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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
10
Clandestine Radios
8
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
5
Samizdat
5
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
5
Democracy / Democratization and Media
5
Media / Communication Control
4
Censorship
4
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
4
Alternative Communication & Media
4
Apartheid
4
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
3
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
3
Alternative Press
3
Blogging, Blogs
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Political Resistance
3
Press
3
Catholic Media Organizations
2
Christian Communication
2
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Civil Wars
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
War Reporting
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Political Blogging
2
YouTube
2
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
2
Good Practice Examples
2
History of Media & Communication
2
Media Assistance
2
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
Radio Stations
2
B92 (Radio Station, Belgrade)
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Christian Press: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Encryption, Cryptology
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Government Propaganda
1
Community Radios
1
AMARC
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Radio Culture
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Internet
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Markets
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Innovations
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalists
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News
1
News Agencies
1
Agencia Noticiosa Fides (ANF) (News Agency, Bolivia)
1
Radio Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Dependency of Recipients
1
Communication Systems
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Media Law & Regulation
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Media Management
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Walsh, Rodolfo
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Socialism
1
Political Parties
1
Democratization
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Politics and Media
1
Framing
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Communication
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Public Spheres
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
1
The Daily News (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Public & State Radios
1
Radio
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Press
1
Civil Society
1
Television
1
Tolo TV (Television Channel, Afghanistan)
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"Civil society technology, or civic tech, is one of the novel notions introduced by the digital age – a new form of social interaction and implementation of fundamental human rights. The dominating discourse that civic tech is about optimising and digitising public services is challenged by the ex ... more
"Este artigo tem por objetivo examinar a relevância de produções de contrainformação desenvolvidas durante a ditadura militar no Brasil por grupos religiosos. O objeto é a revista Paz e Terra, da Editora Civilização Brasileira nos anos 1960, como iniciativa ímpar no campo da comunicação r ... more
"This study of 'independent' animation opens up a quietly subversive and vibrant dimension of contemporary Chinese culture which, hitherto, has not received as much attention as dissident art or political activism. Scholarly interest in Chinese animation has increased over the last decade, with atte ... more

Income Models of Independent Media in Difficult Contexts

Free Press Unlimited (2020), 48 pp.
"Diversification with age: The media in this research are in a constant process of diversifying their revenue streams. Generally speaking, the longer a medium exists, the more income streams a medium has. This shows that diversification of income models takes time and patience. Donor funding remains ... more

Conveying Truth: Independent Media in Putin’s Russia

Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy (2020), 39 pp.
"This study examines the evolution of independent Russian media, from the glasnost era to the pandemic. It describes some of the pandemic coverage and identifies several of the newsrooms that gave Russians reliable, accountability journalism throughout the early months of the crisis. It may seem obv ... more
"Liberation radios, the propaganda stations operated by the anti-Apartheid and anticolonial movements Southern Africa, provide us with a unique lens on the relationship between broadcasters and their audiences. Most importantly, they conceptualized audiences in a specific, two-pronged way to mobiliz ... more
"Since the 1970s, Syrian cinema masters played a defining role in avant-garde filmmaking and political dissent against authoritarianism. After the outbreak of violence in 2011, an estimated 500,000 video clips were uploaded making it one of the first YouTubed revolutions in history. This book is the ... more
"This study presents a snapshot of the framing used in reporting on Syria. To ensure a diverse representation, the sample includes a selection of domestic (Syrian) and pan-Arab media organisations, whose alleged preferences towards the dominant parties in the Syrian conflict are mixed. The findings ... more

A Clash of Cultures: Pirate Radio Convergence and Reception in Africa

In: The Routledge Companion to Alternative and Community Media
Chris Atton (ed.)
London; New York: Routledge, paperback ed. (2019), pp. 494-504
"Surgieron entre 2001 y 2017, y ya son 14 los medios que toman relevancia dentro y fuera de la Isla. La mayoría de sus equipos no rebasa una docena de empleados, muchas veces voluntarios. Todos estos medios tienen periodistas que trabajan desde La Habana, pero el 50% tiene oficinas o redacciones en ... more
"The 2011 uprisings in the Middle East have deeply shaken the traditional media landscape in the region. They have also reinvigorated scholarly interest in the role of the media in the region’s conflicts. Alternative media has emerged as an important avenue for investigation—in particular with r ... more

Emergent Voices and Evolving Agendas: Writing Realities in Cuba’s New Media Landscape

Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Advanced Research in Global Communication (CARGC) (2017), 25 pp.
"This paper aims to understand the motivations, decision-making processes, and missions of the producers of new Cuban media using interviews with journalists recruited from the wider group of twenty non-governmental publications. In ten semi-structured interviews, participants described their person ... more
"Six years have gone by since the political upheaval that swept through many Middle East and North African (MENA) countries begun. Syria was caught in the grip of this revolutionary moment, one that drove the country from a peaceful popular mobilisation to a deadly fratricide civil war with no appar ... more
"This book argues that Internet diffusion and use in the Middle East enables meaningful micro-changes in citizens’ lives, even in states where no Arab Spring revolution occurred. Using ethnographic evidence and taking a comparative perspective, it presents a grass roots look at how new media use f ... more
"This article examines how broadcaster B92, once the top-billed independent media in Serbia that resisted Milosevic’s authoritarianism, could not survive democracy. Although it withstood the crackdown and censorship of the war regime, it was eventually sunk by what could be considered ‘market ce ... more
"This book provides empirical analysis of the day-to-day use of online platforms by activists in Egypt and Kuwait. The research evaluates the importance of online platforms for effecting change and establishes a specific framework for doing so. Egypt and Kuwait were chosen because, since the mid-200 ... more
"This study focuses on the unprecedented ways in which newspaper journalism helped the cause of democratisation at the height of the economic and political governance crisis, also known as the ‘Zimbabwe Crisis’, from 1997 to 2010. The research is designed as a qualitative case study of The Daily ... more
"This is a broad overview of the role of information in various forms for key actors in dictatorships, including members of the regime, dissident leaders, and the general public. The existing literature implies that information is crucial to the dynamic interactions among these actors, particularly ... more