internet health goals and overall theory of change by investing in research, writing, art, and code that explores the role of the internet in society. The program attracts and grows a network of technologists, coders, educators, scientists, journalists and activists who are committed to advancing Mozilla’s mission. It also found that impact has been limited by a lack of clarity and communication around how program design and theory of change inform one another. Those surveyed felt that making the connection explicit would help the ecosystem and participants have clarity around the intentions of Mozilla’s work, crystalize strategy internally and externally, and help the foundation develop more effective impact measurements. Respondents indicated that the strengths and challenges of the F&A program were largely consistent across program tracks, types and models. This finding indicates that individual F&A programs have more in common than the team currently acknowledges, and that the different programs ultimately offer similar experiences to funding recipients." (Executive summary, page 12-13)
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"The Serbian government prioritizes digitalization. Serbia’s digital transformation accelerated in 2017 with the government’s focus on building a digital government, or “digitalization” as defined by Serbians, and Serbia’s participation in the Digital Agenda for the Western Balkans. As one
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Serbian official described it, digitalization refers to the “fundamental changes reflected in the emergence of an efficient, economical, and transparent public administration.” Although there is no comprehensive national policy for Information and Communications Technology (ICT), Serbia’s digital agenda includes initiatives ranging from expanding connectivity to developing the ICT industry. Prime Minister Brnabic has been a champion for digitalization, and digital transformation will continue to be a key priority in the coming years. Digital connectivity infrastructure in the country is strong and growing. Fourth-generation (4G) mobile broadband covers more than 90 percent of the population. The government and top mobile network operators (MNOs) plan to deploy 5G networks in the near future. Donors such as the European Union (EU) support the expansion of fiber-optic connectivity to connect rural schools. China’s Digital Silk Road Initiative has had a substantial role in building Serbia’s digital infrastructure, ranging from Safe City infrastructure to providing cloud infrastructure and developing an artificial intelligence (AI) platform for the government. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the government swiftly embraced online schooling and expanded digital government services. Fragmentation and uneven levels of buy-in across the executive branch hinders Serbian digital government efforts. Serbia’s approach to multi-stakeholder internet governance has also been uneven, with industry and civil society stakeholders lamenting a lack of public engagement. Serbian civil society is working to protect digital rights and freedoms. A growing network of organizations in Serbia and across Southeast Europe is working to protect free expression online, promote information security, and publicize digital rights violations." (https://www.usaid.gov/digital-development)
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"The study identified resource gaps relating to broadband connectivity, affordability, digital literacy and skills, and priority digital services. It identified the need for reliable and quality telecommunication network coverage; digital literacy and skills training (sales and marketing resources a
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nd skills); a reliable power/energy supply; banking services; an improved education environment with reliable Internet services; an improved health environment with digitally literate health workers; clean water and sanitation; adaptation to the effects of natural disasters; and, importantly, climate change mitigation and adaptation. It also identified the need to promote South Malekula as an attractive domestic and international tourist destination. The National ICT Development Committee of Vanuatu recently (2021) agreed to pursue the Smart Islands Vanuatu Programme, in which government stakeholders and citizens have indicated keen interest. Partners such as the Vanuatu Rural Electrification Project have also expressed interest in how the programme could stimulate demand for a local solar power grid." (Executive summary, page iv)
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"Wir leben in einer zunehmend digitalen Welt. Weltweit nutzen über vier Milliarden Menschen das Internet – seit 2011 hat sich die Zahl fast verdoppelt. Nach aktuellen Schätzungen werden im Jahr 2023 weltweit rund 30 Milliarden Geräte an das Internet angeschlossen sein. Die fortschreitende Digit
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alisierung kann den wirtschaftlichen Aufschwung in unseren Partnerländern massiv beschleunigen und das Leben von Millionen Menschen verbessern. Die Beseitigung der Armut, die Sicherstellung der Welternährung, mehr Bildung und die Bekämpfung des Klimawandels – nur mit echten Entwicklungssprüngen können wir die Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung noch erreichen. Die digitale Transformation kann das Fundament dafür bilden. Deshalb hat die Weltgemeinschaft die Chancen digitaler Innovationen auch in vier der 17 Ziele der Agenda 2030 explizit hervorgehoben – SDGs: hochwertige Bildung (4), Geschlechtergleichheit (5), Industrie, Innovation und Infrastruktur (9) und Partnerschaft zur Erreichung der Ziele (17). Auch die COVID-19-Pandemie hat die Bedeutung und Notwendigkeit der digitalen Transformation aufgezeigt. Digitale Lösungen sind ein wichtiges Instrument, um die aktuellen Herausforderungen zu meistern – aber auch um für zukünftige Krisen gewappnet und schnell reaktionsfähig zu sein. Die vom BMZ geförderte Plattform SORMAS vernetzt beispielsweise in Echtzeit alle relevanten Akteure im Bereich Epidemie-Management wie etwa Kliniken, Labore und Behörden. SORMAS lässt sich auch per Smartphone oder Tablet nutzen und hilft so 100 Millionen Menschen weltweit bei der Bekämpfung der Pandemie – in Entwicklungsländern und zunehmend auch in Deutschland." (Seite 4)
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"Subgranting is a readily accessible source of short- to medium-term financial support for organisations. It offers a flexibility in disbursing funds that is not often found in donors. It catalyses change in organisations. It can serve as “seed funding”, allowing new organisations to become know
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n in an advocacy space. It allows for experimentation, innovation, and unpredictability. It allows organisations to strengthen the work they are already doing, and empowers them to seek funding elsewhere based on new experiences and knowledge.
• Transparency in deciding how funds are disbursed is essential. APC has tried different models for subgranting, including a centralised decision-making model, which offers autonomy for member organisations to decide on a project’s focus within a broad framework of shared objectives; a decentralised model with a thematic focus, working with members and new partners; and a collective decision-making model, that is issue based, working with a network of like-minded activists. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and the most appropriate mechanisms for transparency might depend on the size of the project or initiative, and the overall objectives of the subgranting work.
• Clear communication is necessary for meeting concrete deliverables, for growing a community or network, and for transparency. Make sure meanings are aligned and shared, even in like-minded networks. This streamlines the process, avoids disappointment, and ensures clearer outcomes.
• Subgranting can be used effectively for outreach to meet and work with new organisations at the local level, growing a network or membership base, and increasing the profile of an organisation at the grassroots level.
• Thematically focused or issue-based subgranting programmes can encourage a greater level of interaction between organisations, and allow cross-border advocacy with the potential of amplifying advocacy impact. However, collaboration needs to be created – it does not happen on its own. It requires processes and specific considerations, such as the type of decision-making structure to follow, thatcreate the context for cooperation to happen." (Key lessons from APC’s subgranting work, pgae 50)
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"What has changed in the decade or so since the ideas of a new “ICT4D 2.0” phase were first mooted? This paper reviews those changes, based on a new framework model. At a foundational level, it looks at recent and current trends in digital technologies, data, processes and the implications these
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have for the user demographics and network structures that underpin the role of digital ICTs in international development. It then summarises some of the new building blocks of development: digital roles, digital products and digital business models. We could call what is emerging “ICT4D 3.0.” However, this paper argues that the changes are such that we could talk of a paradigmatic shift and suggests that the elements could be collated as a new “digital-for-development” paradigm. Part 2 of this paper explores the patterns of change in the economy and in politics that may be associated with this paradigm." (Abstract)
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"Reviews of the ICTD literature have noted a scarcity of studies about Latin American countries. We investigate (1) what are the alternatives to ICTD and English-language ICTD publication venues researchers utilize to disseminate their work and why they may do so, and (2) what methodological, theore
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tical, and contextual characteristics these researchers bring to their publications. The study takes a two-pronged approach to answer these questions: a survey of researchers who have conducted ICTD research in Latin America and an analysis of their ICTD publications. We find that researchers use an array of specific alternative and additional terms to describe ICTD research, that methodological and theoretical characteristics of the literature resemble ICTD in general, and that contextual coverage of the region is lacking. Our results prompt a set of recommendations for better incorporating scholarship about Latin America in the ICTD field as well as improving global coverage of the ICTD community." (Abstract)
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"The digital strategy centers around two core, mutually reinforcing objectives: improve measurable development and humanitarian assistance outcomes through the responsible use of digital technology in USAID’s programming; and strengthen the openness, inclusiveness, and security of country-level di
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gital ecosystems. These objectives, and USAID’s approach to achieving them, support the goals and principles outlined in key policy documents, including the USAID Policy Framework, the Department of State-USAID Joint Strategic Plan, and the U.S. National Cyber, National Security, and Counterterrorism Strategies. USAID will work to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of foreign assistance through the consistent and responsible use of digital technology in our development and humanitarian programming. Through our programmatic investments, USAID will work to strengthen the critical components of digital ecosystems that enable sustainable growth in a digital age: a sound enabling environment and policy commitment; robust and resilient digital infrastructure; capable digital service providers and workforce; and, ultimately, empowered end-users of digitally enabled services." (Executive summar, page 4)
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"ICT4D projects are known for having social, economic, and environmental impacts that are difficult to capture. Investments in digital infrastructure and innovation often have high up-front costs with largely medium-to-long-term benefits, not quick, short-term outcomes desired by policy makers. The
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new DIAL Valuing ICT4D Project Impact Toolkit is a practical guide to identifying appropriate valuing impact methodologies to forecast the benefits of planned ICT investments. The toolkit can also be used to evaluate existing digital development activities in low-income countries. It presents five valuation methodologies for ICT4D projects: Cost Effectiveness Analysis, Cost Benefit Analysis, and Social Return on Investment explore the relationship from investment costs through to impact; Multi-Criteria Analysis explores the relationships from activities through to outcomes; Econometrics explores the relationship from activities through to impact. The methodologies considered vary in their application, but they largely explore the relationship between investment costs, related activities and outputs, and the desired change in outcome or impact. Implementing these methodologies can be complex and resource intensive depending on the scope and level of detail desired." (Ictworks.org)
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"This guide has explored some of the key considerations that should inform the conceptualization and implementation of Machine Learning (ML) and artifical intelligence (AI) components within a development project. New, automated decision systems can offer considerable and rapid efficiency gains, but
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we must always remember that they embed numerous and ongoing human decisions. These may be intentional or unintentional, benevolent or malicious, general or highly context specific. As with physical infrastructure such as roads and bridges, digital infrastructure can all too easily encode unexamined bias – sometimes in ways that can undermine development gains. As outlined in this guide, a wide variety of decisions need to be made at different stages of the project lifecycle: from which stakeholders should be involved and how, to measuring model accuracy and success, to determining overall whether ML is an appropriate tool to use for your development context. There is no one-size-fits all answer to these questions. But whatever the specific ML/AI technologies and applications you consider, broad guidance is offered in the four thematic areas woven throughout this guide: Responsible, equitable, and inclusive design; Strategic partnerships and human capital; Adaptive management; Enabling environment for ML/AI. These focal points should help you and your project team make the best possible choices at each stage of the project life cycle." (Conclusion)
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"This thesis describes the search for and the design of a field-based approach to ICT4D. Ten years of field and action research in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Ghana have led to a practical approach that guides design and development of information systems. It fosters knowledge exchange between people fr
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om different (global, local, indigenous, academic, non-academic) knowledge domains. It brings users, local stakeholders, developers, researchers together to solve complex problems, according to the users' own objectives. Field experience shows that digital development can be a meaningful, collaborative, networked process of knowledge sharing, driven by local initiatives, realizing change for the better in a complex world." (Back cover)
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"Making Open Development Inclusive: Lessons from IDRC Research focuses on the connection between openness and inclusion in global development. It brings together the latest research that cuts across a wide variety of political, economic, and social arenas - from governance to education to entreprene
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urship and more. The chapters draw on empirical evidence from a wide and diverse range of applications of openness, uncovering the many critical and underlying elements that shape and structure how particular openness initiatives and/or activities play out - and critically - who gets to participate, and who benefits [or not] from openness, while exploring the frontiers where openness intersects with deeper challenges of development, technology, and innovation." (Publisher description)
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"This thesis examines the impact on the Media Assistance sector of the arrival of digital technologies into the ‘information ecosystems’ in which it operates. Whereas historically in Media Assistance, broadcast media and the press have been the preferred (or available) media for achieving develo
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pment objectives, digital technologies such as mobile phones and social media are radically altering the landscape of Media Assistance. In Africa, where mobile phones are heralded as a “gift to development”, donors have been exploring the potential of these tools to achieve their development objective. As a consequence, the area of ICTs for Development (ICT4D) has flourished. At a time when the narrative in the western media has been of an “Africa Rising” and of techno-determinism, this research asks whether these digital technologies are indeed being used to achieve Media Assistance objectives in practice. If they are being integrated into media development programmes – or even replacing media development programmes - to what level of success? To answer this question, the thesis focuses on two countries in East Africa – Kenya and Tanzania – and interviews 40 stakeholders working in media assistance in these countries. The research finds that in fact many projects continue to use traditional methods. This is due to issues such as the digital divide, technical literacy, and continuing preference for traditional media by wider populations in these countries. Furthermore, the study notes that the virtual public sphere facilitated by the internet is not accessible to all, nor is it an ideal public sphere. Finally, citizens of these countries, the research finds, do not necessarily use these technologies for participation or accountability ends. Thus, despite widespread diffusion of technologies such as mobile phones in both these countries, there is still an important role for traditional media development approaches to achieve donor objectives in the new information ecosystem." (Abstract)
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"Kenya’s digital ecosystem has significant strengths not yet fully leveraged:
• Political interest in digital technology at national and county level: The Government of Kenya’s
(GoK) digital economy blueprint, ICT Masterplan, and eCitizen (government service platform for
Kenyan citizens and re
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sidents) are only a few of many digital initiatives undertaken to transform Kenya
into a thriving middle-income country by 2030. County-level programming such as County Data Desks
have demonstrated great initiative by county leadership in embracing digital tools to ensure a more
transparent and efficient process.
• Relatively strong digital infrastructure: Kenya’s expanding ICT infrastructure and GoK’s pursuit
of innovations driving connectivity (e.g., Google Loon pilots) demonstrates an investment in Kenya’s
inclusive future.
• Strong private sector engagement in digital innovation: From large mobile network operators and
multinational tech companies to startups and aspiring entrepreneurs, Kenya’s rich innovation culture is
an undervalued and underleveraged national resource." (Executive summary, page 3)
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"Seven years since the establishment of the Digital Defenders Partnership by the Freedom Online Coalition, the challenges to Human Rights and Internet Freedom globally have mounted, while the movements in their defence remain diverse, creative, and resilient. In this context, DDP has evolved to beco
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me a flexible and effective ally in the ecosystem of support to these movements, expanding our programme of support from emergency funding to include creative and innovative projects aimed at supporting and respecting this diversity, creativity, and resilience. In the coming strategic period, DDP will focus on the consolidation and expansion of the aspects of our work considered to be of most value by our allies and beneficiaries: Incident Emergency Response; Sustainable Protection Support; Facilitation and Community Building. We will do this by increasing clarity and transparency in how we work; facilitating and actively promoting collaboration within the ecosystem; further deepening our support for local and regional capacities; and establishing mechanisms for learning and sharing best practices. All of this with the aim of ensuring that the Internet and digital technologies remain a fundamental force for positive change - free, open and accessible to those on the front lines of that change." (Executive summary)
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