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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
10
Clandestine Radios
8
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
5
Samizdat
5
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
5
Democracy / Democratization and Media
5
Media / Communication Control
4
Censorship
4
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
4
Alternative Communication & Media
4
Apartheid
4
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
3
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
3
Alternative Press
3
Blogging, Blogs
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Political Resistance
3
Press
3
Catholic Media Organizations
2
Christian Communication
2
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Civil Wars
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
War Reporting
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Political Blogging
2
YouTube
2
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
2
Good Practice Examples
2
History of Media & Communication
2
Media Assistance
2
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
Radio Stations
2
B92 (Radio Station, Belgrade)
2
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Christian Press: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Encryption, Cryptology
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Government Propaganda
1
Community Radios
1
AMARC
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Radio Culture
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Internet
1
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Facebook
1
Journalistic Social Media Use
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Markets
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Innovations
1
Colonial Period
1
Decolonisation & Independence (General)
1
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalists
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
News
1
News Agencies
1
Agencia Noticiosa Fides (ANF) (News Agency, Bolivia)
1
Radio Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Dependency of Recipients
1
Communication Systems
1
Media & Communication Policies
1
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Television Landscapes
1
Media Law & Regulation
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Media Management
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Walsh, Rodolfo
1
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Socialism
1
Political Parties
1
Democratization
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Politics and Media
1
Framing
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Communication
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Public Spheres
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Kompas (Newspaper, Indonesia)
1
The Daily News (Newspaper, Zimbabwe)
1
Public & State Radios
1
Radio
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Press
1
Civil Society
1
Television
1
Tolo TV (Television Channel, Afghanistan)
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"For journalists promoting the free flow of information in repressive or restrictive media environments, the issue of financial sustainability is complex. Both media in exile (out-of-country news outlets feeding independent information into the country of origin) and news outlets in restrictive news ... more
"This paper critically assesses the ethical challenges not-for-profit oppositional news outlets face when generating revenues. Both media in exile (out-of-country news outlets feeding independent information into the country of origin) and those in restrictive environments (in-country providing coun ... more

Clandestine and Other Target Broadcasts

In: World Radio TV Handbook: The Directory of Global Broadcasting 2016
Oxford: WRTH Publications (2015), pp. 508-515
"Clandestine broadcasts are politically-motivated broadcasts produced by groups opposed to the government of the target country. Other target broadcasts can be produced by either governmental or non-governmental organisations and are targetted at zones of regional or local conflict." (Page 508)
"This article seeks to highlight how the media – especially radio – have always been used in Zimbabwe to consolidate the power of the government. This invariably led to oppositional media emerging from outside the country, giving the populace access to alternative discourses from those churned o ... more
"In many ways what is identified today as "cultural globalization" in Eastern Europe has its roots in the Cold War phenomena of samizdat ("do-it-yourself" underground publishing) and tamizdat (publishing abroad). This volume offers a new understanding of how information flowed between East and West ... more

Blogistan: Politik und Internet im Iran

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb); (2012), 285 pp.
"Die Protestwelle nach der umstrittenen Präsidentschaftswahl im Iran vom Juni 2009 lenkte die Aufmerksamkeit der Weltöffentlichkeit auf die lebendige Internetkultur der Islamischen Republik. Das Internet, heißt es, befördert den gesellschaftlichen Wandel in Ländern wie dem Iran, doch inwiefern ... more

Contesting Mainstream Media Power: Mediating the Zimbabwe Crisis Through Clandestine Radio

In: Radio in Africa: Publics, Cultures, Communities
Liz Gunner; Dina Ligaga; Dumisani Moyo (eds.)
Johannesburg: Wits University Press (2011), pp. 49-62
"The protests unleashed by Iran's disputed presidential election in June 2009 brought the Islamic Republic's vigorous cyber culture to the world's attention. Iran has an estimated 700,000 bloggers, and new media such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube were thought to have played a key role in spreadin ... more
"This article analyses the re-emergence of clandestine radio in post-independence Zimbabwe, and how it has become an important tool for disseminating alternative viewpoints in an environment where democratic communicative space is restricted. The article focuses specifically on SW Radio Africa, one ... more
"Peter Reddaway und neun weitere Autoren schauen ins das Archiv der Freiheit, das die osteuropäischen Bürgerrechtler mit ihren selbstverlegten Schriften anlegten. Sie entdecken substantielle Beiträge zur politischen Ideengeschichte des mündigen Bürgers. Sind im Zeitalter der wiedererstarkten po ... more

The blogging revolution

Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press (2008), vii, 294 pp.
"This searching examination explores how the internet is threatening the rule of particularly repressive governments - including China, Cuba, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Addressing internet censorship, citizen journalism, and the growing popularity of blogging as a means for change, this in-dept ... more

The Media and Conflicts in Central Africa

Boulder, Colo.; London: Rienner;Panos Paris (2007), vii, 287 pp.
"This in-depth investigation of the role that local news media play in Central African conflicts combines theoretical analysis with case studies from nine African countries: Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republi ... more

Democratization: A Central Task of Media Development Cooperation

Bonn: Evangelische Akademie im Rheinland (2006), 139 pp.
"This study documents a crucial dimension of the resistance of Nigerian civil society to a repressive and monumentally corrupt military state in the late 1980s and 1990s in Nigeria. Employing a neo-Gramscian theoretical framework, the study relates how a section of the media defied censorship laws, ... more

Das Mediensystem in Libyen: Akteure und Entwicklungen

Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut (2004), 142 pp.
"Erstmalig im deutschen Sprachraum liegt mit diesem Buch eine umfassende Bestandsaufnahme aktueller und historischer Entwicklungen im Medienbereich des nordafrikanischen Staates vor. Mit einer vorsichtigen Öffnungspolitik hat Libyens Revolutionsführer Muammar al-Qadhafi das Land seit 2003 in den F ... more

Guerrilla Radio: Rock'n'roll Radio and Serbia's Underground Resistance

New York: Thunder' Mouth Press/Nation Books (2001), 245 pp.
"[...] tells the astonishing story of a bunch of Belgrade kids and their pirate radio station B92. B92 started in the late eighties with the naive desire to simply play music but ended up facing two wars, economic sanctions, violent police and government crackdowns, the attention of armed gangsters ... more

Samizdat: Alternative Kultur in Zentral- und Osteuropa. Die 60er bis 80er Jahre

Bremen: Edition Temmen;Forschungsstelle Osteuropa an der Universität Bremen (2000), 472 pp.